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Characterization of favorable lithofacies in tight sandstone reservoirs and its significance for gas exploration and exploitation: A case study of the 2nd Member of Triassic Xujiahe Formation in the Xinchang area, Sichuan Basin

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petroleum exploration and Development 2020年第6期47卷 1194-1205页

作者： LIU Junlong LIU Zhongqun XIAO Kaihua HUANG Yanqing JIN Wujun sinopec exploration&production research institute Beijing 100083China

By using core,logging curves,and experiment data,favorable lithofacies types in the 2 nd Member of Triassic Xujiahe Formation in the Xinchang area,Sichuan Basin were classified,standard of the favorable lithofacies was established,planar distribution regularities of the favorable lithofacies were identified,and forming mechanisms of the favorable lithofacies and their control effect on production were examined.(1)The 2 nd Member of Xujiahe Formation has twelve types of lithofacies,among which multiple layer medium-coarse grain sandstone lithofacies,parallel bedding medium-coarse grain sandstone lithofacies,massive bedding medium-coarse grain sandstone lithofacies,inclined bedding medium-coarse grain sandstone lithofacies,and charcoal-bearing medium-coarse grain sandstone lithofacies with better physical properties and higher gas content are favorable lithofacies;they feature low gamma,low neutron porosity,low resistivity,and high acoustic travel time on logging curves.(2)The sedimentary process controls spatial distribution of sand bodies which are the material basis of the favorable lithofacies;post diagenetic fluids would differentially reconstruct the favorable lithofacies;tectonic activities and abnormal formation pressure made strata slide along the weakness plane,giving rise to fractures in different types of rocks,which can enhance the reservoir permeability significantly.(3)The development degree of favorable lithofacies is a major factor affecting stable production of gas well.

关键词： tight sandstone reservoir favorable lithofacies reservoir characterization Triassic Xujiahe Formation Xinchang area Sichuan Basin

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A new understanding of Jurassic provenance and sedimentary framework in northwestern Sikeshu Sag, Junggar Basin, China

Energy Geoscience

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Energy Geoscience 2022年第4期3卷 372-380页

作者： Lanquan Zhao Haomin Qin Chengqian Yu Chaonian Si Wen Jiang Aifeng Cao exploration and Development research institute Shengli Oilfield CompanySinopecDongying257015China Beijing Jingyan Geotechnical Co. LtdBeijing100000China School of Energy Resources China University of GeosciencesBeijing100083China sinopec exploration&production research institute Beijing102206China

For a basin or sag with low exploration maturity,the understanding of its provenance system and clastic distribution system is the key to the analysis of its sedimentary framework and further influence the decision making and deployment of exploration.This study analyzed the Jurassic provenance of the Sikeshu Sag based on the data from cores,well logging,and seismic survey.The analysis of seismic profile characteristics revealed that there is a remote possibility that the Chepaizi Uplift in the northern part serves as the main Jurassic provenance of the Sikeshu Sag.On the contrary,systematic indicative signs of provenance have developed in the study area,including west-to-east progradational reflection config-urations and composite mounded reflections that show bi-directional downlapping contact in both the south and north directions.These systematic indicative signs suggest that the denuded uplift area in the western part is the main Jurassic provenance in the study area.Controlled by the provenance in the western part,the study area shows an orderly distribution of paleosedimentary systems from west to east and from shallow to deep water.The paleosedimentary system mainly exhibits the following characteristics after undergoing later high-intensity transformation.(1)The western part is dominated by the subfacies of a braided river delta front and is composed of three microfacies including distributary channels,interdistributary bays,and sandbars;(2)The middle and eastern parts show a semi-deep lacustrine environment,where debris flow sedimentary systems of slumping origin or in deep can-yons,gullies and channels connected to the denudation area developed from west to east.These debris flow sedimentary systems jointly form the clastic sedimentary system under the control of western provenance.

