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Gastro esophageal reflux disease is associated with absence from work: Results from a prospective cohort study

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2005年第45期11卷 7148-7151页

作者： Andreas Leodolter Marc Nocon Michael Kulig Stefan N Willich Peter Malfertheiner Joachim Labenz Department of Gastroenterology Institute of social Medicine Ev.Jung-Stilling-Krankenhaus

AIM： To study the association of gastro-esophageal reflux disease （GERD） with the absence from work and to estimate the extent of loss in gross domestic product due to inability to work. METHODS： Analysis was based on the prospectively gathered data of a large European cohort study involving 6 215 symptomatic GERD patients （ProGERD）. Among these patients, 2 871 were initially employed. The calculation of the loss of gross domestic product was based on the assumption that the prevalence of GERD was about 15% in Germany. According to the German Federal Statistical Office, the mean gross wage of employees was 150 E/d in 2002. RESULTS： The data of 2 078 employed patients who were prospectively followed up for over 2 years were analyzed. At study entry, the patients reported a mean of 1.8 d per year of inability to work. During the prospective follow-up under routine clinical care, the proportion of patients reporting days with inability to work decreased from 14% to 6% and the mean number of days per year with inability to work decreased to 0.9 d. Assuming a prevalence of troublesome GERD of 15% in the employed German population, the loss of gross domestic product amounted to 668 million E/year in Germany. CONCLUSION： GERD causes a relevant impairment on the national economics by absence from work. The presented data demonstrate the importance of GERD, not only for patients and health insurance companies, but also for the community at large.

关键词： Gastro-esophageal reflux Sick leave Medicale conomics

Spatial analysis of Dengue through the reproduction numbers relating to socioeconomic features:Case studies on two Brazilian urban centers

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Infectious Disease Modelling 2024年第1期9卷 142-157页

作者： Ana T.C.Silva Rejane C.Dorn Lívia R.Tomás Leonardo B.L.Santos Lacita M.Skalinski Suani T.R.Pinho Departamento de Física Universidade Estadual de Feira de SantanaAv.Transnordestinas/n.Novo HorizonteFeira de Santana44036-900BABrazil Instituto de Física Universidade Federal da BahiaRua Barão de Jeremoabo s/nCampus Universitário de OndinaSalvador40170-115BABrazil Centro Nacional de Monitoramento e Alertas de Desastres Naturais(CEMADEN) Estrada Dr.Altino Bondensan500São Josédos Campos12247-016SPBrazil Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz Campus Soane Nazaréde AndradeRodovia Jorge AmadoKm 16SalobrinhoIlhéus45662-900BABrazil Instituto de Saúde Coletiva Universidade Federal da BahiaR.Basílio da Gamas/n-CanelaSalvador40110-140BABrazil Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia-Sistemas Complexos Virtual InstitutionBrazil

The study of the propagation of infectious diseases in urban centers finds a close connection with their population's social characteristics and *** work performs a spatial analysis of dengue cases in urban centers based on the basic reproduction numbers,R0,and incidence by planning areas(PAs),as well as their correlations with the Human Development Index(HDI)and the number of *** analyzed dengue epidemics in 2002 at two Brazilian urban centers,Belo Horizonte(BH)and Rio de Janeiro(RJ),using PAs as spatial *** results reveal heterogeneous spatial scenarios for both cities,with very weak correlations between R0 and both the number of trips and the HDI;in BH,the values of R0 show a less spatial heterogeneous pattern than in *** BH,there are moderate correlations between incidence and both the number of trips and the HDI;meanwhile,they weakly correlate for ***,the absence of strong correlations between the considered measures indicates that the transmission process should be treated considering the city as a whole.

关键词： Dengue Mathematical mode lBasic reproduction number Urban mobility Urban indices

Sustainable Development of New Rural Finance in China

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Asian Agricultural Research 2012年第9期4卷 81-86页

作者： NIE Yong School of Finance and insurance Guangxi University of Finance and Economics

Rural finance is the weakest link in China's financial system. There are still many problems in the traditional rural finance, such as poor business conditions, imperfectly competitive financial markets, and credit information asymmetry; the phenomenon of farmers' loans difficulty has not been fundamentally changed. In order to improve the current situation of rural finance, the state proposes to develop new rural finance and innovate upon rural financial system. The new rural finance has many good development advantages, such as adequate information, flexible operation, and good potential quality of the assets. It is necessary to innovate upon financial products and services, establish the purpose of serving agriculture, countryside and farmers, strengthen the supervision of credit, and improve the financial infrastructure construction, so as to achieve sustainable developments.

关键词： New rural finance Financial support for agricultur

Existing Contradictions and Recommendations to China＇s insurance Industry Characterized by Low-growth and Low-interest

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Chinese Business Review 2014年第12期13卷 717-729页

作者： Wang Xujin Guo Xia Yi Shanmei insurance Department of Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing China

This article seeks to analyze the contradictions and recommendations to China＇s insurance industry in the context of low-growth and low interest market. Under the pressure caused by the contradictions between the sustainable growth in the insurance premium income and the low ROI, it is very important to solve these contradictions for maintaining a sustainable and steady growth in insurance industry, at the same time, it is also favorable to play a role as a social stabilizer as well as an economic booster for insurance industry. This paper can be divided into four parts： Part I analyzes the five basic characteristics of Chinese low-growth and low-interest insurance industry; part II elaborates the principal contradictions faced by Chinese low-growth and low-interest insurance industry; part III analyzes the development environment of Chinese insurance industry; part IV proposes the recommendations to solve these contradictions.

