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Characteristics and Source Analysis of soil Heavy Metal pollution in a Mining Area

Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2022年第3期10卷 159-176页

作者： Haichan Yang Chunyu Dong Hao Zhang Honglin Luo Jiaqi Li Jiao Yin Xinxing Dong Zhaoxia Wei Naiming Zhang Li Bao Yunnan Agricultural University Kunming China Yunnan Laboratory of Improvement of soil Fertility and pollution Remediation Kunming China

It is of great significance to study the degree and source of soil heavy metal pollution in geological high background value area for remediation of local contaminated soil. The 0 - 20 cm topsoil was taken around the mining area, and the contents of Pb, Zn, Ni, Cd, Hg, Cu and As in the soil were measured. Single-factor pollution index, Nemeiro comprehensive pollution index and potential ecological risk index were used to evaluate the degree of heavy metal pollution and ecological risk. Finally, multivariate statistical analysis was used to analyze the sources of soil heavy metals. The results show that the measured elements are polluted to different degrees, mainly due to the ecological environment problems caused by extensive mining development methods and inefficient utilization of resources. The key link is the release of pollutants at the source. Effectively blocking the release at the source can cut off the possibility of pollutants entering the food chain and the circulation of materials in the ecosystem. The results of potential ecological risk index showed that the potential ecological damage of seven heavy metals was ranked as follows: Cd (97.67) > Hg (68.97) > As (14.29) > Pb (11.55) > Ni (4.62) > Zn (1.61) > Cu (1.45) had a high ecological risk coefficient, and the potential comprehensive ecological risk index was 200.16 and the degree was medium. Principal component analysis shows that the sources of heavy metals are divided into Pb, Cd, As, Zn and Hg mainly from human activities such As mining, while Ni and Cu mainly come from soil parent materials, mining and agricultural activities.

关键词： soil Heavy Metals pollution Assessment Ecological Risk Source Analysis

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Remediation of soil heavily polluted with polychlorinated biphenyls using a low-temperature plasma technique

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2014年第2期8卷 277-283页

作者： Xiuhua LI Haibo ZHANG Yongming LUO Ying TENG Key Laboratory of soil Environment and pollution Remediation Institute of Soil Science Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing 210008 China

Polychlorinated biphenyls （PCBs） were removed by low-temperature plasma technique （dielectric barrier discharge） from heavily polluted soil and their intermediate products were analyzed. The removal rate ranged from 40.1 to 84.6% by different treatments, and they were also influenced significantly （P 〈 0.01） by soil particle-size, electric power, gas flow rate and reaction time. The optimal reaction conditions of PCB removal from the soil were obtained experimentally when soil particle-size, electrical power, flow rate and reaction time were 5-10mm, 21w, 120mL. rain and 90rain, respectively. However, decreasing electrical power, flow rate and reaction time to 18 w, 60 mL. min- and 60 min respectively were also acceptable in view of the cost of remediation. This technique was characterized by the additional advantage of thorough oxidation of PCBs in the soil, with no formation of intermediate products after reaction. The technique therefore shows some promise for application in the remediation of soils contaminated with persistent organic pollutants in brown field sites in urban areas.

关键词： polychlorinated biphenyls low-temperature plasma soil contamination intermediate products

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Growth,Cadmium and Zinc Accumulation of Ornamental Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) in Contaminated soil with Different Amendments

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Pedosphere 2012年第5期22卷 631-639页

作者： HAO Xiu-Zhen ZHOU Dong-Mei LI Dan-Dan JIANG Ping Key Laboratory of soil Environment and pollution Remediation Institute of Soil ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210008(China)

Use of ornamental plants for phytoremediation of metal-contaminated soil is a new option. A pot experiment was carried out to assess the effect of application of amendments, i.e., swine manure, salicylic acid （SA） and potassium chloride （KC1）, on the growth, uptake and translocation of cadmium （Cd） and zinc （Zn） of ornamental sunflower （Helianthus annuus L.） grown on a contaminated soil. The three amendments increased sunflower height, flower diameter, and biomass. Manure significantly decreased Cd and Zn concentrations in sunflower, and thus decreased the bioaccumulation coefficient （BCF） of Cd and Zn. However, using of KC1 markedly increased Cd concentrations in sunflower and the BCF of Cd. Additionally, both swine manure and KC1 application increased Cd and Zn translocation from root to aboveground part. Swine manure and salicylic acid reduced the Cd/Zn ratios in flower of sunflower, while KC1 significantly increased the Cd/Zn ratios. Correlation analysis demonstrated that the Cd/Zn ratio in the root of sunflower was affected by K/Na ratio in root and soil available potassium （K） concentration. Ornamental sunflower could be grown as an alternative plant in the Cd- and Zn-contaminated soil with KC1 application to get the balance between environmental and economic interests.

