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Fluid evolution and hydrocarbon accumulation model of ultra-deep gas reservoirs in Permian Qixia Formation of northwest Sichuan Basin,SW China

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Petroleum Exploration and Development 2022年第4期49卷 719-730页

作者： LI Jianzhong BAI Bin BAI Ying LU Xuesong ZHANG Benjian QIN Shengfei SONG Jinmin JIANG Qingchun HUANG Shipeng Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration&Development PetroChinaBeijing 100083China Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration&Development of PetroChina southwest oil&gas Field company Chengdu 610051China College of Energy Resources Chengdu University of TechnologyChengdu 610059China

The fluid evolution and reservoir formation model of the ultra-deep gas reservoirs in the Permian Qixia Formation of the northwestern Sichuan Basin are investigated by using thin section,cathodoluminescence,inclusion temperature and U-Pb isotopic dating,combined with gas source identification plates and reservoir formation evolution profiles established based on burial history,thermal history,reservoir formation history and diagenetic evolution sequence.The fluid evolution of the marine ultra-deep gas reservoirs in the Qixia Formation has undergone two stages of dolomitization and one phase of hydrothermal action,two stages of oil and gas charging and two stages of associated burial dissolution.The diagenetic fluids include ancient seawater,atmospheric freshwater,deep hydrothermal fluid and hydrocarbon fluids.The two stages of hydrocarbon charging happened in the Late Triassic and Late Jurassic–Early Cretaceous respectively,and the Middle to Late Cretaceous is the period when the crude oil cracked massively into gas.The gas reservoirs in deep marine Permian strata of northwest Sichuan feature multiple source rocks,composite transportation,differential accumulation and late finalization.The natural gas in the Permian is mainly cracked gas from Permian marine mixed hydrocarbon source rocks,with cracked gas from crude oil in the deeper Sinian strata in local parts.The scale development of paleo-hydrocarbon reservoirs and the stable and good preservation conditions are the keys to the forming large-scale gas reservoirs.

关键词： Sichuan Basin northwest Sichuan Basin Permian Qixia Formation accumulation evolution fluid sources hydrocarbon charging gas accumulation

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Research on conversion time between lost circulation and overflow for the fractured stratum

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Petroleum 2020年第1期6卷 98-105页

作者： Rongguo Nie Hongwei Xia Liangjie Mao Mingjie Cai School of Engineering Southwest Petroleum UniversityNanchong637000China State Key Laboratory of oil and gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation Southwest Petroleum UniversityChengdu610500China Engineering Technology Research Institute PetroChina Southwest Oil&Gas Field CompanyGuanghan618300China Chengdu Gaopu Petroleum Engineering Technology Co.Ltd Chengdu610000China

A new model was established based on the flow model of the drilling fluid in one-dimensional radial fracture to research the influencing factors on conversion time between lost circulation and overflow for multi-pressure system in fractured reservoirs.And the equation of the conversion time between lost circulation and overflow is obtained by solving the mathematical model.The model were validated by reproducing the field data from Sichuan oil field and the simulation results of references.The influences of consistency index,liquidity index,dynamic shear force,drilling fluid density,drilling fluid intrusion depth,pressure of lost circulation layer,crack width,decreased height of annular liquid level,pressure of high-pressure layer were analyzed.Results indicate that conversion time between lost circulation and overflow increases with the increasing consistency index,liquidity index,dynamic shear force,drilling fluid density,drilling fluid intrusion depth,pressure of lost circulation layer.Conversion time between lost circulation and overflow decreases with the increasing crack width,decreased height of annular liquid level,pressure of high-pressure layer.The time interval of“Hang's Muddingoff”operating should be appropriately less than the conversion time between lost circulation and overflow.Under the premise of ensuring wellbore safety,appropriately increasing the consistency index,liquidity index and dynamic shear force of the drilling fluid can effectively increase the conversion time between lost circulation and overflow in large fractured stratum.

