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Heavy metal (Pb,Zn) uptake and chemical changes in rhizosphere soils of four wetland plants with different radial oxygen loss

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2010年第5期22卷 696-702页

作者： Junxing Yang Zuoluo Ma Zhihong Ye Xueyan Guo Rongliang Qiu State Key Laboratory for Bio-control and School of Life Sciences Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510006 China Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of plant nutrition and Nutrient Cycling Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing 100081 China School of Enviromnental Sciences and Engineering Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510275 China

Lead and Zn uptake and chemical changes in rhizosphere soils of four emergent-rooted wetland plants;Aneilema bracteatum,Cyperus alternifolius,Ludwigia hyssopifolia and Veronica serpyllifolia were investigated by two experiments：（1） rhizobag filled with ＂clean＂ or metal-contaminated soil for analysis of Pb and Zn in plants and rhizosphere soils;and （2） applied deoxygenated solution for analyzing their rates of radial oxygen loss （ROL）.The results showed that the wetland plants with different ROL rates had significant effects on the mobility and chemical forms of Pb and Zn in rhizosphere under flooded *** effects were varied with different metal elements and metal concentrations in the *** mobility in rhizosphere of the four plants both in the ＂clean＂ and contaminated soils was decreased,while Zn mobility was increased in the rhizosphere of the ＂clean＂ soil,but decreased in the contaminated *** the four plants,***,with the highest ROL,formed the highest degree of Fe plaque on the root surface,immobilized more Zn in Fe plaque,and has the highest effects on the changes of Zn form （EXC-Zn） in rhizosphere under both ＂clean＂ and contaminated soil *** results suggested that ROL of wetland plants could play an important role in Fe plaque formation and mobility and chemical changes of metals in rhizosphere soil under flood conditions.

关键词： lead zinc rhizosphere wetland plant radial oxygen loss

Responses of Saline Soil Properties and Cotton Growth to Different Organic Amendments

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Pedosphere 2018年第3期28卷 521-529页

作者： WU Yupeng LI Yufei ZHANG Yi BI Yanmeng SUN Zhenjun College of Resources and Environment Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan 430070( China) College of Resources and Environmental Sciences China Agricultural University Beijing 100194( China) Institute of plant nutrition and Resources Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences Beijing 100097( China) School of Environmental Science and Engineering Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen 518000( China)

Application of organic waste to saline alkaline soils is considered to be a good practice for soil remediation. The effects of applying different organic amendments （e.g., cattle dung, vermicompost, biofertilizer） and earthworm inoculations （Eisenia fetida） on saline soils and cotton growth were investigated during i year of cotton cultivation. Compared to the control （applied with inorganic NPK fertilizer）, applying organic amendments improved soil physicochemical properties. Biofertilizer application improved available nutrient content, reduced short-term soil electrical conductivity, and produced the highest cotton yield, whereas cattle dung and vermicompost applications resulted in higher soil organic matter content. Application of organic amendments significantly increased soil microbial biomass carbon during the flowering period, which sharply declined at harvest. This was especially true for the biofertilizer treatment, which also exhibited lower nematode abundance compared with the other organic materials. Earthworm inoculation following cattle dung application failed to significantly change soil physicochemical properties when compared to the treatments without earthworm inoculation. Results suggest that biofertilizer application to saline soil would improve soil nutrient status in the short-term, whereas cattle dung application would improve soil organic matter content and increase soil organism abundance to a greater extent. However, different strategies might be required for long-term saline soil remediation.

关键词： biofertilizer cattle dung earthworm inoculation saline soil remediation vermicompost

Decomposition of different crop straws and variation in straw-associated microbial communities in a peach orchard,China

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Journal of Arid Land 2021年第2期13卷 152-164页

作者： ZHANG Hong CAO Yingfei LYU Jialong College of Natural Resources and Environment Northwest A&F University/State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess PlateauInstitute of Water and Soil ConservationChinese Academy of Science and Ministry of Water ResourcesYangling 712100China Key Laboratory of plant nutrition and the Agri-environment in Northwest China Ministry of AgricultureYangling 712100Chin