关键词： Clastic rock Jurassic system Provenance system Sedimentary framework Sikeshu Sag Junggar Basin

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The first extra-large helium-rich gas field identified in a tight sandstone of the Dongsheng Gas Field,Ordos Basin,China

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Science China Earth Sciences 2022年第5期65卷 874-881页

作者： Weilong PENG Quanyou LIU Ying ZHANG Huichong JIA Dongya ZHU Qingqiang MENG Xiaoqi WU Shang DENG Yongsheng MA State Key Laboratory of Shale Oil and Gas Enrichment Mechanisms and Effective Development Beijing 100083China petroleum exploration and production research institute SINOPECBeijing 100083China exploration and production research institute SINOPEC North China BranchZhengzhou 450006China Ma Yongsheng’s Laboratory Beijing 100083China sinopec Company Limited Beijing 100728China

Helium gas is a scarce but important strategic resource,which is usually associated with natural gas.Presently,only one extra-large helium-rich gas field has been found in China:the Hetianhe Gas Field in the Tarim Basin.This paper reports a new example,the Dongsheng Gas Field(DGF)in the Ordos Basin.In this study,92 natural gas samples from the DGF were analyzed for helium content and isotope composition using isotope mass spectrometry.The natural gas samples were found to have an average helium content of 0.133%,with 65(70.7%)of the samples having a helium content of 0.1%or more.Based on the proven natural gas reserves of the DGF,the proven geological helium reserves were calculated to be 1.96×10^(8)m^(3),suggesting that it represents the first extra-large helium-rich natural gas reservoir to be hosted in tight sandstone in China.The ^(3)He/^(4)He ratios of 5 natural gas samples from the DGF are within the range of 3.03×10^(−8)–3.44×10^(−8).Therefore,the helium in the gas field is thought to be of typical crustal origin and to have formed in the granitic basement that is rich in uranium and thorium.The accumulation of helium-rich natural gas was controlled by regional tectonic activities.Activity along the fault connecting the reservoir with the basement caused release of the helium gas,which entered the overlying strata along the fault and accumulated with conventional hydrocarbon gas.Based on the structural background and the distribution of helium source rocks in the Ordos Basin,the main helium source rocks with high exploration potential are located in deep strata within the north and middle parts of the basin.

关键词： Helium gas Granitic basement Radiogenesis Dongsheng Gas Field Ordos Basin

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Lacustrine shale oiliness influenced by diabase intrusions in the Paleogene Funing Formation,Subei Basin,China

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petroleum Science 2023年第5期20卷 2683-2694页

作者： Biao Sun Xiao-Ping Liu Jie Liu Qi-Dong Liu Hong-Liang Duan Shi-Li Liu Ming Guan Tian Liu Zu-Xian Hua Kai Sheng Yu-Jie Xing State Key Laboratory of petroleum Resources and Prospecting China University of Petroleum(Beijing)Beijing102249China College of Geosciences China University of Petroleum(Beijing)Beijing102249China International petroleum exploration and production Corporation SINOPECBeijing100029China research institute of exploration and Development SINOPEC Jiangsu Oilfield CompanyJiangsu225009China

The research on the correlation between hydrocarbon accumulations and magmatic activities has always attracted aroused much wide attention.Existing research has primarily the hydrocarbon generations capability of source rocks and the quality of reservoirs by diabase intrusions.whereas,rare systematic research has been conducted on the oiliness and enrichment mechanism.To be specific,the diabase intrusive zone,the contact metamorphic zone and the normal shale zone of the Funing Formation in the Gaoyou Sag,Subei Basin were taken as the object of this study.Moreover,in this study,the hydrocarbon generation quality,reservoir quality,and oil-bearing quality of diabase-metamorphic zone-normal shale were evaluated using X-ray diffractions,argon ion polishing-field emission scanning electron microscope,energy spectrum,rock slice/light-sheet microscopic observations,organic geochemical tests,N_(2) gas adsorption and 2D NMR tests.The results indicated that the intrusive zone,the metamorphic zone,and the normal zone were formed in order by the degree of effect of diabase intrusions.Secondly,the oil content of different parts exhibited significant heterogeneity due to the baking effect of diabase,and the metamorphic zone had the significantly better oil-bearing nature than the intrusive zone.Lastly,a distribution model was proposed for the diabase intrusive zone-metamorphic zone-normal surrounding rock zone.

