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Characterizing drought in California:new drought indices and scenario-testing in support of resource management

Ecological Processes 2018年第1期7卷 1-13页

作者： Lorraine E.Flint Alan L.Flint John Mendoza Julie Kalansky F.M.Ralph U.S.Geological Survey 6000 J.StSacramentoCA 95819USA sonoma county water agency 404 Aviation Dr.Santa RosaCA 95403USA Scripps Institution of Oceanography 9500 Gilman Dr.La JollaCA 92093USA

Introduction:California’s recent drought(2012–2016)has implications throughout the state for natural resource management and adaptation planning and has generated many discussions about drought characterization and *** study characterizes drought conditions with two indices describing deficits in natural water supply and increases in landscape stress developed on the basis of water balance modeling,at a fine spatial scale to assess the variation in conditions across the entire state,and provides an in-depth evaluation for the Russian River basin in northern California to address local resource management by developing extreme drought scenarios for consideration in planning and ***:We employed the USGS Basin Characterization Model to characterize drought on the basis of water supply(a measure of recharge plus runoff)and landscape stress(climatic water deficit).These were applied to the state and to the Russian River basin where antecedent soil moisture conditions were evaluated and extreme drought scenarios were developed and run through a water management and reservoir operations model to further explore impacts on water ***:Drought indices indicated that as of the end of water year 2016 when reservoirs were full,additional water supply and landscape replenishment of up to three average years of precipitation in some locations was needed to return to normal *** soil conditions in the Russian River were determined to contribute to very different water supply results for different years and were necessary to understand to anticipate proper watershed response to *** drought scenarios manifested very different kinds of drought and recovery and characterization helps to guide the management response to ***:These scenarios and indices illustrate how droughts differ with regard to water supply and landscape stress and how long warm droughts recover much more slowly than short very dry dro

关键词： California drought Russian River water supply Basin Characterization Model

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Development of a brownfield inventory for prioritizing funding outreach in Tucson,Arizona

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Geo-Spatial Information Science 2021年第4期24卷 742-754页

作者： Theresa Foley Ann Marie Wolf Chloe Jackson Ryan Stephenson Sonora Environmental Research Institute Inc.(SERI)TucsonAZUSA Pima county ITD/GIS TucsonAZUSA Pima county Community Development&Neighborhood Conservation TucsonAZUS

Fear of liability from the 1980 Comprehensive Environmental Response,Compensation,and Liability Act(CERCLA or Superfund)has prompted developers to build preferentially upon undeveloped green space rather than potentially contaminated former industrial sites,leading to urban sprawl in the suburban areas while blighted properties in the urban core remain vacant.A brownfield is defined as a property in which the presence or potential presence of a hazardous substance or contaminant poses a barrier to *** often create brownfield inventories by performing a site suitability analysis,using distinguishing features such as ecolo-gically and culturally significant areas or neighborhoods that need *** county,Arizona and the Sonora Environmental Research Institute,Inc.(SERI)developed a brownfield inventory of the large,industrial area directly to the west of Davis-Monthan Air Force *** the brownfield target area has few residential neighborhoods and lacks the distinguish-ing features usually used in a brownfield site suitability analysis,the county and SERI used the official tax assessor database and 11 federal,state and county environmental databases to develop a brownfield *** goal of the project was to prioritize properties that stood to benefit from the grant *** final brownfield inventory contained 531 parcels.

关键词： GIS site suitability analysis brownfield urban planning brownfield inventory

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Designing Social Programs in Circumstances of Informational Asymmetry

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Economics World 2014年第1期2卷 11-24页

作者： Adrian VINTILESCU BELCIUG Lacramioara CORCHES Daniela CRETU Adriana LUPU county Inspection agency for Payment and Social Buzau Buzau Romania Ministry of Labour Family and Social Protection Bucharest Romania National agency for Fiscal Administration Bucharest Romania

The social programs represent the redistribution of revenues collected from taxpayers toward persons considered to be in need according to the public policies. Therefore, the govemment-financed welfare program is often looked as a type of a safety net of the state itself by groups of persons having certain features which are detected according to a selection process. The state should grant the ultimate successive safety net to persons in whose cases the previous safety nets would have failed. The beneficiaries are persons selected by different decision-makers who are aware of the actual status of that person. The individual who actually grants the access to the social program does not have all the necessary data. In this context, is the redistribution system effective？ The study aims to determine an equilibrium in social assistance and effective methods for providing social benefits. The study has proposed to build a model using the concept of labelling. The quantitative model hereby proposed represents a possibility to design social programs in circumstances of asymmetric information. Therefore, it reveals the sensitivity of the social programs toward social controls or penalties, and it has a stabilizing effect on the economic crisis. The study proposes the use of an expert system （SE） in redistributing incomes in social assistance and concrete ways of state intervention.

