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From Top-Down to “Community-Centric” Approaches to Early Warning Systems: Exploring Pathways to Improve Disaster Risk Reduction Through Community Participation

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2016年第2期7卷 163-174页

作者： Marie-Ange Baudoin Sarah Henly-Shepard Nishara Fernando Asha Sitati Zinta Zommers African Climate and Development Initiative University of Cape Town Consortium for Capacity Building Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research (INSTAAR) University of Colorado Disaster Resilience L.L.C. Department of sociology University of Colombo Division of Early Warning and Assessment United Nation Environment Programme

Natural hazards and their related impacts can have powerful implications for humanity, particularly communities with deep reliance on natural resources. The development of effective early warning systems(EWS) can contribute to reducing natural hazard impacts on communities by improving risk reduction strategies and ***, current shortcomings in the conception and applications of EWS undermine risk reduction at the grassroots level. This article explores various pathways to involve local communities in EWS from top-down to more participatory approaches. Based on a literature review and three case studies that outline various levels of participation in EWS in Kenya, Hawai'i, and Sri Lanka, the article suggests a need to review the way EWS are designed and applied, promoting a shift from the traditional expert-driven approach to one that is embedded at the grassroots level and driven by the vulnerable communities. Such a community-centric approach also raises multiple challenges linked to a necessary shift of conception of EWS and highlights the need for more research on pathways for sustainable community engagement.

关键词： Early warning system Hawai’i Kenya Natural hazards Participatory approach Risk preparedness Sri Lanka

A perspective on utilizing the minority stress model for HIV and mental health care for men who have sex with men

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2024年第8期17卷 333-334页

作者： Rowalt C.Alibudbud Department of sociology and Behavioral Sciences De La Salle UniversityManilaPhilippines

In 2022,the Joint United Nations programme on HIV/AIDS(UNAIDS)and the World Health Organization(WHO)called upon global,regional,national,and local stakeholders to embrace a holistic approach to person-centered HIV prevention,treatment,and care[1].This approach emphasizes integrating mental health and psychosocial support services into existing frameworks[1].It recognizes the critical role these services play in addressing mental distress and improving the overall well-being and quality of life for people living with HIV[1].In light of men who have sex with men(MSM)remaining a key population affected by HIV[1],it becomes imperative to delve into the shared factors that influence their HIV care and mental health,among which minority stress stands out as a critical consideration.

关键词： prevention distress stress

Assessing resources for implementing a community directed intervention (CDI) strategy in delivering multiple health interventions in urban poor communities in Southwestern Nigeria: a qualitative study

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2013年第1期2卷 195-212页

作者： Ikeoluwapo O Ajayi Ayodele S Jegede Catherine O Falade Johannes Sommerfeld Epidemiology and Biostatistics Research Unit Institute of Medical Research and TrainingCollege of MedicineUniversity of IbadanIbadanNigeria Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics College of MedicineUniversity of IbadanIbadanNigeria Department of sociology The Faculty of Social SciencesUniversity of IbadanIbadanNigeria Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics College of MedicineUniversity of MedicineUniversity of IbadanIbadanNigeria Special programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases(TDR) World Health OrganizationGenevaSwitzerland

Background:Many simple,affordable and effective disease control measures have had limited impact due to poor access especially by the poorer populations(urban and rural)and inadequate community participation.A proven strategy to address the problem of access to health interventions is the Community Directed Interventions(CDI)approach,which has been used successfully in rural *** study was carried out to assess resources for the use of a CDI strategy in delivering health interventions in poorly-served urban communities in Ibadan,***:A formative study was carried out in eight urban poor communities in the Ibadan metropolis in the Oyo *** methods comprising 12 focus group discussions(FGDs)with community members and 73 key informant interviews(KIIs)with community leaders,programme managers,community-based organisations(CBOs),non-government organisations(NGOs)and other stakeholders at federal,state and local government levels were used to collect data to determine prevalent diseases and healthcare delivery services,as well as to explore the potential resources for a CDI *** interviews were audio *** analysis was used to analyse the ***:Malaria,upper respiratory tract infection,diarrhoea and measles were found to be prevalent in children,while hypertension and diabetes topped the list of diseases among *** was financed mainly by out-of-pocket *** and location were identified as hindrances to utilisation of health facilities;informal cooperatives(esusu)were available to support those who could not pay for ***,nutrition,reproductive health,tuberculosis(TB)and leprosy,environmental health,malaria and HIV/AIDs control programmes were the ongoing *** strategies included house-to-house,home-based treatment,health education and *** participation in the planning,implementation and monitoring of development projects was reported as common practic

关键词： Community directed intervention Urban poor Health interventions Community participation

Different pathways of the second demographic transition in four East Asian societies:evidence from the 2006 and 2016 East Asian Social Surveys

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China Population and Development Studies 2022年第4期6卷 373-402页

