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Runoff and Infiltration responses of revegetated slopes to clipping management on the northern Loess Plateau

International soil and water conservation research 2024年第1期12卷 171-183页

作者： Qilin He Binbin Li Fengbao Zhang Nan Shen Mingyi Yang The research Center of soil and water conservation and Ecological Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of EducationYanglingShaanxi712100China institute of soil and water conservation Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water ResourcesYanglingShaanxi712100China institute of soil and water conservation Northwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxi712100China water and soil conservation Monitoring Center of Ministry of water Resources Beijing100053China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049China

Large-scale vegetation restoration can reduce local watershed water yield,limit vegetation establishment and subsequent growth,and influence regional ecosystem *** management by reducing aboveground parts of grassland was gradually recommended and adopted in Grain-for-Green project management to offset these additional ***,scientific evaluation of the effectiveness of clipping management on infiltration and runoff processes is necessary for maintaining the stability of the surface water system and the sustainability of vegetation restoration in semi-arid regions.A field simulated rainfall experiment was conducted with four managed clipping grasslands(mainly bunge needlegrass and Stipa grandis),including no clipping,light clipping,heavy clipping,and complete clipping under three slope gradients(10,20,and 30°)and three rainfall intensities(60,90,and 120 mm/h)to explore the mechanism of runoff and infiltration responses to clipping using structural equation modeling and variation partitioning based on an SCS-CN *** results showed the runoff coefficient of the light clipping,heavy clipping,and complete clipping plots were 1.33,2.22,and 4.22 times that of the no clipping *** light clipping,heavy clipping,and complete clipping plots decreased the infiltration coefficients by 0%,5%,and 26%relative to the no clipping *** intensity dominated runoff and infiltration amounts,and clipping intensity's total effect was stronger than slope *** intensity and slope gradient were more influential on runoff with increasing rainfall *** mutual inhibition effect was between clipping intensity and slope gradient on *** order to maintain the sustainability of restoration,a 25-50%vegetation coverage after clipping maximizes the benefits of increasing runoff and maintaining enough soil water supply that prevents possible soil *** propose that future vegetation restoration policies should evaluate the appropriat

关键词： Runoff Infiltration Grassland clipping management SCS-CN model Structural equation model Variation partitioning

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Reasonable grazing may balance the conflict between grassland utilization and soil conservation in the semi-arid hilly areas, China

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Journal of Arid Land 2024年第8期16卷 1130-1146页

作者： SUN Hui ZHAO Yunge GAO Liqian XU Mingxiang College of Forestry Northwest A&F UniversityYangling 712100China College of soil and water conservation Science and Engineering Institute of Soil and Water ConservationNorthwest A&F UniversityYangling 712100China

soil erosion caused by unsustainable grazing is a major driver of grassland ecosystem degradation in many semi-arid hilly areas in ***,grazing exclusion is considered as an effective method for solving this issue in such ***,some ecological and economic problems,such as slow grassland rejuvenation and limited economic conditions,have become obstacles for the sustainable utilization of grassland ***,we hypothesized that the conflict between grassland use and soil conservation may be balanced by a reasonable grazing *** this study,a two-year grazing fence experiment with five grazing intensity gradients was conducted in a typical grassland of the Loess Plateau in China to evaluate the responses of vegetation characteristics and soil and water losses to grazing *** five grazing intensity gradients were 2.2,3.0,4.2,6.7,and 16.7 goats/hm2,which were represented by G1-G5,respectively,and no grazing was used as *** results showed that a reasonable grazing intensity was conducive to the sustainable utilization of grassland *** biomass under G1-G4 grazing intensity significantly increased by 51.9%,42.1%,36.9%,and 36.7%,respectively,compared with *** addition,vegetation coverage increased by 19.6%under G1 grazing *** diversity showed a single peak trend with increasing grazing *** Shannon-Wiener diversity index under G1-G4 grazing intensities significantly increased by 22.8%,22.5%,13.3%,and 8.3%,respectively,compared with ***,grazing increased the risk of soil *** with control,runoff yields under G1-G5 grazing intensities increased by 1.4,2.6,2.8,4.3,and 3.9 times,respectively,and sediment yields under G1-G5 grazing intensities were 3.0,13.0,20.8,34.3,and 37.7 times greater,respectively,than those under *** result was mainly attributed to a visible decrease in litter biomass after grazing,which decreased by 50.5%,72.6%,79.0%,80.0%