关键词： Fractured stratum Conversion time Lost circulation Overflow

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Productivity model for gas reservoirs with open-hole multi-fracturing horizontal wells and optimization of hydraulic fracture parameters

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Petroleum 2017年第4期3卷 454-460页

作者： Jianqiang Xue Nianyin Li Xiaobing Lu Suiwang Zhang Yong Wang State Key Lab of oil and gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation Southwest Petroleum UniversityChengdu 610500SichuanChina Research Institute of oil&gas Technology PetroChina Changqing Oilfield CompanyXi'an 710018ShanxiChina

Multi-fractured horizontal wells are commonly employed to improve the productivity of low and ultra-low permeability gas reservoirs.However,conventional productivity models for open-hole multi-fractured horizontal wells do not consider the interferences between hydraulic fractures and the open-hole segments,resulting in significant errors in calculation results.In this article,a novel productivity prediction model for gas reservoirs with open-hole multi-fractured horizontal wells was proposed based on complex potential theories,potential superimposition,and numerical analysis.Herein,an open-hole segment between two adjacent fractures was regarded as an equivalent fracture,which was discretized as in cases of artificial fractures.The proposed model was then applied to investigate the effects of various parameters,such as the angle between the fracture and horizontal shaft,fracture quantity,fracture length,diversion capacity of fractures,horizontal well length,and inter-fracture distance,on the productivity of low permeability gas reservoirs with multi-fractured horizontal wells.Simulation results revealed that the quantity,length,and distribution of fractures had significant effects on the productivity of low permeability gas reservoirs while the effects of the diversion capacity of fractures and the angle between the fracture and horizontal shaft were negligible.Additionally,a U-shaped distribution of fracture lengths was preferential as the quantity of fractures at shaft ends was twice that in the middle area.

关键词： Low permeability gas reservoir Multi-fractured horizontal well Productivity prediction Open-hole completion Unsteady-state flow Fracture parameters optimization

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Analysis of the Oldest Carbonate gas Reservoir in China——New Geological Significance of the Dengying gas Reservoir in the Weiyuan Structure, Sichuan Basin

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Journal of Earth Science 2019年第2期30卷 348-366页

作者： Xiao Liang Shugen Liu Shubei Wang Bin Deng Siyu Zhou Wenxin Ma State Key Laboratory of oil and gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation Chengdu University of Technology Institute of Geological Exploration and Development of CNPC Chuanqing Drilling Engineering Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development Petro China Southwest Oil&Gas Field Company BGP Inc. China National Petroleum Corporation

The Weiyuan Structure is the largest surface structure in the Sichuan Basin. However, the abundance of the Dengying Formation gas reservoir in the Weiyuan Structure is low. The height of the gas column is 244 m, but the integrated abundance is only 26.4%. After nearly 40 years of exploration, the Gaoshi1 Well and Moxi8 Well yielded gas flows that marked an important exploration success after the discovery of the Sinian Dengying Formation gas reservoir in the Weiyuan Structure, Sichuan Basin, Lower-Paleozoic in 1964. Combined with research examples of oil and gas migration and gas chimneys around the world, the authors used comprehensive geological-geophysical-geochemical research methods to provide a reasonable explanation of the low abundance of the gas reservoir in the Weiyuan Structure based on the surface and subsurface data. The latest research results show that(1) currently, the Weiyuan Structure is the apex of the Dengying Formation in the Mid-Sichuan Basin. The Guang'an, Longnüsi, Gaoshiti-Moxi, and Weiyuan structures are a series of traps in the Dengying Formation with gradual uplifting spill and closure points during the regional uplift of the Himalayan period. The natural gas of the Dengying Formation accumulated in different ways over a wide range and long distance in the Sichuan Basin.(2) At approximately 40 Ma, the Weiyuan area started to uplift and form the present structure, and it is the only outcropped area with the Triassic Jialingjiang Formation and Leikoupo Formation in the surface of the Sichuan Basin(except the steep structural belt in East Sichuan). Caused by the uplift and denudation, the core of the Weiyuan Structure has formed an escaping "skylight" for natural gas. The evidence of a gas chimney includes(1) the component percentage of non-hydrocarbon gas, which decreased from the bottom to the top,(2) the pressure coefficient is normal because the gas reservoir from the Upper Sinian to the Lower Permian commonly have a normal pressure coefficient(an average of 1.0), and(3) the isotope g

关键词： Sichuan Basin Weiyuan Structure Dengying Formation late reconstruction differential accumulation gas chimney

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Numerical simulation for erosion effects of three-phase flow containing sulfur particles on elbows in high sour gas fields

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Petroleum 2018年第2期4卷 158-167页

作者： Enbo Zhang Dezhi Zeng Hongjun Zhu Shuanggui Li Dongbo Chen Jie Li Yanyan Ding Gang Tian State Key Laboratory of oil&gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation Southwest Petroleum UniversityChengdu 610500China Research Institute of Engineering and Technology Northwest Oilfield CompanySinopecUrumqi 830011China Engineering Technology Research Institute of Xinjiang oilfield company Karamay 834000China