作者： Weiwen Lai Jing Song Department of sociology Stockholm UniversityStockholmSweden Gender Studies programme The Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong S.A.R.China Shenzhen Research Institute The Chinese University of Hong KongShenzhenChina

This study uses the 2006 and 2016 East Asian Social Surveys to map value changes related to the second demographic transition in China's Mainland,Japan,South Korea,and *** study examines trends in attitudes towards cohabitation,childrearing,and divorce over a 10-year period in the four East Asian *** findings suggest that the second demographic transition,if any in East Asia,is an uneven process between societies,and China's Mainland stands out as the only society in which attitudes had become more conservative,even after controlling for compositional differences in *** the other three societies,attitudes had shifted to be more ***,the study finds little evidence on the diffusion within societies,given their similar trends across different sociodemographic *** an ideational perspective,China's Mainland and the other three East Asian societies illustrated different patterns of attitude changes regarding marriage and *** a behavioral perspective,trends in attitudes do not always align with demographic patterns at the macro level,especially in China's *** studies are needed to understand the nuanced differences in ideational shifts between societies and the relationship between ideational and behavioral changes in East Asia.

关键词： The second demographic transition East Asia Value change:Diffusion Marriage and family

Keeping Up Appearances before the“Other”?Interculturality and Occidentalism in the Educational TV-Program“Happy Chinese”

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Frontiers of Education in China 2012年第4期7卷 553-575页

作者： Fred DERVIN Minghui GAO Department of Teacher Education University of Helsinki00790 HelsinkiFinland Department of sociology University of Turku20520 TurkuFinland

“Happy Chinese”or kuaile hanyu is an educational melodrama produced by the Chinese TV channel CCTV in *** to improve foreign learners’Chinese language skills,the plot revolves around Susan,an American,staying with her former Chinese classmate’s family.“Happy Chinese”proposes both language and cultural *** this paper,the authors are examining the first seven episodes marking Susan’s arrival in China for the Spring *** the study on a postmodern and critical approach to the“intercultural,”as well as on a critical view towards Orientalism and Occidentalism,the authors are interested in how the programme constructs the arrival of the American and the way she is perceived and represented by the“locals.”The authors are also looking into what the Chinese family teaches Susan about being Chinese and,at the same time,the tensions that a certain tendency to“keep up appearances”and appear“real Chinese”before her trigger in the family,across generation and *** research tools used to analyze the data are derived from discursive pragmatics.

关键词： intercultural communication identity Occidentalism Chinese as a foreign language education through media

Household Environment and Malaria in Pregnancy in Ibadan, Nigeria

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Health 2018年第4期10卷 403-421页

作者： Kabiru K. Salami Nneka L. Umego Department of sociology University of Ibadan Ibadan Nigeria

Introduction: Malaria in pregnancy, which enormously creates substantial risks for the mother and her fetus, is a public health problem in Nigeria. Design and Methods: Through questionnaire administration, this cross-sectional survey investigates the influence of the household environment on malaria preventive and treatment behaviors among 300 pregnant women in two selected areas of Oyo State, Nigeria. In addition, four focus group discussions and four in-depth interviews were conducted, all between October 2015 and March, 2016. Results: Findings from the study indicate a positive relationship between income level (P = 0.000), educational level (P = 0.000) and preventive behavior and perception of malaria. There, however, is a negative relationship (P = 0.122) between place of residence and number of malaria episodes of the respondents. A high awareness on the cause of Malaria was recorded in this study, while a low awareness on the consequences of malaria infection in Pregnancy was visible. Conclusion and Recommendation: The household environment of pregnant women was found a key predictor in the prevention and treatment of malaria in both rural and urban areas of Oyo State Nigeria. Nationwide programme aimed at reducing malaria especially among pregnant women is needed in Nigeria.

关键词： Household Attributes Social Environment Malaria Preventive Behavior Pregnancy Maternal and Child Health

Gap analysis in decision support systems for real-estate in the era of the digital earth

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International Journal of Digital Earth 2021年第1期14卷 121-138页

作者： Hamidreza Rabiei-Dastjerdi Gavin McArdle Stephen A.Matthews Peter Keenan School of Computer Science and CeADAR University College Dublin(UCD)DublinIreland Department of sociology&Criminology and Department of Anthropology The Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkUSA School of Business University College Dublin(UCD)DublinIreland

Searching for a property is inherently a multicriteria spatial *** decision is primarily based on three high-level criteria composed of household needs,building facilities,and location *** choice is driven by diverse characteristics;including but not limited to environmental factors,access,services,and the socioeconomic status of a *** article aims to identify the gap between theory and practice in presenting information on location choice by using a gap analysis methodology through the development of a sevenfactor classification tool and an assessment of international property *** the availability of digital earth data,the results suggest that real-estate websites are poor at providing sufficient location information to support efficient spatial decision *** on a case study in Dublin,Ireland,we find that although neighbourhood digital earth data may be readily available to support decision making,the gap *** hypothesise that the reason is ***,there is a technical challenge to transform location data into usable ***,the market may not wish to provide location information which can be perceived as *** conclude this article with a discussion of critical issues necessary for designing a spatial decision support system for real-estate decision making.

