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Identification of coastal wetlands of international importance for waterbirds:a review of China Coastal Waterbird Surveys 2005–2013

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Chinese Birds 2015年第3期6卷 153-168页

作者： Qingquan Bai Jianzhong Chen Zhihong Chen Guotai Dong Jiangtian Dong Wenxiao Dong Vivian Wing Kan Fu Yongxiang Han Gang Lu Jing Li Yang Liu Zhi Lin Derong Meng Jonathan Martinez Guanghui Ni Kai Shan Renjie Sun Suixing Tian Fengqin Wang Zhiwei Xu Yat-tung Yu Jin Yang Zhidong Yang Lin Zhang Ming Zhang Xiangwu Zeng Forestry Bureau of Dandong Tianjin Birdwatching society Xiamen Birdwatching society Shenzhen Birdwatching society Management Office of Guangdong Neilingding–Futian National Nature Reserve Shanghai Huaxia Wildlife Travel Limited The Hong Kong Bird Watching society Xugou Primary School Kadoorie conservation China Kadoorie Farm & Botanic Garden Corporation Spoon-billed Sandpipers in China State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and College of Ecology and Evolution Xiamen Costal Wetlands and Birds Research Center Department of Life Science Cangzhou Normal University 14 bis rue des Temples45240 La FertéSaint AubinFrance Fujian Birdwatching society Management Office of Yellow River Delta National nature Reserve Guangxi Mangrove Research Center Tianjin Natural History Museum Shanghai Wildbird society Panjin Birdwatching society Panjin Maternal and Child Care Service Centre Haifeng nature Reserve

Background:China's coastal wetlands belong to some of the most threatened ecosystems *** loss and degradation of these wetlands seriously threaten waterbirds that depend on ***:The China Coastal Waterbird Census was organized by volunteer birdwatchers in China's coastal *** were surveyed synchronously once every month at 14 sites,as well as irregularly at a further 18 sites,between September 2005 and December ***:A total of 75 species of waterbirds met the 1 % population level Ramsar listing criterion at least once at one *** number of birds of the following species accounted for over 20 % of the total flyway populations at a single site:Mute Swan(Cygnus olor),Siberia Crane(Grus leucogeranus),Far Eastern Oystercatcher(Haematopus osculans),Bar-tailed Godwit(Limosa lapponica),Spotted Greenshank(Tringa guttifer),Great Knot(Calidris tenuirostris),Spoon-billed Sandpiper(Calidris pygmeus),Saunders' s Gull(Larus saundersi),Relict Gull(Larus relictus),Great Cormorant(Phalacrocorax carbo),Eurasian Spoonbill(Platalea leucorodia),Black-faced Spoonbill(Platalea minor) and Dalmatian Pelican(Pelecanus crispus).A total of 26 sites supported at least one species of which their number met the1 % ***-two species met the 1 % criterion in the Yellow River Delta,Shandong;29 at the Cangzhou coast,Hebei and 26 species at the Lianyungang coast,***:The results highlight the international importance of China's coastal wetlands for *** study also demonstrates that participation of local birdwatchers in waterbird surveys results in data that are invaluable not only for understanding the current status of waterbirds in China's coastal regions but also for waterbird conservation and management.

关键词： 1 % criterion Citizen science Coastal wetlands Ramsar site Waterbirds

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Metagenomics reveals contrasting energy utilization efficiencies of captive and wild camels(Camelus ferus)

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Integrative Zoology 2022年第3期17卷 333-345页

作者： Liping YAN Liping TANG Zhichao ZHOU Wei LU Bo WANG Zhicheng SUN Xue JIANG Defu HU Junqing LI Dong ZHANG School of Ecology and nature conservation Beijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina Gansu Endangered Animals Protection Center WuweiChina Administrative Bureau of Dunhuang Xihu National nature Reserve DunhuangChina

Captive conditions can affect the symbiotic microbiome of *** this study,we compared the structural and functional differences of the gastrointestinal microbiomes of wild Bactrian camels(Camelus ferus)between wild and captive populations,as well as their different host energy utilization performances through *** results showed that wild-living camels harbored more microbial taxa related to the production of volatile fatty acids,fewer methanogens,and fewer genes encoding enzymes involved in methanogenesis,leading to higher energy utilization efficiency compared to that of captive-living *** findings suggest that the wild-living camel fecal microbiome demonstrates a series of adaptive characteristics that enable the host to adjust to a relatively barren field *** study provides novel insights into the mechanisms of wildlife adaptations to habitats from the perspective of the microbiome.