关键词： low-growth low-interest insurance industry market economy restructuring capital market

AN ACCURATE BINOMIAL MODEL FOR PRICING AMERICAN ASIAN OPTION

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Journal of Systems Science & Complexity 2014年第5期27卷 993-1007页

作者： LIU Jian WU Weixing XU Jingfeng ZHAO Haijian School of insurance Central University of Finance and Economics Research Center for Applied Finance School of Banking and FinanceUniversity of International Business and Economics China Institute for Actuarial Science Central University of Finance and Economics Bosera Asset Management Co. Ltd.

This paper presents simple and fast algorithms for computing very tight upper and lower bounds on the prices of American Asian options in the binomial *** authors choose two types sets of the actual arithmetic average prices,instead of the simulated values in other existing models,as the representative average prices at each node of the binomial *** approach simplifies effectively the computation and reduces the error caused by the linear *** results show that the approach produces accurate upper and lower bounds compared to the other existing methods based on the binomial tree.

关键词： Asian option binomial tree option pricing

R&D,Human Capital Investment and Productivity:Firm-level Evidence from China's Electronics Industry

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China & World Economy 2010年第5期18卷 72-89页

作者： Chih-Hai Yang Chun-Hung Lin Daw Ma National Central University Jhongli Taiwan Tamkang University Tamsui Taiwan Chung-Hua institution for Economic Research Taipei Taiwan

Usingfirm-level panel data covering 2005-2007, the present paper examines the effects of R＆D and human capital investment on productivity in China＇s electronics industry. It is found that both R＆D and on-the-job training positively contribute to total factor productivity （TFP）. Firms＇ investment inemployees＇ health insurance andpensions, whichare components of workers＇ compensation, generate a productivity-enhancing effect, supporting the efficiency wage hypothesis. The estimated impact of R＆D on productivity varies among different forms of ownership, and foreign-owncd enterprises experience higher R＆D efficiency than state or private enterprises. After controlling for potential endogenous causality between TFP and R＆D, the above findings remain unchanged We also find that on-the-job training can improve the quality of human capital and is helpful in promoting productivity. Therefore, establishing indigenous technological capability through various technological sources is quite important, and the government should devote further effort to investing in human capital.

关键词： insurance productivity R&D training

Fertility Effects of Labor Market Conditions at Graduation

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China & World Economy 2023年第4期31卷 120-152页

作者： Yue Yin Ye Jiang School of Economics University of BristolUnited Kingdom National School of Agricultural institution and Development South China Agricultural UniversityChina

This study examines how individuals'fertility outcomes were affected by the labor market conditions they experienced at *** data from the Chinese General social Survey,it finds that poor labor market conditions at graduation delayed individuals'entry into *** unemployment rates at graduation reduced the probability of having at least one child in the survey year for both men and *** negative fertility effects generally followed a U-shape,reached the maximum around average childbearing ages,and faded out within 15 years after ***-skilled workers mainly contribute to the negative fertility effects observed in the whole *** and marital outcomes are also analyzed as potential *** results indicate that individuals who experienced poor labor market conditions at graduation delayed marriage and the birth of the first child due to a lower probability of being employed,reduced working hours,and adverse income *** negative long-term fertility effects should be brought to policymakers'attention,especially when China's low fertility issue *** are expected to create more favorable employment conditions for labor market entrants to encourage fertility and expand the future working-age population.

关键词： fertility graduation labor market conditions unemployment

Mathematical modelling of COVID-19 in South Africa

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2020年第5期13卷 235-236页

作者： Aroonkumar Beesham Department(s)and institution(s)Faculty of Natural Sciences Mangosuthu University of TechnologyP O Box 12363Umlazi 4026South Africa

The first case of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)in South Africa arose when a group of people returned from Milan,Italy to Durban,SouthAfrica on 1 March *** person from this group was confirmed with COVID-19 on 5 March *** then,the number has increased steadily as shown in Figure 1[1].On 15 March,the President of SouthAfrica declared a national ***,flights to and from South Africa were curtailed,and the public was urged to practice social ***,on 27 March 2020,a national lockdown commenced with various restrictions,lasting 21 *** Sookaromdee and Wiwanitkit[2],an attempt is made to build a mathematical model for the spread of COVID-19 in South *** to the large number of variables involved,and various uncertainties,we have adopted a very simple approach just to get a handle on the situation.

关键词： Africa Mathematical Figure

Estimating Loss Given Default Based on Beta Regression

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2021年第3期66卷 3329-3344页

作者： Jamil J.Jaber Noriszura Ismail Siti Norafidah Mohd Ramli Baker Albadareen Nawaf N.Hamadneh Department of Risk Management and insurance The University of JordanAqaba77111Jordan Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Department of Mathematical SciencesMalaysia Department of Basic Sciences College of Science and Theoretical StudiesSaudi Electronic UniversityRiyadh11673Saudi Arabia

Loss given default(LGD)is a key parameter in credit risk management to calculate the required regulatory minimum *** internal ratings-based(IRB)approach under the Basel II allows institutions to determine the loss given default(LGD)on their *** this study,we have estimated LGD for a credit portfolio data by using beta regression with precision parameter(∅)and mean parameter(μ).The credit portfolio data was obtained from a banking institution in Jordan;for the period of January 2010 untilDecember *** the first stage,we have used the“outstandingamount”and“amount of borrowing”to find LGD of each default borrower(494 out of 4393 borrower).In the second stage,we fit univariate parametric distributions to the LGD data to obtain the beta *** that,we have estimated the values of∅based on microeconomic variables(SPP,OE and LR).Moreover,we have estimated the values ofμbased on macroeconomic variables(GDP and Inflation rate).Finally,we have compared between six different link functions(Logit,loglog,probit,cloglog,cauchit,and log),which have used with∅andμ.The results show that Beta regression with probit link function has the highest R-squared with accepted measurements for logL,AIC and BIC.

关键词： Credit risk loss given default parametric distribution regression model