关键词： fence-controlled grazing rehabilitated grassland vegetation community characteristics soil erosion sediment biocrusts Loess Plateau

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Biocrusts impact soil properties and ecological stoichiometry characteristics in frozen ground regions on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

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soil Ecology Letters 2024年第3期6卷 151-162页

作者： Jiao Ming Yunge Zhao Yingying Sun Zhe Liu The research Center of soil and water conservation and Ecological Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of EducationYangling 712100China College of soil&water conservation Science and Engineering(institute of soil and water conservation) Northwest A&F UniversityYangling 712100China institute of soil and water conservation Chinese Academy of Sciences&Ministry of Water ResourcesYangling 712100China Shaanxi Provincial Land Engineering Construction Group Co. Ltd.Xi'an 710075China

Biocrusts(BSCs)are widely distributed in frozen ground regions on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,and they are considered an important component of cold ***,the specific impacts of BSCs on frozen soil remains relatively *** aim of our study was to clarify the influence of BSCs(light BSCs and dark BSCs in two different succession stages)on the physical properties and ecological stoichiometry characteristics of frozen *** results showed that BSCs increased the silt particle content in 20–40 cm soil layer,leading to a decrease in soil bulk *** the field water capacity increased about 10%–40%compared to bare ***,BSCs significantly increased the contents of soil organic carbon(SOC,22.6–30.8 g kg^(-1))and total nitrogen(TN,2.1–2.8 g kg^(-1))in the upper 40 cm soil layer,both of them were approximately 1.3–2.0 and 1.3–4.0 times higher than those observed in bare ***,BSCs did not have significant influence on soil total phosphorus(TP).BSCs had a significant impact on the stoichiometric ratios within 40 *** C/N ratios of the two types of BSCs ranged from 8.8 to 13.5,the C/P ratios ranged from 6.6 to 13.8,and the N/P ratios ranged from 0.6 to 1.2,which were all higher than those of the bare *** were no significant differences among the C/N,C/P,and N/P ratios between two types of ***,the increment of C/P and N/P ratios of dark BSCs were significantly higher than those of light BSCs within 0–30 cm,which indicated that a reduction in the availability of phosphorus during the later stages of BSCs *** findings provided a theoretical basis for further research on the ecological functions of BSCs in frozen ground regions.

关键词： biocrusts frozen soil soil properties stoichiometry characteristics Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

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soil type and wetting intensity control the enhancement extent of N_(2)O efflux in soil with drought and rewetting cycles

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International soil and water conservation research 2024年第1期12卷 137-144页

作者： Panpan Jiao Lei Yang Zhongwu Li Peng Zheng Xiaodong Nie School of Geographical Sciences Hunan Normal UniversityChangsha 410081China State Key Laboratory of soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau The Research Center of Soil and Water Conservation and Ecological EnvironmentChinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of EducationYangling 712100China institute of soil and water conservation Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water ResourcesYangling 712100China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Key Laboratory of soil Environment and Pollution Remediation Institute of Soil ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210008China

Climate change alters the intensity and frequency of drought and rewetting(D/W)events;however,the influence patterns of D/W on soil N_(2)O efflux in the water-limited area were not fully ***,the impacts of D/W cycles varying in different extent of rewetting and frequency to N_(2)O efflux in two kinds of soil on the Loess Plateau were *** incubation conditions consisted of 1)D/W treatments with four 7-day cycles from 10%water holding capacity(WHC)to 60%WHC or 90%WHC,2)constant moisture of 60%WHC and 90%*** pulse of N_(2)O efflux rate under 10-60%WHC treatment was higher than that under 10-90%WHC treatment in calcic cambisols,while opposite trend was observed in earth-cumuli-orthic ***,the pulse of N_(2)O efflux rate decreased as cycle number increased for different wetting intensities and soil *** direct N_(2)O efflux under 10-60%WHC and 10-90%WHC treatments were 5.49 and 1.89μg N_(2)O-N g^(-1)soil in calcic cambisols,with those being 1.92 and 10.85μg N_(2)O-N g^(-1)soil in earth-cumuli-orthic anthrosols,*** N loss in earth-cumuli-orthic anthrosols was approximately 5.74 times greater than that in calcic cambisols under 10-90%WHC treatment,whereas the N loss under 10-60%WHC treatment was about 2.86 times greater in calcic cambisols than that in earth-cumuli-orthic *** study suggested that extreme rainfall events can enhance the N_(2)O efflux and N loss in agricultural soils on the Loess Plateau in terms of soil type and wetting intensity,which should not be ignored in the N fertilizer management.