关键词： adaptability energy utilization gastrointestinal microbiome metagenomics wild and captive wild Bactrian camel

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Effects of climate,biotic factors,and phylogeny on allometric relationships:testing the metabolic scaling theory in plantations and natural forests across China

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Forest Ecosystems 2020年第4期7卷 672-685页

作者： Han Sun Xiangping Wang Dayong Fan School of Ecology and nature conservation Beijing Forest UniversityBeijingChina College of Forestry Beijing Forest UniversityBeijingChina

Background:Metabolic scaling theory(MST)is still in debate because observed allometric exponents often deviate from MST predictions,and can change significantly depending on environment,phylogeny,and *** assembled published scaling exponents from literatures for three allometric relationships linked to biomass allocation:leaf biomassdiameter(LD),stem biomassdiameter(SD),and root biomassdiameter(RD).We used data from natural forests and plantations across China to test the following hypotheses:1)the allometric relationships of trees support the predictions of MST on a broad scale;2)the observed deviations from MST predictions are caused by climate,biotic factors,and/or phylogeny;3)abiotic and biotic factors influence allometric relationships in plantations and natural forests differently,and different allometric relationships(***,SD,and RD)are affected *** related these scaling exponents to geographic climate gradient,successional stage,stand density,leaf form and phenology,and *** used mixedeffect models to examine the major factors affecting tree ***:In natural forests,SD and RD scaling exponents were consistent with MST predictions in primary forests,but were significantly lower in secondary *** SD and RD scaling exponents in plantations had a medium value that fell between those of the secondary and primary forests,despite plantations being similar in species characteristics and age to secondary *** SD and RD exponents were significantly affected by factors that are not yet considered in MST,including winter coldness which explained 2.76%–3.24%of variations,successional stage(7.91%–8.20%of variations),density(a surrogate for competition,5.86%–8.54%of variations),and especially phylogeny(45.86%–56.64%of variations explained).However,the LD scaling exponents conformed to MST predictions in primary,secondary,and plantation forests,and was not strongly explained by most ***:MST is only

关键词： Allometry Successional stage Climate Plantation Conifer Broadleaf trees Metabolic scaling theory

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Using Head Patch Pattern as a Reliable Biometric Character for Noninvasive Individual Recognition of an Endangered Pitviper Protobothrops mangshanensis

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Asian Herpetological Research 2013年第2期4卷 134-139页

作者： Daode YANG Sikan CHEN Yuanhui CHEN Yuying YAN Institute of Wildlife conservation Central South University of Forestry and Technology Hunan Mangshan National nature Reserve Administration

Mangshan pitviper, Protobothrops mangshanensis （formerly Zhaoermia mangshanensis） is endemic to China. Unfortunately, due to the decreasing size of its wild populations, this snake has been listed as critically endangered. Re- search carried out on the Mangshan pitviper＇s population ecology and captive reproduction has revealed that the unique head patch patterns of different individuals may potentially be used as a noninvasive recognition biometric character. We collected head patch pattern images of 40 individuals of P. mangshanensis between 1994 and 2011. By comparing each pitviper＇s head patch pattern, we found that the head patch pattern of individual snakes was different and unique. Additionally, we observed and recorded the head patch pattern characters of four adults and five juveniles before and af- ter ecdysis. Our findings confirmed that head patch patterns of Mangshan pitvipers are unique and stable, remaining un- changed after ecdysis. Thus, individuals can be quickly identified by examining the head patch pattern within a specific recognition area on the head. This method may be useful for noninvasive individual recognition in many other species that display color patch pattern variations, especially in studies of endangered species where the use of invasive marking techniques is undesirable.

