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Evaluation of 20 Macro and Trace Mineral Concentrations in Commercial Goat Milk Yogurt and Its Cow Milk Counterpart

Food and Nutrition Sciences 2014年第10期5卷 889-895页

作者： Karen Hernandez Young W. Park Department of Animal production National University of Agriculture Catacamas Honduras Georgia small ruminant Research & Extension Center Fort Valley State University Fort Valley USA

Concentrations of 20 different minerals in commercial goat milk yogurt (CGY) and its cow milk yogurt (CCY) counterpart were evaluated in reference to goat milk yogurt manufactured from Fort Valley State University (FVGY), Fort Valley, GA, USA. Three different lots of CGY and CCY each were purchased from local retail stores at Warner Robins, GA, and 3 batches of FVGY were made using goat milk from the University milking herd. All 3 types of experimental yogurts were stored at 4°C refrigerator for 4 weeks. Twenty major and trace minerals were analyzed by an Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emissions Spectrometer (Thermo Jarrel Ash Enviro 36, Worchester, MA), using argon as the carrier gas and the EPA method 6010. Total solids (TS) content (%) of FVGY, CGY and CCY products were 11.03, 13.1 and 11.3, respectively, indicating CGY had higher TS than the CCY and FVGY yogurt. Respective mean mineral concentrations (ppm, wet basis) of FVGY, CGY and CCY were: Ca 1057, 1162, 1160;P 838, 974, 929;K 1327, 1717, 1208;Mg 102, 133, 113;Na 545, 449, 475;Fe 4.28, 3.33, 2.11;Mn 0.24, 0.19, 0.13;Cu 10.5, 9.85, 7.22;Zn 17.5, 11.7, 11.8. Levels of all macro minerals except potassium were higher in commercial goat and cow yogurts than FVGY, which may be due to the higher TS contents. FVGY had higher Fe, Mn, Cu and Zn than both commercial products. The heavy metal (Pb, Cd and Ni) contents (ppm) appeared to be normal range, while Al contents of FVGY, CGY and CCY were 11.9, 8.66 and 7.65, respectively, which were higher than those of Pb, Cd and Ni. Both commercial products contained higher major mineral contents than the university yogurt, which might be attributable to the differences in diet, breed, and stage of lactation of milking animals, as well as the tapioca additive used in the commercial products.

关键词： Macro Trace Minerals Yogurt Goat Milk

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Influence of grazing exclosure on vegetation biomass and soil quality

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2017年第1期5卷 62-68页

作者： Shagufta Qasim Shamim Gul Maria Hussain Shah Fayyaz Hussain Sarfraz Ahmad Muhammad Islam Gulbano Rehman Muhammad Yaqoob Syed Qasim Shah Department of Plant Sciences Sardar Bahadur Khan Women UniversityQuettaBalochistanPakistan Department of Botany University of BalochistanSarab roadQuettaBalochistanPakistan Department of Natural Resource Sciences McGill University QCCanada Land Resources Research Institute National Agricultural Research CentrePakistan Agriculture Research CouncilIslamabadPakistan Rangeland Research Centre National Agricultural Research CentrePakistan Agriculture Research CouncilIslamabadPakistan small ruminant production scientist Diversification&Sustainable Intensification of Production System Program(DSIPSP)International Center for Agriculture Research in Dry Areas(ICARDA)Pakistan OfficeNational Agricultural Research CenterPark RoadIslamabadPakistan Department of Chemistry University of BalochistanQuettaPakistan

This study investigated the influence of sixteen years exclosure from unmanaged grazing on aboveground vegetation biomass,soil organic matter(SOM),soil aggregation and nitrogen(N)mineralization in arid shrubland of Baluchistan,*** was carried out from three sites along the chronosequence of secondary *** site was located at open-for-grazing area(grazed site)and the other two sites were located in the area that is protected since *** of the protected site is more remote from grazing(protected site 1)where the land is less disturbed and has thick vegetation than the other protected site(protected site 2).Results showed a significant difference for aboveground vegetation biomass across sites and was in the order of protected site 1>protected site 2>grazed *** organic matter was 53% and 46% higher in protected sites than grazed *** larger than 2 mm size were not detected in soil from grazed site but represented 4.5% and 3% of the sample soil profile at the protected site 1 and protected site 2,*** of N mineralization was lower in soils at the grazed site as compared to soils at the protected *** moisture contents were significantly lower at grazed site and showed a strong positive correlation with aboveground vegetation *** study demonstrates that unmanaged grazing severely affected aboveground vegetation biomass,soil organic matter,large-sized soil aggregates,nitrogen mineralization and soil moisture *** term exclosure from grazing(~16 years)can enhance aboveground vegetation biomass and soil quality in terms of soil organic matter accumulation,soil aggregation,retention of soil moisture and nitrogen mineralization in this arid rangeland.

