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CToMP: a cycle-task-oriented memory protection scheme for unmanned systems

science China(Information sciences) 2024年第6期67卷 399-417页

作者： Chengyan MA Ning XI Di LU Yebo FENG Jianfeng MA School of Cyber Engineering Xidian University School of Computer science and Technology Xidian University department of Computer and Information science University of Oregon

Memory corruption attacks(MCAs) refer to malicious behaviors of system intruders that modify the contents of a memory location to disrupt the normal operation of computing systems, causing leakage of sensitive data or perturbations to ongoing processes. Unlike general-purpose systems, unmanned systems cannot deploy complete security protection schemes, due to their limitations in size, cost and *** in unmanned systems are particularly difficult to defend against. Furthermore, MCAs have diverse and unpredictable attack interfaces in unmanned systems, severely impacting digital and physical sectors. In this paper, we first generalize, model and taxonomize MCAs found in unmanned systems currently, laying the foundation for designing a portable and general defense approach. According to different attack mechanisms,we found that MCAs are mainly categorized into two types — return2libc and return2shellcode. To tackle return2libc attacks, we model the erratic operation of unmanned systems with cycles and then propose a cycle-task-oriented memory protection(CToMP) approach to protect control flows from tampering. To defend against return2shellcode attacks, we introduce a secure process stack with a randomized memory address by leveraging the memory pool to prevent Shellcode from being executed. Moreover, we discuss the mechanism by which CTo MP resists the return-oriented programming(ROP) attack, a novel variant of return2libc attacks. Finally, we implement CTo MP on CUAV V5+ with Ardupilot and Crazyflie. The evaluation and security analysis results demonstrate that the proposed approach CTo MP is resilient to various MCAs in unmanned systems with low footprints and system overhead.

关键词： unmanned system memory corruption attack memory protection system security randomized memory address

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Litterfall production modeling based on climatic variables and nutrient return from stands of Eucalyptus grandis Hill ex Maiden and Pinus taeda L.

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Journal of Forestry Research 2024年第5期35卷 26-36页

作者： Andrés Baietto Andrés Hirigoyen Jorge Hernández Amabelia del Pino Forest department Faculty of AgronomyUniversity of the Republic12900 MontevideoUruguay National Research Program of Forest Production National Agriculture Research InstituteINIA97000 TacuarembóUruguay soil and Water department Faculty of AgronomyUniversity of the Republic12900 MontevideoUruguay

Native grasslands in the Pampas of South America are increasingly being replaced by Eucalyptus and Pinus *** short rotation regimes used for the stands require high nutrient levels,with litterfall being a major source of nutrient *** model the litterfall production using climatic variables and assess the nutrient return in 14-year-old Eucalyptus grandis and Pinus taeda stands,we measured litter production over 2 years,using conical litter traps,and monitored climatic *** temperature,accumulated precipitation,and mean maximum vapor pres-sure deficit at the seasonal level influenced litterfall produc-tion by ***;seasonal accumulated precipitation and mean maximum temperature affected litterfall by *** regression tree modeling based on these climatic vari-ables had great accuracy and predictive power for ***(N=33;MAE(mean absolute error)=0.65;RMSE(root mean square error)=0.91;R^(2)=0.71)and ***(N=108;MAE=1.50;RMSE=1.59;R^(2)=0.72).The nutrient return followed a similar pattern to litterfall deposition,as well as the order of importance of macronutrients(***:Ca>N>K>Mg>P;***:N>Ca>K>Mg>P)and micronutrients(*** and ***:Mn>Fe>Zn>Cu)in both *** study constitutes a first approximation of factors that affect litterfall and nutrient return in these systems.