关键词： biometric identification endangered snake head patch pattern Mangshan pitviper noninvasive individualrecognition image analysis natural markings

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conservation of challenging endemic plant species at high risk of extinction in arid mountain ecosystems:a case study of Rosa arabica Cré*** Egypt

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Journal of Mountain Science 2021年第10期18卷 2698-2721页

作者： Karim OMAR Ibrahim ELGAMAL nature conservation Sector Ministry of EnvironmentCairo 11728Egypt United Nation Development Program(UNDP) Cairo 2007Egypt

Rosa arabica Cré*** a perennial shrub belonging to the family *** is endemic to the high mountain area of *** Protected Area(SCPA)in southern Sinai,Egypt,and is listed as one of the most 100 threatened plants in the ***,it has been listed as critically endangered by IUCN Red List due to its small extent of occurrence and tiny population *** reported the continuous decline in habitat quality for this species and the urgent need to carry out on-ground conservation ***,this research aims to conserve Rosa arabica through in situ practices by implementing the following steps,respectively:a)evaluate the current conservation status through IUCN Red List to extract the environmental factors controlling the species’distribution necessary for establishing the recovery program,b)determine the potential species habitat suitability under the current climate conditions using Maxent,and c)based on the previous two steps,the translocation process for *** in the suitable habitat will be done after the simple layering process as one of the most effective traditional vegetative methods for wild cultivation for this *** steps aimed to reduce the impact of threats and the risk of extinction through increasing the population size,the Extent of Occurrence(EOO),and the Area of Occupancy(AOO).We extracted the environmental factors controlling the target species’distribution and habitat suitability range using the IUCN Red List assessment and Species Distribution Model(SDM).The most suitable habitat for *** is predicted in the middle northern parts of SCPA,with the highest suitability in the High *** of driest quarter,precipitation of wettest month,precipitation of coldest quarter,and aspect are the highest mean contributors determining the distribution of *** in *** arabica potential distribution covers 324.4 km^(2)(7.46%)of the total SCPA area(4350 km^(2)).This area is divided into:18.1 km^(2)high

关键词： Mountain ecosystems Recovery Translocations Layering conservation Species distribution modelling Maxent IUCN Red List

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Comparison of locomotor behaviour between white-headed langurs Trachypithecus leucocephalus and Franois' langurs T. franoisi in Fusui,China

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Current Zoology 2009年第1期55卷 9-19页

作者： Jinrong XIONG Shihua GONG Chenggang QIU Zhaoyuan LI Faculty of conservation Biology Southwest Forestry University Kunming 650224 China Department of Wildlife conservation Guangxi Forestry Bureau Nanning 530022 China Biodiversity and nature conservation Centre Southwest Forestry University Kunming 650224 China

We studied the locomotor behaviour of white-headed langurs Trachypithecus leucocephalus and Francois＇ langurs *** to test two hypotheses：（1） these monkeys have evolved locomotor ability to support their activities on limestone hills, and （2） Francois＇ langurs have evolved more diverse locomotor skills than white-headed langurs. Data were collected from 1996 - 1998 and in 2005 in Fusui nature Reserve, Guangxi, and showed that the two species had similar locomotor types, but Francois＇ langurs had more locomotor modes （26） than white-headed langurs （12）. Quadrupedal walking and leaping were two major types, and white-headed langurs were more arboreal than Francois＇ langurs. We suggest that, while keeping their ancestral locomotor types, the two species have evolved new types allowing them to live on limestone cliffs. Compared to white-headed langurs, Francois＇ langurs have more diverse locomotor modes that probably have allowed them to live in more habitat types. As an evolutionary outcome, Francois＇ langurs have a larger distribution range .