关键词： Cd/Zn ratio fertilizer heavy metals manure remediation

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Two selenium tolerant Lysinibacillus sp. strains are capable of reducing selenite to elemental Se efficiently under aerobic conditions

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2019年第3期31卷 238-249页

作者： Ju Zhang Yue Wang Zongyuan Shao Jing Li Shuting Zan Shoubiao Zhou Ruyi Yang College of Environmental Science and Engineering Anhui Normal University Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory of water and soil pollution Control and Remediation Anhui Normal University Institute of Functional Food Anhui Normal University

Microbes play important roles in the transport and transformation of selenium(Se) in the environment, thereby influencing plant resistance to Se and Se accumulation in plant. The objectives are to characterize the bacteria with high Se tolerance and reduction capacity and explore the significance of microbial origins on their Se tolerance, reduction rate and efficiency. Two bacterial strains were isolated from a naturally occurred Se-rich soil at tea orchard in southern Anhui Province, China. The reduction kinetics of selenite was investigated and the reducing product was characterized using scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectroscopy. The bacteria were identified as Lysinibacillus xylanilyticus and Lysinibacillus macrolides,respectively, using morphological, physiological and molecular methods. The results showed that the minimal inhibitory concentrations(MICs) of selenite for L. xylanilyticus and L. macrolides were 120 and 220 mmol/L, respectively, while MICs of selenate for *** and L. macrolides were 800 and 700 mmol/L, respectively. Both strains aerobically reduced selenite with an initial concentration of 1.0 mmol/L to elemental Se nanoparticles(SeNPs) completely within 36 hr. Biogenic SeNPs were observed both inside and outside the cells suggesting either an intra-or extracellular reduction process. Our study implied that the microbes from Se-rich environments were more tolerant to Se and generally quicker and more efficient than those from Se-free habitats in the reduction of Se oxyanions. The bacterial strains with high Se reduction capacity and the biological synthesized Se NPs would have potential applications in agriculture, food, environment and medicine.

关键词： Selenium tolerant bacteria Selenite reduction Nanoparticles Reduction rate Reduction efficiency Sources

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Influence of metal ions on sulfonamide antibiotics biochemical behavior in fiber coexisting system

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2019年第6期31卷 267-276页

作者： Lan Zhang Ruihuan Chen Yun Liu Youjun Deng Zhongpei Li Yuanhua Dong Key Laboratory of soil Environment and pollution Remediation Institute of Soil Science Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Department of soil and Crop Sciences Texas A&M University

Metal ions and fiber are common compounds in the livestock and poultry manure,which will affect the fate of organic compounds in aqueous environment. However,limited research has addressed the effect of coexisting metal ions and fiber on the biodegradation of sulfonamide antibiotics. Accordingly, a compositing study was performed to assess the effect of metal ions(Fe3+and Cu2+) on the biodegradation of sulfadimethoxine sodium salt(SDM) in the presence of fiber. The enhanced adsorption of SDM onto fiber in the presence of metal ions can be attributed to the π+–π electron donor acceptor(EDA) interaction. The microbial(Phanerochaete chrysosprium) could easily attach onto fiber forming attached microbial, and the degradation rates of SDM of immobilized bacteria in the presence of Fe3 +were 100%, which were significantly higher than those of free bacteria(45%). This study indicates that Fe3 +and fiber could enhance the biodegradation of SDM. Fiber acts as adsorbent, carrier, and substrate which enhanced the removal of SDM.

关键词： Adsorption mechanism Co-biodegradation Luffa fiber White-rot fungus

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Toxicity of lead pollution to the collembolan Folsomia candida in Ferri-Udic Cambosols

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Pedosphere 2021年第4期31卷 627-637页

作者： Ying DING Zhu LI Xin KE Longhua WU Shengpeng ZUO Key Laboratory of soil Environment and pollution Remediation Institute of Soil ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210008(China) College of Environmental Science and Engineering Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Water and Soil Pollution Control and RemediationAnhui Normal UniversityWuhu 241003(China) Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology Shanghai Institute for Biological SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200032(China)