关键词： Rangeland Grazing Soil organic matter Aggregation Nitrogen mineralization

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small ruminant value chain in Al-Ruwaished District,Jordan

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Regional Sustainability 2023年第4期4卷 416-424页

作者： Rula AWAD Hosam TITI Aziza MOHAMED-BRAHMI Mohamed JAOUAD Aziza GASMI-BOUBAKER Department of Animal production National Agronomic Institute of TunisiaCarthage UniversityTunis1082Tunisia Department of Animal production Faculty of Agriculturethe University of JordanAmman999045Jordan Higher School of Agriculture of Kef Laboratory for the Sustainability of Production Systems in the North-West RegionUniversity of JendoubaKef7119Tunisia Institute of Arid Regions Médenine Laboratory of Economy and Rural SocietiesMédenine4119Tunisia

This study aims to assess the small ruminant value chain in Al-Ruwaished District,Jordan,to identify the potential intervention areas that could improve the production efficiency and guarantee the sustainability of the small ruminant sector in this *** breeding is the source of livelihood for most of the people in Al-Ruwaished District,which is characterized by the large number of sheep and *** surveyed 5.0% of the small ruminant holders in the study area and conducted individual interviews and surveys with the potential actors in the value chain to undertake a small ruminant value chain *** the survey,we found that the small ruminant value chain consists of five core functions,namely,input supply,production management,marketing,processing,and *** the stable impression given by the large number of holdings in the small ruminant sector,the surveyed results show a clear fragility in the value chain of small ruminants in this *** small ruminant production system is negatively impacted by climate change,especially continuous *** addition,the high prices of feed that the farmer cannot afford with clear and real absence of the governmental and non-governmental support activities also impact the development of the value *** results of strengths,weaknesses,opportunities,and threats(SWOT)analysis reveal that the major constraints faced by this value chain could be divided into external and internal ***,the most prominent external threats are the nature of the desert land and continuous drought,while the major internal threats are the absence of appropriate infrastructure,shortage of inputs,and weakness in the production management and *** proposed solutions to these challenges to ensure the sustainability and effectiveness of the sector,such as the formulation of emergency response plans to severe weather,qualifying farmers’skills,and establishment of agricultural cooperative societies.

关键词： Value chain analysis small ruminants Strengths,weaknesses,opportunities,and threats(SWOT)analysis Climate change Livestock production management Jordan

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In Vitro assessment of the nutritive value of expanded soybean meal for dairy cattle

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2012年第2期3卷 93-99页

作者： Eman A Elwakeel Evan C Titgemeyer Zongjia J Cheng Abdelaziz M Nour Mohamed EA Nasser Department of Animal & Fish production Faculty of Agriculture Alexandria University Department of Animal Sciences and Industry Kansas State University American Soybean Association-International Marketing

Little information is available about the nutritive value of expanded soybean meal, which is produced by expansion of soybeans prior to solvent extraction of the oil. During processing, expanded soybean meal is subjected to additional heat, which might increase the concentration of ruminally undegraded protein. Processing of soybeans with heat during oil extraction could affect lysine availability by increasing ruminally undegraded protein or by impairing intestinal digestion. Our objective was to compare solvent and expanded soybeans with regard to chemical composition and nutritive value for dairy cattle. Samples of expanded soybean meal （n = 14） and solventextracted soybean meal （n = 5） were obtained from People＇s Republic of China to study effects of the expansion process on nutritive value for dairy cattle. Solvent-extracted soybean meal （n = 2） and mechanically extracted （heated） soybean meal （n = 2） from the United States served as references for comparison. Samples were analyzed for crude fat, long-chain fatty acids, crude protein, amino acids, chemically available lysine, in situ ruminal protein degradation, and in vitro intestinal digestibility. No differences were found between solvent-extracted soybean meals from China and expanded soybean meals from China for crude fat, crude protein, amino acids, or chemically available lysine. In situ disappearance of nitrogen, ruminally undegraded protein content, and in vitro intestinal digestion of the ruminally undegraded protein were generally similar between solvent-extracted soybean meals made in China and expanded soybean meals made in China; variation among soybean meals was small. Results indicate that the additional heat from the expansion process was not great enough to affect the nutritive value of soybean meal protein for ruminants. Although expansion may improve the oil extraction process, the impact on the resulting soybean meal is minimal and does not require consideration when formulating ruminant di

关键词： Digestibility Escape Lysine Protein Rumen

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Analytical strategies for studying stem cell metabolism

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Frontiers in Biology 2015年第2期10卷 141-153页

作者： James M. Arnold William T. Choi Arun Sreekumar Mirjana Maletic-Savatic Department of Molecular and Cell Biology Baylor College of Medicine Houston TX 77030 USA Program in Developmental Biology and Medical scientist Training Program Baylor College of Medicine Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute at Texas Children's Hospital Houston TX 77030 USA Departments of Pediatrics-Neurology and Neuroscience and Program in Structural and Computational Biology and Molecular Biophysics Baylor College of Medicine Houston TX 77030 USA

Owing to their capacity for self-renewal and pluripotency, stem cells possess untold potential for revolutionizing the field of regenerative medicine through the development of novel therapeutic strategies for treating cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. Central to developing these strategies is improving our understanding of biological mechanisms responsible for governing stem cell fate and self-renewal. Increasing attention is being given to the significance of metabolism, through the production of energy and generation of small molecules, as a critical regulator of stem cell functioning. Rapid advances in the field of metabolomics now allow for in-depth profiling of stem cells both in vitro and in vivo, providing a systems perspective on key metabolic and molecular pathways which influence stem cell biology. Understanding the analytical platforms and techniques that are currently used to study stem cell metabolomics, as well as how new insights can be derived from this knowledge, will accelerate new research in the field and improve future efforts to expand our understanding of the interplay between metabolism and stem cell biology.