关键词： Locomotor behaviour Evolution White-headed langurs Francois' langurs

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A Study on Ecotourism Considered from Viewpoint of Landscape

A Study on Ecotourism Considered from Viewpoint of Landscape

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作者： Noriko HORIE Sadatoshi TABATA Parks and Recreation Foundation The Nature Conservation Society of Japan

＜正＞Recently, ecotourism has been acknowledged as one form of sightseeing. Ecotourism is an idea of sightseeing that aims at uniting the protection of regional resources such as nature, the history, and the culture, the sightseeing industry, and revitalization of local economy. Landscape architects have been playing a constant role to the sightseeing development and the regional plan in the area of conventional sightseeing. Then, what sort of relationship are ecotourism and ’Landscape’ building now? What does ecotourism have to do with ’Landscape’? Do actual ecotours as marketed tour packages make a point of ’Landscape’ ? In this study, we consider ecotourism from the aspect of ’Landscape’. Specifically, we examine the definition of ecotourism, the history of ecotourism and sightseeing, and actual ecotours. Firstly, definitions of ecotourism were examined by searching for terms related to ’Landscape’, and were examined how the terms were described. Secondly, the chronology was made in connection with ecotourism and ’Landscape’, and was analyzad. Thirdly, terms related ’Landscape’ were searched in the description of actual ecotours registered in ECOTOUR SOURAN, and the results were compared with that of the general sightseeing tours. As a result, we could not find remarkable sign that ’Landscape’ has special recognition in the definition, the history, and ecotour programs of ecotourism. In the definitions of ecotourism, only NACS-J use the term of ’nature （keikan）’ The landscape may be indirectly expressed as in ’nature’, history’, ’culture’, and an inclusive word ’environment’. But, we may say that the concept of ’Landscape’ is not clearly considered in ecotourism. In the history of ecotourism, landscape seems to have stayed as one of sightseeing objects while both objects and forms of the sightseeing are diversified. In the tours registered as ecotours, the number of tours for which the term related to the landscape was used limited to 22 out of 757. The occurrences

关键词： ecotourism landscape the definition of ecotourism the history of ecotourism ecotour

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Applying systematic conservation planning to constitute a protection strategy for broad-leaved Korean pine forests in Changbai Mountains, China

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Journal of Mountain Science 2016年第3期13卷 493-507页

作者： MA Lin SUN Gong-qi QU Yi LI Jun-qing Beijing university of civil engineering and architecture library Beijing 100044China Key Laboratory for Silviculture and conservation of Ministry of Education Forest College Beijing Forestry University Beijing 100083 China nature conservation College Beijing Forestry University Beijing 100083 China National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Wetland and Ecological conservation Heilongjiang Academy of sciences - Institute of Nature and Ecology Harbin 150040 China

The broad-leaved Korean pine(Pinus koraiensis) forest is one of the most biodiverse zonal communities in the North Temperate Zone and an important habitat for many endangered ***-leaved Korean pine forests(BKPFs) are shrinking quickly due to deforestation and rapid urbanization. Thus, scientific protection strategies are urgently needed to change this status. Changbai Mountains contains one of the largest BKPFs and is considered a priority biodiversity conservation area in China. Guided by systematic conservation planning(SCP) methods and procedures, we chose representative species and communities in BKPFs ecosystem as priority conservation objects, and set quantitative conservation target, which is in the light of the biodiversity characteristic of BKPFs. The watershed area is used as planning unit. We used CPlan software to calculate the irreplaceability(Ir)value of each planning unit and the contribution value(Ti) of each conservation object to(1) assess the conservation efficiency;(2) identify the conservation gap of the existing conservation network. Then wecalculated a human disturbance index(HDI) for planning units in the conservation gaps and combine this with the Ir value to design three conservation scenarios to optimize the conservation *** show that planning units with high conservation value 14.16% of the total area, with3084.36 km2 were covered by the existing conservation network. 79.28% of planning units with high conservation value have not been protected which were concentrated mainly in the eight gap *** 25.3% of protection objects achieved their conservation target with the existing conservation network. conservation efficiency is low. Three conservation scenarios are constituted, each prioritizing a different aim:(1) ecological value;(2)species rescue; and(3) economical avoidance. The three conservation schemes potentially enable 93%,88% and 51% of conservation objects, respectively, to achieve identified conservatio