Sulfur particles carried by high-speed flow impact pipelines,which may cause equipment malfunctions and even failure.This paper investigates the scouring effect of mist gas containing sulfur particles on elbows in highly sour gas fields.The multiphase-flow hydrodynamic model of the 90elbow was established by using the computational fluid dynamics(CFD)method.The scouring effects of the gasliquid mist fluid with the water-liquid fraction of 20%and particles with the diameter of 0.01 e0.05mm on elbows were explored within the flow velocity range of 0e20 m/s.In addition,the influences of secondary collision,mean curvature radius to diameter(R/D)ratio,inertial force,drag force,and Stokes number on trajectories of sulfur particles were studied.Moreover,the influences of hydrodynamic parameters of multiphase flow on corrosion inhibitor film were analyzed with the wall shear stress as the reference value.Serious erosion mainly occurred in the extrados of elbow as well as the junction between downstream pipeline and the intrados of elbow,the maximum erosion area occurs at 61.9.When the incident position of the particle was far away from the top of the inlet plane,the probability of secondary collision became smaller.Furthermore,the erosion rate decreased with the rise in the R/D radio.The maximum erosion rate of elbow increased with the increase in the Stoke number.The maximum erosion rate reached 0.428 mm/a at 0.05mm particle diameter and 20 m/s fluid velocity.The wall shear stress increased with the increase in fluid velocity and mass flow rate of particle,the fitting function of the wall shear stress curve was the Fourier type.The results indicated that highvelocity particles had a serious erosion effect on elbows and affected the stability of the corrosion inhibitor film.The erosion effect could be retarded by controlling the velocity and diameter of particles.The results provided technical supports for the safe production in highly sour gas fields.

关键词： Sour gas field Elbow Sulfur particle Trajectory Erosion Numerical simulation

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Preparation of a functional fracturing fluid with temperature-and salt-resistance,and low damage using a double crosslinking network

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Petroleum Science 2023年第5期20卷 3223-3230页

作者： Yang Zhang An Chen Jin-Cheng Mao Song-Hai Qin Jin Li Xiao-Jiang Yang Chong Lin Zhi-Yu Huang Ya-Fei Liu State Key Laboratory of oil and gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation Southwest Petroleum UniversityChengduSichuan610500China Development Division PetroChina Southwest Oil and Gas Field CompanyChengduSichuan610066China Downhole Services company CNPC Bohai Drilling Engineering Company LtdRenqiuHebei062550China sinopec Zhongyuan oilfield company PuyangHenan457001China

Fracturing fluids(FFs)have been widely used to stimulate the tight reservoir.However,current FFs will not only lose their rheological property at high temperatures and high salt but also show an incomplete gel-breaking property.Herein,a double crosslinking network FF with pretty superiorities in rheology and low damage to the core was constructed by introducing both physical crosslinking and chemical crosslinking into the system.The construction of double crosslinking networks enhanced the rheology of this functional FF.The particle sizes of gel-breaking fluids are mainly distributed in 1.0e10,000 nm;furthermore,for every 10,000 mg/L increase in salinity,the particle size of the gel-breaking fluid is decreased by almost half.The adsorption capacity(<1.0 mg/g)gradually decreased with the increase of salinity at 20℃.Moreover,the adsorption of gel-breaking fluids on the rock decreased first and then kept stable with temperature increasing at a salinity of ≤30,000 mg/L,however,showed the opposite trend at 40,000 mg/L.The results of rheology,particle size,static adsorption,and core damage showed that this functional FF could be an alternative for the stimulation of a tight reservoir with high temperature and recycling of produced water with high salinity.

关键词： Fracturing fluid Temperature-and salt-resistance Particle size Static adsorption Low damage

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Origin of dolomites in the Permian dolomitic reservoirs of Fengcheng Formation in Mahu Sag,Junggar Basin, NW China

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Petroleum Exploration and Development 2023年第1期50卷 43-56页

作者： TANG Yong LYU Zhengxiang HE Wenjun QING Yuanhua LI Xiang SONG Xiuzhang YANG Sen CAO Qinming QIAN Yongxin ZHAO Xinmei PetroChina Xinjiang oilfield company Karamay 834000China College of Energy Resources Chengdu University of TechnologyChengdu 610059China State Key Laboratory of oil and gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation Chengdu University of TechnologyChengdu 610059China Petroleum Exploration and Development Institute PetroChina Xinjiang Oilfield CompanyKaramay 834000China School of History and Geography Chengdu Normal UniversityChengdu 611130China CNOOC Experimental Center CNOOC EnerTech-Drilling&Production Co.Tianjin 300450China Sinopec Southwest Oil&Gas Company Chengdu 610041China

