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Multiyear Observations of Deposition-Mode Ice Nucleating Particles at Two High-Altitude Stations in India

Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2017年第12期34卷 1437-1446页

作者： Sandeep D.WAGH Baban NAGARE Sanjay D.MORE P.Pradeep KUMAR Department of Atmospheric and Space Sciences Savitribai Phule Pune University Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology Pashan skymet weather services pvt ltd.

Ice nucleating particle(INP) measurements were made at two high-altitude stations in India. Aerosols collected on filter paper at Girawali Observatory, Inter University Center for Astronomy & Astrophysics(IGO), and at the Radio Astronomy Center, Ooty(RAC), were activated in deposition mode using a thermal gradient diffusion chamber to determine the INP concentrations. The measurement campaigns at IGO were conducted during 2011, 2013 and 2014, and at RAC during 2013 and 2014. When the aerosol samples were exposed to an ice supersaturation of between 5% and 23% in the temperature range-17.6?C to-22?C, the maximum INP number concentration at IGO and RAC was 1.0 L-1and 1.6 L-1, respectively.A maximum correlation coefficient of 0.76 was observed between the INP number concentration and ice supersaturation. The airmass trajectories analyzed for the measurement campaigns showed that the Arabian Desert and arid regions were the main INP contributors. Elemental analysis of particles showed the presence of Na, Cl, Si, Al, Fe, Cu, Co, Cd, S, Mn and K, as well as some rare-Earth elements like Mo, Ru, La, Ce, V and Zr. When aerosols in the size range 0.5–20 μm were considered, the fraction that acted as INPs was 1 : 104to 1 : 106at IGO, and 1 : 103to 1 : 104at RAC. The higher ratio of INPs to aerosols at RAC than IGO may be attributable to the presence of rare-Earth elements observed in the aerosol samples at RAC, which were absent at IGO.

关键词： ice nuclei diffusion chamber aerosol high-altitude observation

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Environmental factors and their role in the transmission of SARS-CoV-2

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Biosafety and Health 2021年第5期3卷 235-237页

作者： Dawid Maciorowski Divakar Sharma Adinarayana Kunamneni Grousbeck Gene Therapy Center Schepens Eye Research Institute and Massachusetts Eye and Ear InfirmaryBostonMAUSA Division of Medical Sciences Harvard UniversityBostonMAUSA Hericure Healthcare pvt ltd PuneIndia Department of Microbiology Maulana Azad Medical CollegeNew Delhi 110002India Division of Infectious Diseases Department of Internal MedicineMayo ClinicJacksonvilleFLUSA

In December of 2019,several cases of atypical pneumonia caused by an unknown agent were reported in Wuhan,the capital city of Hubei Province in *** early January 2020,it was announced that these cases were caused by a novel *** virus was later named Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2),which causes a disease associated with atypical pneumonia termed Corona virus disease 2019(COVID-19).Several respiratory viruses,including coronaviruses and influenza viruses tend to have prominent peaks of infection during colder seasons,especially in temperate *** cold temperatures,along with accompanying dry conditions can drive respiratory tract infections by assisting with viral transmission,weakening the human immune system,and increasing viral molecular *** the topic of SARS-CoV-2 transmission and warm weather has been associated with misinformation campaigns,it is worth investigating since an informative answer may give an indication of the future behavior of SARS-CoV-2.

关键词： COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2 Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 Environmental factors

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