关键词： Afforestation Litterfall Nutrient recycling Climate modeling Myrtaceae Pinaceae

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The modulatory effect of oolong tea polyphenols on intestinal flora and hypothalamus gene expression in a circadian rhythm disturbance mouse model

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Food science and Human Wellness 2024年第2期13卷 748-764页

作者： Ruonan Yan Chi-Tang Ho Yanan Liu Shengnan Zhan Zufang Wu Xin Zhang department of Food science and Engineering Ningbo UniversityNingbo 315211China department of Food science Rutgers UniversityNew BrunswickNew Jersey 08901USA

The interaction between host circadian rhythm and gut microbes through the gut-brain axis provides new clues for tea polyphenols to improve host *** present research showed that oolong tea polyphenols(OTP)improved the structural disorder of the intestinal flora caused by continuous darkness,thereby modulating the production of metabolites related to pyruvate metabolism,glycolysis/gluconeogenesis,and tryptophan metabolism to alleviate the steady-state *** fecal microbiota transplantation from the OTP group,the single-cell transcriptomic analysis revealed that OTP significantly increased the number of hypothalamus cell clusters,up-regulated the number of astrocytes and fibroblasts,and enhanced the expression of circadian rhythm genes Cry2,Per3,Bhlhe41,Nr1d1,Nr1d2,Dbp and Rorb in hypothalamic *** results confirmed that OTP can actively improve the intestinal environmental state as well as internal/peripheral circadian rhythm disorders and cognitive impairment,with potential prebiotic functional characteristics to notably contribute to host health.

关键词： Gut microbiota Circadian rhythm Oolong tea polyphenols Single-cell sequencing Metabolism

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Runoff and Infiltration responses of revegetated slopes to clipping management on the northern Loess Plateau

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International soil and Water Conservation Research 2024年第1期12卷 171-183页

作者： Qilin He Binbin Li Fengbao Zhang Nan Shen Mingyi Yang The Research Center of soil and Water Conservation and Ecological Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of EducationYanglingShaanxi712100China Institute of soil and Water Conservation Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water ResourcesYanglingShaanxi712100China Institute of soil and Water Conservation Northwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxi712100China Water and soil Conservation Monitoring Center of Ministry of Water Resources Beijing100053China University of Chinese Academy of sciences Beijing100049China

Large-scale vegetation restoration can reduce local watershed water yield,limit vegetation establishment and subsequent growth,and influence regional ecosystem *** management by reducing aboveground parts of grassland was gradually recommended and adopted in Grain-for-Green project management to offset these additional ***,scientific evaluation of the effectiveness of clipping management on infiltration and runoff processes is necessary for maintaining the stability of the surface water system and the sustainability of vegetation restoration in semi-arid regions.A field simulated rainfall experiment was conducted with four managed clipping grasslands(mainly bunge needlegrass and Stipa grandis),including no clipping,light clipping,heavy clipping,and complete clipping under three slope gradients(10,20,and 30°)and three rainfall intensities(60,90,and 120 mm/h)to explore the mechanism of runoff and infiltration responses to clipping using structural equation modeling and variation partitioning based on an SCS-CN *** results showed the runoff coefficient of the light clipping,heavy clipping,and complete clipping plots were 1.33,2.22,and 4.22 times that of the no clipping *** light clipping,heavy clipping,and complete clipping plots decreased the infiltration coefficients by 0%,5%,and 26%relative to the no clipping *** intensity dominated runoff and infiltration amounts,and clipping intensity's total effect was stronger than slope *** intensity and slope gradient were more influential on runoff with increasing rainfall *** mutual inhibition effect was between clipping intensity and slope gradient on *** order to maintain the sustainability of restoration,a 25-50%vegetation coverage after clipping maximizes the benefits of increasing runoff and maintaining enough soil water supply that prevents possible soil *** propose that future vegetation restoration policies should evaluate the appropriat

关键词： Runoff Infiltration Grassland clipping management SCS-CN model Structural equation model Variation partitioning

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Enhancing BiVO_(4)photoanode performance by insertion of an epitaxial BiFeO_(3)ferroelectric layer

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第2期89卷 71-78,I0003页

作者： Haejin Jang Yejoon Kim Hojoong Choi Jiwoong Yang Yoonsung Jung Sungkyun Choi Donghyeon Lee Ho Won Jang Sanghan Lee School of Materials science and Engineering Gwangju Institute of Science and TechnologyGwangju 61005Republic of Korea department of Materials science and Engineering Seoul National UniversitySeoul 08826Republic of Korea