Origin of authigenic dolomites in the dolomitic reservoir of the Permian Fengcheng Formation in the Mahu Sag of Junggar Basin is unclear.Occurrence and genetic evolution of the authigenic dolomites in dolomitic rock reservoir of the Fengcheng Formation in the Mahu Sag were analyzed by polarized and fluorescence thin sections,scanning electron microscope(SEM),electron microprobe(EMP),C,O and Sr isotopes analysis,and other techniques.(1)Dolomites were mainly precipitated in three stages:penecontemporaneous-shallow burial stage(early stage of the Middle Permian),middle burial stage(middle stage of the Middle Permian),and middle-deep burial stage,with the former two stages in dominance.(2)Dolomitization fluid was high-salinity brine originating from alkaline lake.In the penecontemporaneous-shallow burial stage,Mg^(2+)was mainly supplied by alkaline-lake fluid and devitrification of volcanic glass.In the middle burial stage,Mg^(2+)mainly came from the transformation of clay minerals,devitrification of volcanic glass and dissolution of aluminosilicates such as feldspar.(3)Regular changes of Mg,Mn,Fe,Sr,Si and other elements during the growth of dolomite were mainly related to the alkaline-lake fluid,and to different influences of devitrification and diagenetic alteration of volcanic materials during the burial.(4)In the penecontemporaneous stage,induced by alkaline-lake microorganisms,the micritic-microcrystalline dolomites were formed by primary precipitation,replacement of aragonite and high-Mg calcite,and other processes;in the shallow burial stage,the silt-sized dolomites were formed by continuous growth of micritic-microcrystalline dolomite and replacement of calcites,tuffs and other substances;in the middle burial stage,the dolomites,mainly silt-and fine-sized,were formed by replacement of volcanic materials.The research results are referential for investigating the formation mechanism and distribution patterns of tight dolomitic reservoirs in the Mahu Sag and other similar oil and gas bearing areas.

关键词： dolomitic rock dolomite origin tight oil reservoir Permian Fengcheng Formation Mahu Sag Junggar Basin fluid source fluid evolution isotopic composition

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Characteristics,classification and KNN-based evaluation of paleokarst carbonate reservoirs:A case study of Feixianguan Formation in northeastern Sichuan Basin,China

能源地球科学(英文)

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能源地球科学(英文) 2023年第3期4卷 113-126页

作者： Yang Ren Wei Wei Peng Zhu Xiuming Zhang Keyong Chen Yisheng Liu Northeast Sichuan gas Field PetroChina Southwest Oil&Gas Field CompanyDazhouSichuan 635000PR China College of Energy Chengdu University of TechnologyChengduSichuan 610059PR China

The Feixianguan Formation reservoirs in northeastern Sichuan are mainly a suite of carbonate platform deposits.The reservoir types are diverse with high heterogeneity and complex genetic mechanisms.Pores,vugs and fractures of different genetic mechanisms and scales are often developed in association,and it is difficult to classify reservoir types merely based on static data such as outcrop observation,and cores and logging data.In the study,the reservoirs in the Feixianguan Formation are grouped into five types by combining dynamic and static data,that is,karst breccia-residual vuggy type,solution-enhanced vuggy type,fractured-vuggy type,fractured type and matrix type(non-reservoir).Based on conventional logging data,core data and formation microscanner image(FMI)data of the Qilibei block,northeastern Sichuan Basin,the reservoirs are classified in accordance with fracture-vug matching relationship.Based on the principle of cluster analysis,K-Nearest Neighbor(KNN)classification templates are established,and the applicability of the model is verified by using the reservoir data from wells uninvolved in modeling.Following the analysis of the results of reservoir type discrimination and the production of corresponding reservoir intervals,the contributions of various reservoir types to production are evaluated and the reliability of reservoir type classification is verified.The results show that the solution-enhanced vuggy type is of high-quality sweet spot reservoir in the study area with good physical property and high gas production,followed by the fractured-vuggy type,and the fractured and karst breccia-residual vuggy types are the least promising.