Crop residue is a major source of soil organic matter;therefore,application of crop straw to soil contributes to the sustainable development of organic *** better understand the transformation of crop straw in orchard soils,we investigated the relationship between the characteristics of straw decomposition and functional diversity of associated microbial communities in a long-term peach orchard,*** bags,each containing 30 g of corn or bean straw,were buried at a soil depth of 20 cm in a 12-year-old peach orchard for 360 d(October 2011–October 2012).Three treatments were applied,i.e.,fresh corn straw,fresh corn straw with nitrogen fertilizer(urea,10.34 g/kg),and fresh bean *** in straw residual rate,straw water content and soil conditions were monitored after *** functional diversity of straw-associated microbial communities was analyzed by the Biolog-Eco microplate *** the decomposition process,straw residual rates did not vary considerably from 10 d(30.4%–45.4%)to 360 d(19.0%–30.3%).Irrespective of nitrogen addition,corn straw decomposed faster than bean *** straw with nitrogen fertilizer yielded the highest average well color development(AWCD)values(1.11–1.67),followed by corn straw(1.14–1.68)and bean straw(1.18–1.62).Although the AWCD values did not differ significantly among the three treatments,substantial differences occurred across various time periods of the decomposition process(P<0.01).In terms of carbon source utilization,the dominant microbial groups fed mainly on ***-to-decompose substances gradually accumulated in the middle and late stages of straw *** the six categories of carbon sources tested,the utilization rate of aromatics was the lowest with corn straw,whereas that of polymers was the lowest with bean *** different treatments,straw residual rate was negatively correlated to soil available phosphorous,soil available potassium and soil temperature(P<0.05),but

关键词： Biolog-Eco microplate nitrogen fertilizer microbial community organic agriculture straw decomposition

The effects of calcium combined with chitosan amendment on the bioavailability of exogenous Pb in calcareous soil

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2020年第5期19卷 1375-1386页

作者： CHANG Hui-qing WANG Qi-zhen LI Zhao-jun WU Jie XU Xiao-feng SHI Zhao-yong Henan University of Science and Technology Luoyang 471000P.R.China Key Laboratory of plant nutrition and Fertilizer Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory for Soil Molecular EcologyInstitute of Agricultural Resources and Regional PlanningChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081P.R.China

Lead(Pb) in soil may accumulate in crops and enter the human body. This study aimed to understand the speciation transformation and accumulation characteristics of exogenous Pb in calcareous soil with or without the application of soil amendments. Field experiments with continuous maize cultivation have been carried out for two years. The results showed that the contents of total Pb were slightly lower in 2016 than in 2015 for the same treatments;however, no significant difference between the years was observed. Soil Pb existed mainly in the residual fraction without exogenous Pb addition, and its proportion was more than 33% of the total soil Pb in the control and Ca treatments. When Pb was added to calcareous soil, Pb existed largely in the oxidizable and reducible fractions during the two-year experimental period, and those fractions made up over 83% of the total Pb. The proportion of the water-soluble Pb, regardless of the addition of Pb, was the lowest and was less than 0.0019% in all treatments, but the addition of Ca and chitosan amendments reduced the water-soluble and exchangeable Pb contents. The Pb content in different parts of maize followed the order root>leaf>stem>grain during the experimental period. Although maize had low transfer and enrichment factors in calcareous soil, which make the Pb content in the grain show no significant difference among the five treatments in the same year, adding Ca and chitosan to calcareous soil can reduce the Pb contents of maize, especially reduce the Pb contents of root, stem and leaf. Therefore, the addition of calcium and chitosan is an effective strategy for reducing Pb availability in calcareous soils.

关键词： exogenous Pb maize calcareous soil speciation transformation amendments

Role of Carbon Substrates Added in the Transformation of Surplus Nitrate to Organic Nitrogen in a Calcareous Soil

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Pedosphere 2013年第2期23卷 205-212页

作者： QIU Shao-Jun JU Xiao-Tang J.INGWERSEN GUO Zi-De C.F.STANGE R.BISHARAT T.STRECK P.CHRISTIE ZHANG Fu-Suo College of Agricultural Resources and Environmental Sciences China Agricultural University Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of plant nutrition and Fertilizer Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional PlanningChinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Institute of Soil Science and Land Evaluation University of Hohenheim Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources Agri-Environment Branch Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute

Excessive amounts of nitrate have accumulated in many soils on the North China Plain due to the large amounts of chemical N fertilizers or manures used in combination with low carbon inputs. We investigated the potential of different carbon substrates added to transform soil nitrate into soil organic N （SON）. A 56-d laboratory incubation experiment using the 15N tracer （K15NO3） technique was carried out to elucidate the proportion of SON derived from accumulated soil nitrate following amendment with glucose or maize straw at controlled soil temperature and moisture. The dynamics and isotopic abundance of mineral N （NO3 and NH4＋） and SON and greenhouse gas （N20 and CO2） emissions during the incubation were investigated. Although carbon amendments markedly stimulated transformation of nitrate to newly formed SON, this was only a substitution effect of the newly formed SON with native SON because SON at the end of the incubation period was not significantly different （P 〉 0.05） from that in control soil without added C. At the end of the incubation period, amendment with glucose, a readily available C source, increased nitrate immobilization by 2.65 times and total N20-N emission by 33.7 times, as compared with maize straw amendment. Moreover, the differences in SON and total N20-N emission between the treatments with glucose and maize straw were significant （P 〈 0.05）. However, the total N20-N emission in the straw treatment was not significantly （P ~ 0.05） greater than that in the control. Straw amendment may be a potential option in agricultural practice for transformation of nitrate N to SON and minimization of N20 emitted as well as restriction of NO3-N leaching.

关键词： available C source carbon amendments greenhouse gases N immobilization 15N tracer

Effects of Soluble Silicate and Nanosilica Application on Rice nutrition in an Oxisol

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Pedosphere 2018年第4期28卷 597-606页

作者： Rita de Cassia FELIX ALVAREZ Renato de Mello PRADO Guilherme FELISBERTO Angelica Cristina FERNANDES DEUS Raimundo Leonardo LIMA DE OLIVEIRA Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul Chapadao do Sul 79560-000 (Brazil) University of the State of Sao Paulo UNESP School of Agronomic Sciences Department of Soils and Fertilizers Jaboticabal 14884-900 (Brazil)

Silicon （Si） has been supplied to plants via application of calcium silicate to soil; however, high doses of calcium silicate are required because of its low solubility. Nanoparticles can reduce Si doses and be applied to seeding furrows. This study investigated the effects of liquid Si sources, i.e., highly soluble silicate （115.2 g L^-1 Si and 60.5 g L^-1 Na20） and nanosilica （〈 200 nm）, on Si uptake by rice plants, plant lignification, plant C：N：P stoichiometry, plant physiology, and grain yield using an Oxisol under greanhouse condistions. The treatments included the application of nanosilica and soluble silicate to seeding furrows at Si doses of 0, 605, 1210, and 2 420 g ha^-1. plant uptake and treatment effects were evaluated by measuring C and lignin contents, Si, N, and P accumulation, physiological characteristics, and grain yield of rice. The deposition of silica bodies and amorphous silica in the flag leaves was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy. Application of liquid Si increased Si accumulation in rice by 47.3% in relation to the control （0 g ha^-1 Si）, regardless of the Si sources used. Nanosilica application increased leaf lignin content by 112.7% when compared to that in the control. Silicon moderately affected the net C assimilation （increased by 1.83%） and transpiration rates （increased by 48.3%）; however, Si influenced neither plant growth nor grain yield of rice. These results are explained by the lack of biotic or abiotic stress in rice plants during the experiment. To the best of our knowledge, in Brazilian agriculture, this is the first report on the use of nanosilica as a Si fertilizer and its effect on plant nutrition. This study provides evidence that rice plants absorb and accumulate nanoparticles; however, further studies are required to investigate the use of nanoparticles in other plant species.

关键词： C:N:P stoichiometry grain yield leaf lignin net C assimilation plant physiology silicon source

Regulation of Phosphate Starvation Responses in plants： Signaling Players and Cross-Talks

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Molecular plant 2010年第2期3卷 288-299页

作者： Hatem Rouached A. Bulak Arpat Yves Poirier Department of plant Molecular Biology University of Lausanne CH-1015 Lausanne Switzerland

Phosphate （Pi） availability is a major factor limiting growth, development, and productivity of plants. In both ecological and agricultural contexts, plants often grow in soils with low soluble phosphate content. plants respond to this situation by a series of developmental and metabolic adaptations that are aimed at increasing the acquisition of this vital nutrient from the soil, as well as to sustain plant growth and survival. The development of a comprehensive understanding of how plants sense phosphate deficiency and coordinate the responses via signaling pathways has become of major interest, and a number of signaling players and networks have begun to surface for the regulation of the phosphate- deficiency response. In practice, application of such knowledge to improve plant Pi nutrition is hindered by complex cross-talks, which are emerging in the face of new data, such as the coordination of the phosphate-deficiency signaling networks with those involved with hormones, photo-assimilates （sugar）, as well as with the homeostasis of other ions, such as iron. In this review, we focus on these cross-talks and on recent progress in discovering new signaling players involved in the Pi-starvation responses, such as proteins having SPX domains.