Toxic effect of lead(Pb) pollution on Collembola in soils has seldom been studied in depth, which is especially true for growth responses since the juveniles are very small and numerous. A single species test was conducted using the collembolan Folsomia candida as the indicator species, and soil Pb pollution(at Pb concentrations of 0, 300, 600, 1 200, 2 400, and 4 800 mg kg^(-1)) was simulated by mixing Pb(NO_(3))_(2) with a natural unpolluted soil. Adult survival, reproduction, body length, and body Pb concentration were determined. Adult survival and reproduction started to decrease at soil Pb concentrations of 1 200 and 600 mg kg^(-1), respectively. Lead concentrations in adult and juvenile bodies increased with increasing Pb concentration in soil. The percentage and individual abundances based on body length analysis showed that the larger adults(2.1–2.6 mm, P soil Pb concentration than the intermediate(1.9–2.1 mm, P soil Pb concentration than the intermediate(0.6–1.0 mm, P soil Pb concentration, suggesting that larger individuals were more sensitive to soil Pb pollution. Therefore, body length features, especially the percentage and abundance of larger individuals, would be potential bio-indicators of soil Pb pollution and possibly other types of soil pollution.

关键词： bio-indicators body length Collembola large individuals soil Pb pollution

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Wien Effect Characterization of Interactions Between Ions and Charged Sites on Clay Surfaces of Variable-Charge soils

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Pedosphere 2009年第5期19卷 545-553页

作者： ZHU Hao-Wen WANG Yu-Jun ZHOU Jun JIANG Jun LI Cheng-Bao ZHOU Dong-Mei S. P. FRIEDMAN Key Laboratory of soil Environment and pollution Remediation Institute of Soil Science Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing 210008 (China) State Key Laboratory of soil and Sustainable Agriculture Institute of Soil Science Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing 210008 (China) Institute of soil Water and Environmental Sciences Agricultural Research Organization the Volcani Center Bet Dagan 50250 (Israel)

To investigate the interactions of oppositely charged sites on the surfaces of variable-charge soil particles with cations and anions, and to evaluate the mean Gibbs free binding and adsorption energies of various cations on particles of red soil and latosol, clay fractions smaller than 2 μm were separated from samples of the two variable-charge soils. Ferric oxides were removed from part of the clay fractions, which were then saturated with various chlorides （NaC1, KCl, CaCl2, CdCl2 or LaCl3）. Electrical conductivities （EC） of dilute suspensions of the original and of the iron oxides-free clay fractions in deionized water were measured with the SHP-2 short high-voltage pulse apparatus, which enables measurement of the Wien effect at field strengths （E） from 14 to 250 kV cm^-1. The Wien effect （EC-E） curves revealed EC increases of red soil suspensions between 14 and 200 kV cm^-1, of 8.3, 8.4, 12.1, 5.9, and 1.2 μS cm^-1 for NaCl, KCl, CaCl2, CdCl2, and LaCl3, respectively, reflecting the differing interactions with the various cations and chloride. The EC increments with the iron-free red soil suspensions were higher, being 29.7, 17.2, and 15.3 μS cm^-1 for NaCl, CaCl2, and CdCl2, respectively. In the natural latosol suspensions the EC increments were practically zero, whereas in the iron-free fractions there were significant EC increments of 10.3, 5.7, 5.0, and 1.6μS cm^-1 for NaCl, CaCl2, CdCl2, and LaCl3, respectively.

关键词： electrical conductivity field strength iron oxide overlapping ζ potential

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Contamination of Phthalate Esters in Vegetable Agriculture and Human Cumulative Risk Assessment

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Pedosphere 2017年第3期27卷 439-451页

作者： CHEN Ning SHUAI Wenjuan HAO Xinmei ZHANG Huichun ZHOU Dongmei GAO Juan Key Laboratory of soil Environment and pollution Remediation Institute of Soil Science Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences College of water Resources and Civil Engineering China Agricultural University Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Temple University

Phthalate esters （PAEs）, which can disturb human endocrine system, have been widely detected in vegetable greenhouse agriculture in China. To investigate the effects of environmental factors on PAEs in soils, pollution sources were identified, and the cumulative risks of PAEs to humans through vegetables in the diet were evaluated in this study. Ninety-eight vegetable samples were collected from 10 markets along with 128 vegetable and 111 soil samples from agricultural greenhouses and open field. All soil and vegetable samples were contaminated with PAEs, and the total concentrations of the 5 PAEs, including dimethyl phthalate （DMP）, diethyl phthalate （DEP）, di-iso-butyl phthalate （DiBP）, di-n-butyl phthalate （DnBP）, and di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate （DEHP）, were in the ranges of 0.26-2.53 mg kg-1 for soils and 0.95-8.09 mg kg-1 for vegetables. Three components extracted from principle component analysis could explain 51.2%, 19.8%, and 15.3% of the total variance of the 5 PAEs in soils, which may represent three major sources of PAEs, i.e., wastewater irrigation, application of fertilizers and pesticides, and plastic film. Long-term greenhouse cultivation could accumulate DEHP in soils, and a higher soil FeOx content reduced the DnBP concentration. Based on a survey of vegetables in the diet, the hazard index of PAEs was 〈 0.15 for individuals in different cities. The exposure of PAEs through vegetable intake was higher than the total exposure from other food stuffS, inhalation, and dermal absorption. More attention should be g!ven to controlling PAEs in greenhouse vegetables.