关键词： expert system redistribution social benefits social assistance

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New Dimensions for a Challenging Security Environment:Growing Exposure to Critical Space Infrastructure Disruption Risk

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2018年第4期9卷 555-560页

作者： Adrian V.Gheorghe Alexandru Georgescu Olga Bucovetchi Marilena Lazar Cezar Scarlat Department of Engineering Management and Systems Engineering Old Dominion UniversityNorfolkVA 23529USA Romanian Association for Space Technology and Industry(ROMSPACE) 061126 BucharestRomania University Politehnica of Bucharest 060042 BucharestRomania Military Equipment and Technologies Research agency of the Romanian Ministry of Defense(METRA) 077025 ClinceniIlfov CountyRomania

Space systems have become a key enabler for a wide variety of applications that are vital to the functioning of advanced societies. The trend is one of quantitative and qualitative increase of this dependence, so much so that space systems have been described as a new example of critical infrastructure. This article argues that the existence of critical space infrastructures implies the emergence of a new category of disasters related to disruption risks. We inventory those risks and make policy recommendations for what is, ultimately, a resilience governance issue.

关键词： Complex systems Infrastructure disruption Resilience governance Space infrastructure System interdependencies

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Collaborative Efforts and Strategies for Cholera Outbreak Control in Garissa county, Kenya: Implementation of water Quality Monitoring Interventions

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Journal of water Resource and Protection 2024年第2期16卷 123-139页

作者： Michael Habtu Mark Nanyingi Ali A. Hassan Abdiwahid M. Noor Joel Mutyandia Muli Alan Mwika Julius Wekesa Ahmed Fidhow Diba Dulacha Landry Kabego Ishata Nannie Conteh Andre Arsene Bita Fouda Sonia Chene Aden H. Ibrahim Ahmed Nadhir Omar Martins C. Livinus Abdourahmane Diallo World Health Organization Nairobi Kenya Department of Health Garissa County Government Garissa Kenya water Resources Authority Garissa Kenya World Health Organization Regional Office for Africa Brazzaville Congo Regional agency for Health Dijon France

A multi-faceted Case Area Targeted Intervention (CATI) approach emphasizing the integration of water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) interventions and Oral Cholera Vaccine (OCV) campaign was employed to respond to the outbreak of cholera in Garissa county. Drinking water sources in areas heavily impacted by cholera were systematically mapped and tested for microbiological quality. The quality assessment was carried out in April 2023 during an ongoing cholera outbreak in the county. A total of 109 samples were collected and tested for thermotolerant coliforms and other in situ parameters. The finding revealed that more than 87% of the samples did not meet the World Health Organization (WHO) standard for thermotolerant coliforms;and 30% had turbidity values above the recommended threshold values. None of the 109 samples had any traceable residual chlorine. Following these findings, the county government implemented the targeted interventions which resulted in a positive impact in the fight against cholera. The WHO supported key interventions which included capacity building in water quality monitoring and prepositioning of critical WASH commodities to the cholera affected areas.

关键词： Cholera Drinking water Household water Treatment Kenya

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Performance of the Yangbi M_(S)6.4 earthquake disaster in different geomorphic units in Yunnan

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Earthquake Research Advances 2022年第2期2卷 30-37页

作者： Jianlin Li Zufeng Chang Changwei Liu Yunnan Earthquake agency Kunming650224China

An M_(S)6.4 earthquake occurred in Yangbi,Yunnan province,on May 21,*** to related investigations,the macro-epicenter of the earthquake is 6 km northwest of Yangbi county,and the seismogenic structure is the NW-trending Weixi-Qiaohou *** earthquake area is located in the hinterland of the Hengduan Mountains in the northwest of Yunnan Province,a region dominated by high and medium-high mountains,with deep canyons and tectonic basins in *** geomorphic features are derived from drastic topographic changes and huge geological differences in the earthquake *** are a variety of buildings in the earthquake-affected zone,including civil and brick-wood structures ones with weak seismic performance,as well as brick-concrete and frame ones with better seismic *** paper summarizes and analyzes different characteristics of the earthquake in different geomorphic units through field investigations of different buildings and geological disasters in the affected *** results show that under the same earthquake intensity,the damage to most buildings(located in slope areas or rooted in weak strata)is amplified by the *** earthquake has exerted an obvious propagation effect along the direction of the seismogenic ***,local ground fissures will aggravate the damage to the buildings even without surface ***,we suggest that attention should be paid to the ground fissures caused by the slope *** fissure areas may also be the disaster spot of collapses and landslides in case of a high-magnitude earthquake.