关键词： Phosphate signaling SPX iron phytohormones.

Long-term rice-rice-green manure rotation changing the microbial communities in typical red paddy soil in South China

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2015年第12期14卷 2512-2520页

作者： GAO Song-juan ZHANG Ren-gang CAO Wei-dong FAN Yuan-yuan GAO Ju-sheng HUANG Jing BAI Jin-shun ZENG Nao-hua CHANG Dan-na Shimizu Katsu-yoshi Kristian Thorup-Kristensen Key Laboratory of plant nutrition and Fertilizer Ministry of AgricultureInstitute of Agricultural Resources and Regional PlanningChinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences The Graduate School Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences College of Life Science and Technology Beijing University of Chemical Technology Soil and Fertilizer Institute Qinghai Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences Qinghai University College of Resources and Environmental Sciences China Agricultural University Red Soil Experimental Station in Hengyang Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Faculty of Agriculture Kagoshima University Department of plant and Environmental Sciences University of Copenhagen

On the basis of a long-term（30 years） field experiment that involved four rotation systems, rice-rice-winter fallow（RRF）, rice-rice-ryegrass（RRG）, rice-rice-rape（RRP）, and rice-rice-milk vetch（RRV）, this study described the effects of green manure on the microbial communities in the red paddy soils using 454 pyrosequencing for the 16 S r RNA gene. The Chao1 richness and non-parametric Shannon＇s index increased in all soil samples that received green manure treatments. The communities＇ structures with the green manure applications were significantly dissimilar from that under the winter fallow. Using Metastats tests, many genera in the RRG, RRP and RRV soils were significantly different from those in the RRF soil, including a number of genera that functioned in the nitrogen and sulfur cycles. Analyses of the genera with these functions revealed the shifts in microbial ecosystem functions after long-term green manuring. Changes in the microbial communities increased the ammonium supply and decreased the soil acidification in green-manure-amended soils. Together, these data suggested powerful effects of green manure on both the microbial communities and the biogeochemical cycle driven by the shifts in bacterial functional groups.

关键词： green manure community structure community function 16S rRNA gene double rice

Conservation education and habitat restoration for the endangered Sagalla caecilian （Boulengerula niedeni） in Sagalla Hill, Kenya

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Zoological Research 2016年第3期37卷 159-166页

作者： Patrick K Malonza Herpetology section National Museums of Kenya 40658-00100 Nairobi KENYA. kmalonza@museums.or.ke.

The Sagalla caecilian （Boulengerula niedeni） is an endangered amphibian endemic to Sagalla Hill in the Taita Hills. This burrowing worm-like species prefers soft soil with high moisture and organic matter. The major threats to the Sagalla caecilian are soil erosion caused by steep slopes, bare ground and water siphoning/soil hardening from exotic eucalyptus trees. The purpose of this study was to get a better understanding of the local people＇s attitude towards this species and how they can contribute to its continued conservation through restoration of its remaining habitat. In this study, it was found that 96% of Sagalla people are aware of the species, its habits and its association with soils high in organic matter. It was also found that 96% of Sagalla people use organic manure from cow dung in their farms. Habitat restoration through planting of indigenous plants was found to be ongoing, especially on compounds of public institutions as well as on private lands. Although drought was found to be a challenge for seedlings development especially on the low elevation sites, destruction by livestock especially during the dry season is also a major threat. In this study, it was recommended that any future habitat restoration initiative should include strong chain-link fencing to protect the seedlings from livestock activity. Recognizing that the preferred habitats for the species are in the valleys, systematic planting of keystone plant species such as fig trees （Ficus） creates the best microhabitats. These are better than general woodlots of indigenous trees.

关键词： Local people Caecilian Awareness,Protection, Habitat rehabilitation