BiVO_(4)(BVO)is a promising material as the photoanode for use in photoelectrochemical ***,the high charge recombination and slow charge transfer of the BVO have been obstacles to achieving satisfactory photoelectrochemical *** address this,various modifications have been attempted,including the use of ferroelectric *** materials can form a permanent polarization within the layer,enhancing the separation and transport of photo-excited electron-hole *** this study,we propose a novel approach by depositing an epitaxial BiFeO_(3)(BFO)thin film underneath the BVO thin film(BVO/BFO)to harness the ferroelectric property of *** self-polarization of the inserted BFO thin film simultaneously functions as a buffer layer to enhance charge transport and a hole-blocking layer to reduce charge *** a result,the BVO/BFO photoanodes showed more than 3.5 times higher photocurrent density(0.65 mA cm^(-2))at 1.23 V_(RHE)under the illumination compared to the bare BVO photoanodes(0.18 m A cm^(-2)),which is consistent with the increase of the applied bias photon-to-current conversion efficiencies(ABPE)and the result of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS)*** results can be attributed to the self-polarization exhibited by the inserted BFO thin film,which promoted the charge separation and transfer efficiency of the BVO photoanodes.

关键词： Photoelectrochemical Photoanode BiVO_(4) Ferroelectric materials BiFeO_(3)

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The use of Vis-NIR-SWIR spectroscopy in the prediction of soil available ions after application of rock powder

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Information Processing in Agriculture 2024年第1期11卷 26-44页

作者： Marlon Rodrigues Josiane Carla Argenta Everson Cezar Glaucio Leboso Alemparte Abrantes dos Santos ÖnderÖzal Amanda Silveira Reis Marcos Rafael Nanni department of Agronomy State University of MaringáColombo AvenueMaringá87020900Brazil department of Plant and soil sciences Mississippi State UniversityMS 39762USA International Agricultural Research and Training Center Izmir 35660Turkey

Some of the problems attributed to traditional laboratory analyses that limit the correct assessment of the nutrient contents in the soil are time requirements and high cost of the soil nutrient *** solve these problems,a study was carried out to evaluate the use of visible,near-infrared,and short-wave infrared(Vis-NIR-SWIR)spectroscopy in the prediction of soil available ions submitted to the application of rock *** study was carried out on an Arenosol in ParanavaíCity/***(rock powders)were arranged within a split-plot system designed in randomized blocks with four *** was cultivated for 14 months after the application of rock ***,96 soil samples were collected for measuring the pH and available ions P,K^(+),Ca^(2+),Mg^(2+),S-SO_(4)^(2-),Si,Cu^(2+),Fe^(2+),Mn^(2+),and Zn^(2+)as well as spectral reading through a Vis-NIR-SWIR spectroradiometer to predict the soil chemical attributes through the partial least square regression(PLS)*** results showed that the elements K^(+),Ca^(2+),Mg^(2+),Cu^(2+),and Fe^(2+)could be predicted with a reasonable rightness degree(R^(2)_(p)>0.50,RPDp>1.40)from spectral ***,for the attributes pH,P,S-SO_(4)^(2-),Si,Mn^(2+),and Zn^(2+),there were no satisfactory models(R^(2)_(p)soil fertility since it has advantages such as fast analytical speed,low cost,easy to operate,non-destructive,and environmentally friendly,because it does not use harmful chemicals.

关键词： Alternative inputs Available Ions Multivariate analysis soil Spectroscopy

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EPASAD:ellipsoid decision boundary based Process-Aware Stealthy Attack Detector

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Cybersecurity 2024年第3期7卷 32-48页

作者： Vikas Maurya Rachit Agarwal Saurabh Kumar Sandeep Shukla department of Computer science and Engineering Indian Institute of Technology KanpurkanpurIndia Merkle science BangaloreIndia