关键词： Shale reservoirs Diabase intrusion Oiliness Funing formation

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Systematic improvement in Tong's B-type water drive method

能源地球科学(英文)

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能源地球科学(英文) 2023年第2期4卷 28-34页

作者： Zheyuan Fan Yudong Fan Yinghong Su sinopec petroleum exploration and production research institute Beijing102206China Oil and Gas Resources Survey China Geological SurveyBeijing100083China

Tong's B-type water drive method was proposed as early as the 1970s and has been widely applied in the dynamic prediction and effective evaluation of oilfield development.Through extensive applications and studies,many researchers found that the statistical constants in the formula of the Tong's B-type water drive method(also referred to as the Tong's B-type formula)are not applicable to multiple types of reservoirs,especially low-permeability ones,due to the limited range of reservoir types when the formula was conceived.Moreover,they put forward suggestions to improve the Tong's B-type formula,most of which focused on the research and calculation of the first constant in the formula.For oilfields in the development stages of high or ultra-high water cuts,it is widely accepted that different types of reservoirs have different limit water cuts.This understanding naturally makes it necessary to further modify the Tong's B-type formula.It is practically significant to establish the water drive formula and cross plot considering that the two constants in the formula vary with reservoir type.By analyzing the derivation process and conditions of the Tong's B-type formula,this study points out two key problems,i.e.,the two constants 7.5 and 1.69 in the formula are not applicable to all types of reservoir.Given this,this study establishes a function between key reservoir parameters and the first constant and another function between key reservoir parameters and recovery efficiency.Based on the established two functions and considering that different types of oil reservoir have different limit water cuts,this study develops an improved Tong's B-type formula and prepares the corresponding improved cross plot.The results of this study will improve the applicability and accuracy of Tong's B-type water drive method in predicting the trend of water cut increasing for different types of oil reservoirs.

关键词： Oilfield development Water drive curve Tong's B-Type water drive method Water cut increase trend Evaluation of development effect

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Restoration of the pre-Jurassic paleogeomorphology and its control on hydrocarbon distribution in western Ordos Basin

Energy Geoscience

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Energy Geoscience 2022年第4期3卷 485-494页

作者： Hui Yuan Shuai Yin Li Dong Chengqian Tan School of Earth Science and Engineering Xi'an Shiyou UniversityXi'an710065China sinopec petroleum exploration and production research institute Beijing100083China

In recent years,the discovery of the Jurassic oil reservoirs in the Western Thrust Belt of the Ordos Basin reveals that the Jurassic formation in this area has huge oil and gas potential.The pre-Jurassic paleo-geomorphology plays a vital role in the formation of the Jurassic oil reservoirs.In this paper,the impression method is applied to restore the pre-Jurassic paleogeomorphology of the Hongde area in the western Ordos Basin,using a large number of drilling,logging,well testing and the latest 3D seismic data.The pre-Jurassic paleogeomorphological units in the study area can be categorized into five groups,including ancient channel valley,ancient terrace,slope,interchannel mound,and low residual mound facies.The oil reservoirs are mainly distributed in highland areas such as slope belts and low residual mounds,the main areas where hydrocarbons accumulate.In addition,the branch ditches in the study area are developed to the southeast and merged into the Ganshan ancient channel.The sandstone in the confluence area of the branch gully is well sorted and connected under frequent scouring by the river.The sand bodies of good connectivity therefore form a drainage system for long-term hydrocarbon migration.The formation of the Jurassic reservoirs in the study area is mainly affected by sedimentary facies,deposition location,and hydrocarbon migration pathway(or fault)of pre-Jurassic paleo-morphology.The results from this study can be useful for the prediction of the Jurassic sweet spots in the western margin of the Ordos Basin.