关键词： Drought/rewetting cycles N_(2)O efflux Wetting intensity Microbial biomass N Dissolved organic N Loess plateau

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Global patterns of soil phosphatase responses to nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization

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Pedosphere 2024年第1期34卷 200-210页

作者： Xiaomei GOU Yongqing REN Xin QIN Xiaorong WEI Jingjing WANG State Key Laboratory of soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau the Research Center of Soil and Water Conservation and Ecological EnvironmentChinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of EducationYangling 712100China institute of soil and water conservation Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water ResourcesYangling 712100China River and Lake Management Office Shaanxi Provincial Department of Water ResourcesXi'an 710004China College of Natural Resources and Environment Northwest A&F UniversityYangling 712100China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China CAS Center for Excellence in Quaternary Science and Global Change Xi'an 710061China

Hydrolysis of organic phosphorus(P) by soil phosphatases is an important process of P cycling in terrestrial ecosystems, significantly affected by nitrogen(N) and/or P fertilization. However, how soil acid phosphatase(ACP) and alkaline phosphatase(ALP) activities respond to N and/or P fertilization and how these responses vary with climatic regions, ecosystem types, and fertilization management remain unclear. This knowledge gap hinders our ability to assess P cycling and availability from a global perspective. We performed a meta-analysis to evaluate the global patterns of soil ACP and ALP activities in response to N and/or P addition. We also examined how climatic regions(arctic to tropical), ecosystem types(cropland, grassland, and forest), and fertilization management(experiment duration and fertilizer type and application rate) affected changes in soil phosphatases after fertilization. It was shown that N fertilizer resulted in 10.1% ± 2.9% increase in soil ACP activity but a minimal effect on soil ALP activity. In contrast, P fertilizer resulted in 7.7% ± 2.6% decrease in soil ACP activity but a small increase in soil ALP activity. The responses of soil ACP and ALP activities to N and/or P fertilization were largely consistent across climatic regions but varied with ecosystem types and fertilization management, and the effects of ecosystem types and fertilization management were enzyme-dependent. Random forest analysis identified climate(mean annual precipitation and temperature) and change in soil pH as the key factors explaining variations in soil ACP and ALP activities. Therefore, N input and ecosystem types should be explicitly disentangled when assessing terrestrial P cycling.

关键词： acid phosphatase alkaline phosphatase ecosystem type fertilization management meta-analysis phosphorus cycling phosphorus limitation

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Pursuing the goal of carbon neutrality in China:path for realization of carbon sequestration in planted forests

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Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2024年第3期11卷 355-366页

作者： Lei DENG Haitao HU Jiwei LI Xue LI Chunbo HUANG Zhijing YU Hailong ZHANG Qing QU Xiaozhen WANG Lingbo DONG Zhouping SHANGGUAN State Key Laboratory of soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau Northwest A&F UniversityYangling 712100China College of soil and water conservation Science and Engineering(institute of soil and water conservation) Northwest A&F UniversityYangling 712100China Shaanxi Forestry Survey and Planning institute Xi’an 710000China College of Landscape Architecture Northeast Forestry UniversityHarbin 150040China institute of soil and water conservation Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water ResourcesYangling 712100China Key Laboratory of Regional Ecology and Environmental Change School of Geography and Information EngineeringChina University of GeosciencesWuhan 430074China

Tree plantations are an important forest resource that substantively contributes to climate change mitigation and carbon *** the area and standing volume of tree plantations in China have increased,issues such as unreasonable structure,low productivity,limited ecological functionality and diminishing ecological stability have occurred,which hinder the ability of tree plantations to enhance carbon *** study outlined the trajectory of carbon sequestration and its associated benefits in tree plantations by examining the current state of tree plantation establishment and growth,elucidated the strategies for advantages of carbon sequestration and climate change mitigation in planted forests,and summarized the existing problems with tree *** paper underscores the pressing need for concerted efforts to boost carbon sequestration within planted forests and proposes management and development strategies for Chinese tree *** the future,it will be necessary to apply scientific theories to practice and develop multi-objective management optimization models for the high-quality development of tree *** will involve establishing a cohesive national carbon trading market,improving the prediction of carbon sequestration,and identifying priority zones for afforestation and reforestation,to better serve China’s national strategy for achieving peak carbon and carbon neutrality.