Due to the importance of Critical Infrastructure(Cl)in a nation's economy,they have been lucrative targets for cyber *** critical infrastructures are usually Cyber-Physical Systems such as power grids,water,and sewage treatment facilities,oil and gas pipelines,*** recent times,these systems have suffered from cyber attacks numer-ous *** have been developing cyber security solutions for Cls to avoid lasting *** to standard frameworks,cyber security based on identification,protection,detection,response,and recovery are at the core of these *** of an ongoing attack that escapes standard protection such as firewall,anti-virus,and host/network intrusion detection has gained importance as such attacks eventually affect the physical dynamics of the ***,anomaly detection in physical dynamics proves an effective means to implement *** is one example of anomaly detection in the sensor/actuator data,representing such systems physical *** present EPASAD,which improves the detection technique used in PASAD to detect these micro-stealthy attacks,as our experiments show that PASAD's spherical boundary-based detection fails to *** method EPASAD overcomes this by using Ellipsoid boundaries,thereby tightening the boundaries in various dimen-sions,whereas a spherical boundary treats all dimensions *** validate EPASAD using the dataset produced by the TE-process simulator and the C-town *** results show that EPASAD improves PASAD's average recall by 5.8%and 9.5%for the two datasets,respectively.

关键词： Intrusion detection system Critical infrastructure security Industrial control system Machine learning

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Intrinsically topological second Chern insulator via synthetic dimensions

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National science Review 2024年第6期11卷 86-87页

作者： Seokwoo Kim Junsuk Rho department of Mechanical Engineering Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) department of Chemical Engineering Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) department of Electrical Engineering Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH)

Topology, an invariant quantity under continuous deformation, has significantly expanded our understanding of the phases of matter over recent *** concept, extending from quantum mechanics to classical wave platforms,... 详细信息

关键词： 2D

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A shield of defense:Developing ballistic composite panels with effective electromagnetic interference shielding absorption

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2024年第5期35卷 123-136页

作者： Nisrin Rizek Abdelal Mechanical Engineering department Jordan University of Science and TechnologyIrbid 22110Jordan

The primary goal of this study is to develop cost-effective shield materials that offer effective protection against high-velocity ballistic impact and electromagnetic interference(EMI)shielding capabilities through *** fiber-reinforced epoxy composite panels,each with a different fabric material and stacking sequence,have been fabricated using a hand-layup vacuum bagging *** panels made of Kevlar and glass fibers,referred to as(K-NIJ)and(G-NIJ),have been tested according to the National Institute of Justice ballistic resistance protective materials test NIJ 0108.01 Standard-Level IIIA(9 mm×19 mm FMJ 124 g)*** panels,namely,a hybrid of Kevlar and glass(H-S),glass with ceramic particles(C-S),and glass with recycled rubber(R-S)have been impacted by the bullet at the center,while the fourth panel made of glass fiber(G-S)has been impacted at the *** shielding properties have been measured in the X-band frequency range via the reflection-transmission *** indicate that four panels(K-NIJ,G-NIJ,H-S,and G-S)are capable of withstanding high-velocity impact by stopping the bullet from penetrating through the panels while maintaining their structural ***,under such conditions,these panels may experience localized delamination with variable *** EMI measurements reveal that the highest absorptivity observed is 88% for the KNIJ panel at 10.8 GHz,while all panels maintain an average absorptivity above 65%.All panels act as a lossy medium with a peak absorptivity at different frequencies,with K-NIJ and H-S panels demonstrating the highest *** summary,the study results in the development of a novel,costeffective,multifunctional glass fiber epoxy composite that combines ballistic and electromagnetic interference shielding *** material has been developed using a simple manufacturing method and exhibits remarkable ballistic protection that outperforms Kevlar in terms of shielding efficiency;no bullet

关键词： Ballistic FRP composite EMI shielding Absorptivity CT-Scan NIJ test Bullet Defense

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Cold plasma-induced effects on electromagnetic wave scattering in waveguides:a mode-matching analysis

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2024年第3期76卷 144-156页

作者： Shahana Rizvi Muhammad Afzal department of Mathematics Capital University of Science and TechnologyIslamabadPakistan

This article presents advancements in an analytical mode-matching technique for studying electromagnetic wave propagation in a parallel-plate metallic rectangular *** technique involves projecting the solution onto basis functions and solving linear algebraic systems to determine scattering *** accuracy of this method is validated via numerical assessments,which involve the reconstruction of matching conditions and conservation *** study highlights the impact of geometric and material variations on reflection and transmission phenomena in the waveguide.

关键词： electromagnetic waves scattering cold plasma metallic conducting mode-matching technique

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