关键词： Paleogeomorphology Sedimentary facies Hydrocarbon enrichment Jurassic reservoirs Sweet spots Ordos basin

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Global Oil and Gas M&A in 2021 and Its Prospect

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China Oil & Gas 2022年第1期29卷 39-44页

作者： Hou Mingyang sinopec exploration&production research institute

Overview of global oil and gas M&A in 2021.In 2021,under the combined influence of factors such as the resurgence of COVID-19 all over the world and the failure of OPEC+to reach a production agreement,WTI and Brent,two international benchmark oil prices,showed an overall volatile upward trend.They climbed from US$50/bbl at the beginning of the year to the peak of approximately US$90/bbl,an increase of more than 70%and recording a high level in the past seven years,and stayed at around US$75/bbl at the end of the year,driving a strong rebound in the global oil and gas M&A activity.

关键词： OPEC driving recording

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Prototypes,modifications,and hydrocarbon enrichment variations in basins influenced by Tethyan evolution:A comparative analysis of the Persian Gulf Basin and the Sichuan Basin

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Science China Earth Sciences 2023年第12期66卷 2871-2897页

作者： Zhiliang HE Zhijun JIN Shuangjian LI Guoping BAI Xueyan LV Jinrui GUO Jian GAO Jinyin YIN Yingqiang LI Dingye ZHENG China petroleum&Chemical Corporation Beijing 100728China institute of Energy Peking UniversityBejing 100871China sinopec petroleum exploration and production research institute Beijing 102206China sinopec Key Laboratory of Geology and Resources in Deep Stratum Beijing 102206China

The hydrocarbon accumulation modes and differences in the Tethyan realm serve as a hot research topic in the petroleum geology community at home and abroad.Both the Persian Gulf Basin in the Middle East and the Sichuan Basin in China,situated on the southern and northern sides of the Tethyan realm,respectively,record the whole geological process of the opening and closure of the Prototethys,the Paleotethys,and the Neotethys sequentially,exhibiting anomalous hydrocarbon enrichment.Based on the analysis of the plate tectonic evolution in the Tethyan realm,this study dissects the structures and hydrocarbon accumulation conditions of both basins.Followed by a systematic comparative analysis of the factors controlling hydrocarbon enrichment in the process of plate breakup and convergence in the Tethyan realm,this study proposes petroleum exploration targets in the realm.The results are as follows:(1)Since the Meso-Neoproterozoic,the Persian Gulf Basin and the Sichuan Basin have undergone similar tectonic evolution in the early stage but different in the late stage.Under the influence of the formation and evolution of the Prototethys,Paleotethys,and Neotethys oceans,both basins experienced multi-stage development and modification,forming two major extension-convergence cycles.Consequently,both basins are characterized by the vertical orderly superimposition of various basin prototypes in the order of rift-intracratonic basin(passive continental margin)-foreland.(2)The fact that the Tethyan realm was long located at medium-low latitudes and the local anoxic environment formed in the process of plate breakup and convergence played a vital role in the formation of extensive source rocks.The source rocks are predominantly distributed in underfilled rifts and deep depressions that were connected to the ocean in the unidirectional continental breakup process;basin-slopes and intra-shelf basins on passive continental margins;basinal lows within intracratonic basins,and underfilled foredeeps in foreland basins.The favorable ar

关键词： Tethyan realm Unidirectional breakup and convergence Basin prototype Structural modification Hydrocarbon enrichment exploration target Persian Gulf Basin Sichuan Basin

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Methane emissions from shale gas production sites in southern Sichuan,China:A field trial of methods

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气候变化研究进展:英文版 2023年第4期14卷 624-631页

作者： Ming XUE Xing-CHUN Li Yi-Wei ZHAO Dong-Dong CAO Xiang-Yu CUI Guang-Quan LIU Qian DING State Key Laboratory of petroleum Pollution Control Beijing 102206China CNPC research institute of Safety and Environmental Technology Beijing 102206China petroleum exploration and production research institute SINOPECBeijing 102206China