关键词： Korean Pine Changbai Mountain Systematic conservation planning conservation network Protection strategy conservation efficiency

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Does flagship species tourism benefit conservation? A case study of the golden snub-nosed monkey in Shennongjia National nature Reserve

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2011年第24期56卷 2553-2558页

作者： XIANG ZuoFu YU Yang YANG Mei YANG JingYuan NIAO MingYao LIMing College of Life Science and Technology Central South University of Forestry & Technology Changsha 410004 China Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and conservation Biology Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China Administration Bureau of Shennongjia National nature Reserve Shennongjia Forest District Shennongjia 442411 China College of Tourism Central South University of Forestry & Technology Changsha 410004 China

Tourism has been widely used as a conservation strategy that directly compensates local people or management authorities, thereby contributing to development and creating incentives to preserve the landscape. Reserves or parks that are inhabited by flagship species may be able to generate more revenue through tourism than those without such species because flagship species have great potential for raising funds and creating publicity for conservation goals. In this paper, we examine flagship species tourism focused on observing the golden snub-nosed monkey (Rhinopithecus roxellana) in Shennongjia National nature Reserve (SNNR). After the program was launched in 2006, both the number of tourists and amount of revenue received by SNNR increased as the general trends of tourism revenue in the country also increased. As a result, SNNR significantly increased rein- vestment in tourism and conservation infrastructure. Furthermore, after senior politicians visited the golden snub-nosed monkey, they abruptly changed their attitudes toward biological conservation, as indicated by an increase in both regular and additional funding for the species conservation. We conclude that flagship species tourism may not only generate revenue for conservation and management but also can improve officials' attitudes toward preserving biodiversity. However, it is important to ensure the continued safety and sustainability of such programs, from both the human and animal perspective, and we suggest stricter measures are introduced to reduce the risk of aerosol disease transmission from tourists to the monkeys.

关键词：国家级自然保护区物种保护旅游业金丝猴神农架旗舰保护生物多样性案例

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Comparative sensitivity to environmental variation and human disturbance of Asian tapirs (Tapirus indicus) and other wild ungulates in Thailand

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Integrative Zoology 2012年第4期7卷 389-399页

作者： Antony J.LYNAM Naruemon TANTIPISANUH Wanlop CHUTIPONG Dusit NGOPRASERT Megan C.BAKER Passanan CUTTER George GALE Shumpei KITAMURA Robert STEINMETZ Ronglarp SUKMASUANG Somying THUNHIKORN Global conservation Program Wildlife Conservation Society(WCS)BronxNYUSA IUCN/SSC Tapir Specialist Group BangkokThailand conservation Ecology Program King Mongkut’s University of Technology ThonburiBangkokThailand Center for Species Survival Smithsonian Conservation Biology InstituteFront RoyalVirginiaUSA conservation Biology Program University of MinnesotaSt.PaulMinnesotaUSA Museum of nature and Human Activities SandaJapan WWF Thailand BangkokThailand Department of Forest Biology Kasetsart UniversityBangkokThailand Wildlife Research Division Department of National ParksWildlife and Plants ConservationBangkokThailand

Southeast Asia’s tropical forests suffer the highest rates of deforestation and disturbance of any on Earth,with poorly understood impacts on native *** tapirs(Tapirus indicus)are among the least studied of the large mammals in these *** records from 9 camera trap surveys in 7 of the largest(>1000 km2)pro-tected area complexes,we assessed the influence of environmental variation and human-induced disturbance on tapir *** were detected at 13%of locations sampled,significantly associated with evergreen for-est(P40%over the past 20 *** recommend surveys to fill gaps in the understanding of the status in lesser-known protected areas,research to better understand the fine-scale environmental influences on behavior and habitats of tapirs,and other forest un-gulates,and continued legal status for tapirs in the highest category of protection.

关键词： Asian tapir camera traps conservation logistic regression ungulates

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