关键词： average daily intake dietary survey environmental factors greenhouse agriculture hazard index

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Effect of Farming Practices on the Variability of Phosphorus Status in Intensively Managed soils

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Pedosphere 2015年第3期25卷 438-449页

作者： SUN Wei-Xia HUANG Biao QU Ming-Kai TIAN Kang YAO Li-Peng FU Ming-Ming YIN Li-Ping Key Laboratory of soil Environment and pollution Remediation Institute of Soil ScienceChinese Academy of Sciences soil and Fertilizer Technology Extension Center Bureau of Agriculture of Rugao County

Phosphorus(P) in agricultural soils is an important factor for soil quality and environmental protection. Understanding of P and its fractions in soils on a regional scale is imperative for effective management or utilization of P and the improvement of P availability in soils. To study spatial variability and changes of soil P and its fractions as affected by farming practices, soil samples were taken in Rugao County, Jiangsu Province of China, an intensive agricultural area in the Yangtze River Delta region, in years of 1982(n = 1 514), 1997(n = 1 651), and 2002(n = 342). High spatial variabilities of Olsen P and total P(TP) were observed throughout the study area. Loamy Stagnic Anthrosols and clay or loamy Aquic Cambosols had significantly higher concentrations of Olsen P and TP than sandy Ustic Cambosols and Aquic Cambosols. Olsen P and TP were increased from 1982 to 2002. The accumulations of Olsen P and TP in the cultivated soils were likely related to the increased application of P fertilizer, organic input,and soil incorporation of crop residues as well as conversion of soil use. Accumulated soil P was dominantly in labile and semi-labile P fractions. These P fractions may be utilized by future crop production by adjusting management practices, but they also pose a serious threat to nearby water bodies. Future strategies should include decreasing P fertilization in soils and supporting sustainable management. The information from this study can be used to monitor changes in soil fertility and environmental risks so that the use of fertilizers can become more rational.

关键词： agriculture management Olsen phosphorus phosphorus availability phosphorus fractionation total phosphorus

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Root-associated(rhizosphere and endosphere) microbiomes of the Miscanthus sinensis and their response to the heavy metal contamination

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2021年第6期33卷 387-398页

作者： Xiaoxu Sun Benru Song Rui Xu Miaomiao Zhang Pin Gao Hanzhi Lin Weimin Sun National-Regional Joint Engineering Research Center for soil pollution Control and Remediation in South China Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control and ManagementInstitute of Eco-environmental and Soil SciencesGuangdong Academy of SciencesGuangzhou 510650China

The plant root-associated microbiomes, including both the rhizosphere and the root endosphere microbial community, are considered as a critical extension of the plant genome. Comparing to the well-studied rhizosphere microbiome, the understanding of the root endophytic microbiome is still in its infancy. Miscanthus sinensis is a pioneering plant that could thrive on metal contaminated lands and holds the potential for phytoremediation applications. Characterizing its root-associated microbiome, especially the root endophytic microbiome, could provide pivotal knowledge for phytoremediation of mine tailings. In the current study, M. sinensis residing in two Pb/Zn tailings and one uncontaminated site were collected. The results demonstrated that the metal contaminant fractions exposed strong impacts on the microbial community structures. Their influences on the microbial community, however, gradually decreases from the bulk soil through the rhizosphere soil and finally to the endosphere, which resulting in distinct root endophytic microbial community structures compared to both the bulk and rhizosphere soil. Diverse members affiliated with the order Rhizobiales was identified as the core microbiome residing in the root of M. sinensis. In addition, enrichment of plant-growth promoting functions within the root endosphere were predicted, suggesting the root endophytes may provide critical services to the host plant. The current study provides new insights into taxonomy and potential functions of the root-associated microbiomes of the pioneer plant, M. sinensis, which may facilitate future phytoremediation practices.

关键词： Tailing Miscanthus sinensis Root endosphere Metal(loid)s contamination

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