Shale gas is an important alternative natural gas source that can meet China's growing energy demand.However,methane emissions during shale gas production could largely determine whether it could be considered as a bridging clean energy source.In this study,we performed methane emission measurements using three methods(on-site optical gas imaging,on-site methane patrolling,and downwind measurement)at shale gas production sites in Sichuan province,China,covering 18 well sites with 81 wells.The results showed that flowback water tanks were the major methane sources,with valves,separators,chemical injection pumps,and pneumatic controllers as other sources.The methane concentrations inside the 18 sites ranged from 1.42 to 459μmol mol−1,with over 59%of the sites having the highest concentration less than 50μmol mol−1.The optical gas imaging method,with its low detection limit over 5000μmol mol−1,could not capture the emission effectively.The three successful downwind measurements resulted in site level emission rates between 0.02 and 0.17 kg h−1.When divided by the number of wells at each site,the emission intensity was 4%–28%of the wellhead emission factor for natural gas production in China.More measurements are required to better quantify methane emissions from shale gas sites in China.For sites in mountainous regions or long-term low-wind regions,detection methods other than downwind measurements should be suitable for quantifying site-level emissions.

关键词： Methane emission Shale gas On-site methane patrolling Downwind measurements Emission factor

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Enrichment mechanism and resource potential of shale-type helium:A case study of Wufeng Formation-Longmaxi Formation in Sichuan Basin

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Science China Earth Sciences 2023年第6期66卷 1279-1288页

作者： Haikuan NIE Quanyou LIU Wei DANG Pei LI Haikun SU Hanyong BAO Liang XIONG Zhujiang LIU Chuanxiang SUN Peixian ZHANG State Key Laboratory of Shale Oil and Gas Enrichment Mechanisms and Efficient Development Beijing 102206China sinopec Key Laboratory of Shale Oil/Gas exploration and production Technology Beijing 102206China petroleum exploration and production research institute SINOPECBeijing 102206China institute of Energy research Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China School of Earth Sciences and Engineering Xi’an Shiyou UniversityXi’an 710065China School of Energy Resources China University of Geosciences(Beijing)Beijing 100083China research institute of exploration and Development Jianghan Oilfield CompanySINOPECWuhan 430223China research institute of exploration and Development Southwest Oil&Gas CompanySINOPECChengdu 610041China sinopec exploration Company Chengdu 610041China research institute of exploration and Development East China Petroleum&Gas BranchSINOPECNanjing 210019China

China’s helium resource is highly dependent on overseas imports.Organic-rich and U/Th-rich shale reservoirs generally contain helium,and although the helium content is low,the total reserve is large.Therefore,the effective development and utilisation of shale-type helium resources is a realistic way to improve the security of helium resources in China.In this study,the generation mechanism,helium source and content,migration modes and pathways,controlling factors of enrichment,distribution pattern,and resource potential of the helium were analysed,using the Wufeng-Longmaxi shale in the Sichuan Basin and its periphery.Furthermore,countermeasures were proposed for shale-type helium exploration and development.The results show that the Wufeng-Longmaxi shale has a high content of U and Th and a good ability to generate helium.The helium is generated by a typical crustal source of helium and is characterised by self-generation,self-storage,and wide distribution.The helium resource potential is a product of its content and the resources of the associated natural gas.The continuous supply of helium and effective preservation are the main geological factors that control the enrichment of shale-type helium.The preliminary evaluation results show that the reserves of helium in proven shale gas reserves are 10.8×10^(8)m^(3)in the Sichuan Basin and its periphery,where the extra-large helium fields are likely to be discovered.Additionally,0.0912×10^(8)m^(3)of helium was produced,along with the annual production of shale gas.To avoid the waste of helium and to improve the self-supply ability,it is suggested that research on the resource potential,enrichment mechanism,and distribution pattern of shale-type helium should be carried out as soon as possible,and helium extraction techniques for helium-bearing natural gas should be studied.

关键词： Shale Helium content Enrichment mechanism Resource potential Sichuan Basin

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