关键词： Yangbi M_(S)6.4 earthquake Earthquake intensity Geomorphic unit Earthquake disaster

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Chen Zhanxiang: An Academic Pioneer of Urban Planning in China

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China City Planning Review 2016年第3期25卷 66-72页

作者： Wang Jun Li Caige Xinhua News agency

Chen Zhanxiang(alias Charles Chen),whose hometown was Fenghua county of Zhejiang Province,was born in a merchant family in Shanghai on Jun.13,*** the City Hall of Shanghai,designed by Chinese architect Dong Dayou in a... 详细信息

关键词： Chen Zhanxiang An Academic Pioneer of Urban Planning in China

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Characteristics of ground cracks caused by the M_(S) 6.4 Yangbi earthquake and the corresponding tectonic significance

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Earthquake Research Advances 2022年第2期2卷 21-29页

作者： Changwei Liu Zufeng Chang Jianlin Li Yunnan Earthquake Disaster Prevention Center Yunnan Earthquake AgencyKunmingChina

An M_(S)6.4 earthquake occurred near Yangbi county, Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province, at 21:48on May 21, 2021. The earthquake location is characterized by complex geological structures, with multiple active faults distributed around the epicenter that is located at the west edge of the Sichuan-Yunnan rhombic block(25.67°N, 99.87°E). A total of 42 ground cracks are found by earthquake field investigations. The cracks are mainly concentrated in the Ⅷ degree area on the west side of the Yangbi River. Among these, 9 coseismic tectonic ground cracks generated by shear fractures are found in three villages(i.e., Akechang, Meijia-Lijia, and Huajiazhuang), which are distributed along the strike of the northwest-trending linear folds, showing the tectonic characteristics of right-lateral tension or left-stepping cracks. The structural attribute of ground cracks sustains the kinematic properties of the Weixi-Qiaohou fault, namely right-lateral strike-slip.

关键词： Yangbi earthquake Structural ground crack Weixi-Qiaohou fault Seismogenic structure

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Effect of Nitrogen Management on Yield and water Use Efficiency of Rainfed Wheat and Maize in Northwest China

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Pedosphere 2006年第4期16卷 495-504页

作者： DANG Ting-Hui CAI Gui-Xin GUO Sheng-Li HAO Ming-De L. K. HENG institute of Soil and water Conservation Cliinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources Northwest SciTech University of Agriculture and Forestry Yangling 712100 （China）. Institute of Soil Science Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing 210008 （China） FAO/IAEA Agriculture and Biotechnology Laboratory Seibersdorf （Austria）

A field experiment with four treatments and four replicates in a randomized complete block design was conducted at the Changwu Experimental Station in Changwu county, Shaanxi Province, of Northwest China from 1998 to 2002. The local cropping sequence of wheat, wheat-beans, maize, and wheat over the 4-year period was adopted. A micro-plot study using ^15N-lahelled fertilizer was carried out to determine the fate of applied N fertilizer in the first year. When N fertilizer was applied wheat （years 1, 2 and 4） and maize （year 3） grain yield increased significantly （P 〈 0.05）（〉 30%）, with no significant yield differences in normal rainfall years （Years 1, 2 and 3） for N application at the commonly application rate and at 2/3 of this rate. Grain yield of wheat varied greatly between years, mainly due to variation in annual rainfall. Results of ^15N studies on wheat showed that plants recovered 36.6%-38.4% of the N applied, the N remained in soll （0-40 cm） ranged from 29.2% to 33.6%, and unaccounted-for N was 29.5%-34.2%. The following crop （wheat） recovered 2.1%- 2.8% of the residual N from N applied to the previous wheat crop with recovery generally decreasing in the subsequent three crops （beans, maize and wheat）.

关键词： wheat maize ^15N studies water use efficiency yield

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Focal Mechanism and Focal Depth of the May 22,2016 M S 4.6 Earthquake in Chaoyang,Liaoning

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Earthquake Research in China 2018年第1期32卷 100-112页

作者： Zhao Xing Zhang Fan Han Xiaoming Wang Shubo Wei Jianmin Earthquake agency of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Hohhot 010051China

An earthquake with M_S4. 6 occurred at 17: 08 p. m.,May 22,2016 in Chaoyang county,Liaoning Province. We used the P-wave first motion method,TDMT method,and CAP method to determine the focal mechanisms and the PTD method and sP n-Pn method to determine the focal depth. The focal mechanism results of the three methods are consistent. The depth results of the CAP method,PTD method and sP n-Pn method are close. We used the double difference location method to relocate earthquakes in 2009-2016,and obtained the strikes and dip angles of the small earthquake distributions with the help of simulated annealing algorithm and gauss Newton algorithm fitting. According to the focal mechanism results,the depth results,the characteristics of small earthquake distributions and the structural characteristics of the source area,the seismogenic fault strike is NEE and the main pressure force direction is NNW. The earthquake focal mechanism is for a normal fault type with a little left-lateral strike slip motion.

关键词： Focal depth Focal mechanism The CAP method The TDMT method HypoDD

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