关键词： Planted forest carbon stock carbon sequestration carbon management climate change promotion path

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Effects of physical crust on soil detachment by overland flow in the Loess Plateau region of China

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International soil and water conservation research 2024年第1期12卷 107-120页

作者： Jiaxin Liu Liding Chen Bing Wang Xiaoyu Peng School of Ecology and Environmental Science Yunnan UniversityKunming650091China State Key Laboratory of soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau Institute of Soil and Water ConservationNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxi712100China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049China

Physical soil crust(PSC),a key component of surface soil structure,exists extensively in loess *** is considered to have a significant effect on soil detachment ***,the long-term effects and the corresponding mechanisms of PSC on soil detachment by overland flow are still not well understood,especially in natural *** investigate temporal variation in soil erosion resistance and the underlying factors during PSC formation,an 8×8-m soil plot was exposed to natural conditions in the Loess Plateau over a 524-day period spanning two rainy seasons and a winter between them.A flume test was conducted to determine soil detachment capacity(Dc)under six designed flow shear stress levels(5.66-22.11 Pa)using crusted(SC)and non-crusted(NSC)soil samples at different PSC development ***,two soil erosion resistance parameters,rill erodibility(K_(r))and critical shear stress(τ_(c)),were *** time,in the SC and NSC treatments,K_(r)decreased from 0.516 to 0.120 s m^(-1)and 0.521 to 0.223 s m^(-1),respectively,whileτ_(c)increased from 0.49 to 4.42 Pa and 0.26-2.46 Pa,*** in soil erosion resistance was rapid in the first one to two months,and then slowed down,with slight fluctuations *** the SC treatment,K_(r)was 42%lower andτ_(c)was 67%greater than those in the NSC *** properties changed greatly for both *** increased from 0 to 7.09 mm in the SC *** increased from 2.91 to 9.04 kPa and 3.01-4.78 kPa in SC and NSC treatments,*** soil erosion resistance parameters could be well predicted by SCT and Coh in the SC treatment(R^(2)≥0.82),while their best predictor was Coh in the NSC treatment(R^(2)≥0.90).The results demonstrate that PSC formation enhances soil erosion resistance in the soil detachment process in the loess region under natural *** study revealed the important role and complexity of PSC in the process of soil erosion,and provided theor

关键词： Physical soil crust formation soil heterogeneity Rill erodibility Critical shear stress

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Nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization leads to soil arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal diversity changes and rainfed crop yield increase on the Loess Plateau of China:A 37-year study

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Pedosphere 2024年第2期34卷 328-338页

作者： Yi WANG Wenting ZHANG Chunyue LI Shun CHANG Yu MIAO Qianxue LI Zhaoyang KOU Tinghui DANG State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology Institute of Earth EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesXi'an 710061China School of Geography and Tourism Shaanxi Normal UniversityXi'an 710119China institute of soil and water conservation Northwest A&F UniversityYangling 712100China