关键词： stem cell metabolism NMR mass spectrometry MRS flux analysis

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Effect of Acacia albida Leaf Supplementation on Reproductive Parameters and Pre-Weaning Growth of Arabian Lambs

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Open Journal of Animal Sciences 2023年第1期13卷 46-59页

作者： Oumar Moucthar Kodbe Miegoue Emile Mouchili Mama Azoutane Julien Ousmane Issa Abdel Djalil Kwayep Nyah Cedric Taboumda Evariste Tendonkeng Fernand Animal Nutrition Laboratory Animal Production Department FASA University of Dschang Dschang Cameroon Biology Laboratory of the Faculty of Exact and Applied Sciences (FSEA) Uinversity of N’Djamena N’Djamena Chad University of Sciences and Technology of Ati (USTA) Ati Chad National Higher Institute of Sciences and Techniques of Abéché (INSTA) Abéché Chad

A trial on Acacia albida leaf supplementation on reproductive parameters and pre-weaning growth of Arabian lambs was conducted from September 2020 to May 2021 at the small ruminant station of the Livestock Research Institute for Development (IRED) in N’Djamena, Chad. Forty-eight (48) Arabian sheep (45 non-pregnant females and 3 males for a sex ratio of 1 ram to 15 ewes) with an average weight of 20.3 ± 1.2 kg and aged approximately 2 years were divided into 3 groups of 15 ewes each. The supplemented group received in addition to the dominant forage of the pasture (300 g of Dactyloctenium aegyptium + 300 g of Cenchrus ciliaris + 600 g of Panicum maximum), 400 g and 600 g of Acacia albida leaves/animal/day while the control group received only 300 g of Dactyloctenium aegyptium + 300 g of Cenchrus ciliaris + 600 g of Panicum maximum. From the results of this study, it appears that the ewes that received 400 g of Acacia albida leaves had a significantly higher fertility rate and birth mortality rate (93.03% and 6.25% respectively). Animals in the control group had a significantly higher pre-weaning mortality rate than those receiving Acacia albida leaves as a supplement (16.66% versus 6.66% and 14.28% respectively). The highest weight of the lambs was observed in the ration supplemented with 600 g of Acacia albida leaves (12209.66 g). The total weight gain, as well as the average daily weight gain of the lambs receiving the 600 g Acacia albida leaf ration was significantly higher than those of the other rations. Supplementation with 400 g and 600 g of Acacia albida leaves can be recommended as a protein supplement for breeding ewes and pre-weaned lambs.

关键词： Acacia albida Lamb Growth Weaning Supplementation

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The Role of ruminants on Environmental Pollution and Possible Solution to Reduce Global Warming

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Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology(A) 2018年第4期8卷 239-252页

作者： Luigi Zicarelli Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal production UniversitàFederico IINapol 80137Italy

The aim of the work was to shed light on the responsibility of ruminants to inject methane(CH4)into the atmosphere and to highlight how about 70%of livestock and almost all small ruminants live in areas of the planet,usually the poorest,where it is not possible to produce food for the *** to many authors,ruminant breeding is one of the main causes of deforestation and global warming observed in recent years and 11%-12% of world population’s malnutrition depends mainly on the increase in ruminant rearing that is also responsible for the poor efficiency in producing nutrients.A further objective is to highlight those factors that,for various reasons,are *** have contributed both to the work,still used in many areas(just think of the hilly fields of rice in Asia),both with the supply of noble proteins to be one of the main factors that allowed the evolution of human *** think that where(Europe,Asia minor,Indian sub-continent)milk was used for feeding children,the numerical increase in human population was faster than the areas where its use was unknown(Americas and Australia).The most fertile soils,like the Great Plains of the United States,are those that in the past were populated by ruminants like the *** scientists argue that humans are a species that is supposed to eat fruit *** ignore that Homo habilis has evolved since he became *** primates complement their diet with small mammals,crabs,crustaceans,molluscs,amphibians,worms and even fish trapped in some ponds during the low tide *** ignore or want to ignore that primitive man chose the flesh driven by instinct because they needed vitamin *** deforestation,many of the areas currently used as pastures have been obtained by burning forests,but it is not sufficiently stressed that all areas used today by man come from forest areas and that every year millions of hectares of forests are destroyed due to accidental fires or are caus

关键词： ruminants deforestation methane global warming primates endangered species water consumption human undernutrition

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