关键词： Carbonate reservoir Reservoir type Cluster analysis K-Nearest Neighbor(KNN) Feixianguan Formation Sichuan basin

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Texture development of mesophase in reservoir pyrobitumen and the temperature-pressure converting of the gas reservoir in the Chuanzhong Uplift, southwestern China

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Petroleum Science 2023年第2期20卷 721-732页

作者： Cheng-Yu Yang Mei-Jun Li Tie-Guan Wang Ning-Ning Zhong Rong-Hui Fang Long Wen State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting China University of PetroleumBeijing102249China oil&gas Survey China Geological SurveyBeijing100083China The Key Laboratory of Unconventional Petroleum Geology China Geological SurveyBeijing100083China Exploration and Development Research Institute of southwest oil&gasfield company PetroChinaChengduSichuan610041China

The Neoproterozoic-Lower Paleozoic dolostone gas reservoirs in the Chuanzhong Uplift in southwestern China contain the mesophase pyrobitumen (pyrobitumen with mesophase). The mesophase in the pyrobitumen is mostly composed of a mixture of condensed macromolecule polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), and has been mostly converted to various grain, flow, and domain textures. The volcanic activity nearby the Chuanzhong Uplift may have generated very hot (over 300 °C) hydrothermal fluid, with migration of the fluid into the dolostone reservoir transforming the hydrocarbons in the reservoir into an anisotropic carbon by-product, which formed under high temperature and pressure conditions;over 300 °C and 200 MPa according to fluid inclusion analysis. The high temperature-pressure in reservoir was caused by sudden devolatilization of the hydrocarbons due to hydrothermal heating, which formed the unusual texture of the mesophase. The elliptical mesophase grains (EG), the honeycomb structure of pyrobitumen, and the occurrence of polarized classes of mesophase in single pyrobitumen deposits are all unusual textures. This study investigates the texture development of this pressure-affected pyrobitumen. Observation and study of the mesophase suggest that the class of mesophase in pyrobitumen is determined by temperature, while pressure (assessed from associated fluid inclusions) significantly affected the texture. Analysis of the texture of the pyrobitumen in conjunction with previous thermometry results from methane inclusions suggests that the high class mesophase of the pyrobitumen could be applied as a temperature indicator for geological conditions. Furthermore, the unusual textures of the pyrobitumen including elliptical mesophase grains (EG), the honeycomb structure of pyrobitumen, and the occurrence of polarized classes of mesophase in single pyrobitumen could reflect the abnormal high formation pressure.

关键词： Pyrobitumen Mesophase Optical texture Pressure affect oil reservoir Chuanzhong Uplift

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Temperature/salt tolerance and oil recovery of xanthan gum solution enhanced by surface-modified nanosilicas

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Petroleum Science 2023年第1期20卷 577-589页

作者： Long Xu Xu Liu Hong-Yu Ding Huan Zhang Lei Liu Jing-Hui Li Hou-Jian Gong Ming-Zhe Dong Shandong Key Laboratory of oilfield Chemistry School of Petroleum EngineeringChina University of Petroleum(East China)QingdaoShandong266580China Key Laboratory of Unconventional oil&gas Development(China University of Petroleum(East China)) Ministry of EducationQingdaoShandong266580China Northwest company of China Petroleum and Chemical Corporation SINOPECUrumqiXinjiang830011China

Amide-and alkyl-modified nanosilicas(AANPs)were synthesized and introduced into Xanthan gum(XG)solution,aiming to improve the temperature/salt tolerance and oil recovery.The rheological behaviors of XG/AANP hybrid dispersions were systematically studied at different concentrations,temperatures and inorganic salts.At high temperature(75C)and high salinity(10,000 mg,L1 NaCl),AANPs increase the apparent viscosity and dynamic modulus of the XG solution,and XG/AANP hybrid dispersion exhibits elastic-dominant properties.The most effective concentrations of XG and AANP interacting with each other are 1750 mg·L^(-1) and 0.74 wt%,respectively.The temperature tolerance of XG solution is not satisfactory,and high temperature further weakens the salt tolerance of XG.However,the AANPs significantly enhance the viscoelasticity the XG solution through hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic effect.Under reservoir conditions,XG/AANP hybrid recovers approximately 18.5%more OOIP(original oil in place)than AANP and 11.3%more OOIP than XG.The enhanced oil recovery mechanism of the XG/AANP hybrid is mainly increasing the sweep coefficient,the contribution from the reduction of oil-water interfacial tension is less.

关键词： Temperature/salt tolerance Rheology Surface-modified nanosilicas Xanthan gum Enhanced oil recovery Synergy

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