关键词： Gap analysis digital earth spatial decision support systems(SDSS) spatial data real-estate Dublin

Community knowledge,attitudes and practices related to schistosomiasis and associated healthcare-seeking behaviours in northern Côte d’Ivoire and southern Mauritania

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2018年第1期7卷 691-703页

作者： Amoin Jeanne d’Arc Koffi Mohamed Doumbia Gilbert Fokou Moussa Keita Brama Kone N’doumy Noel Abe Department of Research and Development Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques en Cote d’IvoireAbidjanCote d’Ivoire Environment and Communication Training Unit University Alassane OuattaraBouakeCote d’Ivoire Ethno-sociology Institute University Felix Houphouet-BoignyAbidjanCote d’Ivoire Faculty of Letters and Social Sciences University of NouakchottNouakchottMauritania University Peleforo-Gbon-Coulibaly KorhogoCote d’Ivoire

Background:Among parasitic infections,schistosomiasis ranks second after malaria in terms of worldwide *** efforts to contain transmission,more than 230 million people are infected,of which 85%live in Sub-Saharan *** the epidemiologic characteristics of schistosomiasis have been extensively studied across endemic settings,social factors have been paid less *** current study assesses community knowledge of schistosomiasis causes,transmission,signs,symptoms and prevention,as well as healthcare-seeking behaviours in two West African settings,with the aim of strengthening schistosomiasis control ***:From August 2014 to June 2015,we conducted two cross-sectional surveys in Korhogo,Cote d’Ivoire and Kaedi,*** applied a questionnaire to collect quantitative data at the household level in Korhogo(n=1456)and Kaedi(n=1453).Focus group discussions(Korhogo:n=32,Kaedi:n=32)and participatory photography(photovoice)(Korhogo:n=16,Kaedi:n=16)were conducted within the communities to gather qualitative *** addition,semi-structured interviews were used to discuss with key informants from control programmes,nongovernmental organizations and health districts(Korhogo:n=8,Kaedi:n=7).Results:The study demonstrated that schistosomiasis is not well known by the communities;64.1%claimed to know the causes of the disease,but the reality is *** knowledge is more from cultural than biomedical *** was observed that social construction of the disease is different from the biomedical *** Korhogo,schistosomiasis was often associated with several other diseases,notably stomach ulcer and *** populations believe that schistosomiasis is caused by exposure to goat or dog urine in the *** Kaedi,schistosomiasis is considered as a disease transmitted by environmenal elements such as sunshine and dirty *** both settings,the care-seeking pathways were found to be strongly influenced by local c

关键词： Community knowledge Healthcare-seeking behaviour Schistosomiasis Korhogo Kaedi Côte d’Ivoire Mauritania

Exploring the social,ethical,legal,and responsibility dimensions of artificial intelligence for health-a new column in Intelligent Medicine

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Intelligent Medicine 2022年第2期2卷 103-109页

作者： Achim Rosemann Xinqing Zhang Centre for Computing and Social Responsibility De Montfort UniversityLeicesterUnited Kingdom Department of sociology Philosophy and AnthropologyUniversity of ExeterUnited Kingdom School of Humanities and Social Sciences Peking Union Medical College&Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijing 100005China

This essay is the starting point of a new column in Intelligent Medicine that invites interdisciplinary perspectives on the social,ethical,legal,and responsibility aspects of the use of artificial intelligence(AI)in medicine and health *** in this column will examine the practical,conceptual,and policy dimensions of the use of AI for health-related purposes from comparative and international *** invite contributions from around the world in all application areas of AI for health,including health care,health research,drug development,health care system management,as well as public health and public health *** column aims to provide a forum for reflective and critical scholarship that contributes to the ongoing academic and policy debates about the development,use,governance,and implications of AI in medical and health care *** launch the column,we first provide an overview of recent approaches that have been developed to identify and address the effects and potential impacts of science and technology innovations on human societies and the *** include ethical,legal,and social implications/aspects(ELSI/A)research,responsible research and innovation(RRI),sustainability transitions research,and the use of international standard-setting instruments for responsible and open science issued by the United Nations Educational,Scientific,and Cultural Organization(UNESCO),the World Health Organization(WHO),and other international *** Part Two of this essay,we discuss some of the central challenges that arise with regard to the integration of AI and big data analytics in medical and health care *** includes concerns regarding(i)the control,reliability,and trustworthiness of AI systems,(ii)privacy and surveillance,(iii)the impact of AI and automation on health care staffemployment and the nature of clinical work,(iv)the effects of AI on health inequalities,justice,and access to medical care,and(v)challenges rel

关键词： Artificial intelligence Health Ethical,legal and social implications Responsible research and innovation Global ethics Governance of emerging technologies