More than 80%of plants form mutualistic symbiotic relationships with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi(AMF),and the application of fertilizers,such as nitrogen(N)and phosphorus(P)fertilizers,is a common agricultural management practice to improve crop yield and ***,the potential effects of long-term N and P fertilization on the AMF community in the rainfed agricultural system of the Loess Plateau of China are still not well *** this study,a long-term field experiment was conducted based on orthogonal design,with three N levels(0,90,and 180 kg ha^(-1)year^(-1))and three P levels(0,90,and 180 kg ha^(-1)year^(-1))for wheat *** in AMF community and correlations between AMF community composition,soil environmental factors,and wheat yield component traits were analyzed using traditional biochemical methods and high-throughput sequencing *** results showed that long-term N and P addition had a significant effect on the AMF community structure and *** application alone significantly reduced the richness and diversity of AMF community,whereas the combined application of N and P significantly increased the richness and diversity of AMF *** AMF community was driven mainly by soil available P,total P,and *** was a significant positive correlation between Glomus abundance and wheat yield and a significant negative correlation between Paraglomus abundance and wheat ***-term N and P addition directly increased crop yield and affected yield indirectly by influencing soil chemical properties and the AMF *** application of N and P both at90 kg ha^(-1)year^(-1)could improve the ecological and physiological functions of the AMF community and benefit the sustainable development of rainfed agriculture.

关键词： Glomus long-term fertilization microbial community Paraglomus rainfed agriculture wheat

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Assessing Wind Erosion: A Review of Recent Measurement Techniques

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Open Journal of soil Science 2024年第9期14卷 499-529页

作者： Hetti Hewage Suranjith Ariyasena Xuerui Gao Sohail Ahmad Jiaqiong Zhang Xining Zhao College of soil and water conservation Science and Engineering Northwest A&F University Yangling China institute of soil and water conservation Northwest A&F University Yangling China

Wind erosion represents a formidable environmental challenge and has serious negative impacts on soil health and agricultural productivity, particularly in arid and semi-arid areas. The complex dynamics of wind erosion make its large-scale monitoring and quantification a daunting task. To facilitate the monitoring and quantification of wind erosion, various scientific approaches and methods have been employed. These include sophisticated wind erosion equations and models, wind tunnel experiments, and the application of radionuclides. Additionally, researchers have assessed soil physicochemical properties, used anemometers for wind speed measurement, and deployed dust collectors for particle capture. Remote sensing technologies, wind erosion monitoring stations, and evaluations of wind barriers have also been utilized. Recently, the adoption of machine learning methods has gained popularity. Despite their value, each of these techniques has limitations in capturing the full spectrum of the wind erosion process. This paper examines these limitations and assesses the effectiveness of each method in the context of wind erosion studies. It also outlines directions for future research and suggests pathways that could enhance the understanding and management of wind erosion.

关键词： Wind Erosion Wind Erosion Models Remote Sensing Machine Learning

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Response of soil nutrients to terracing and environmental factors in the Loess Plateau of China

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Geography and Sustainability 2024年第2期5卷 230-240页

作者： Die Chen Wei Wei Liding Chen Bojun Ma Hao Li Department of soil and water conservation Changjiang River Scientific Research InstituteWuhan 430010China State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology Research Center for Eco-environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China research Center on Mountain Torrent&Geologic Disaster Prevention of Ministry of water Resources Wuhan 430010China

Terracing is a widely adopted agricultural practice in mountainous regions around the world that aims to conserve soil and water *** nutrients play a crucial role in determining soil quality,particularly in landscapes prone to *** are influenced by factors such as land-use type,slope aspect,and *** this study,we sought to examine the impact of terracing on soil nutrients(soil organic content(SOC),total nitrogen(TN),nitrate-nitrogen(NO_(3)^(-)-N),ammonium nitrogen(NH_(4)^(+)-N),total phosphorus(TP),available phosphorus(AP),total potassium(TK),and available potassium(AK))and how they vary with environmental factors in the Chinese Loess *** the growing season,we collected 540 soil samples from the 0 to 100 cm soil layer across five major land-use types,different slope aspects,and varying ***,a meta-analysis of literature data further corroborated the effective accumulation of soil nutrients through terracing in the Loess *** findings are as follows:(1)Terraced fields,regardless of land-use type,showed a significant improvement in SOC and TN content.(2)soil nutrient contents within terraced fields were predominantly higher on sunny slopes.(3)Terraces at lower altitudes are characterized by elevated SOC concentrations.(4)A meta-analysis of literature data pertaining to terracing and soil nutrients in this region confirmed the effective accumulation of soil nutri-ents through *** elucidated outcomes of this study offer a profound theoretical underpinning for the accurate planning and management of terraces,the scientific utilization of land resources,and the enhancement of land productivity.

关键词： Terrace soil nutrients Land-use Slope aspect Altitude Loess Plateau

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