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Characterization of favorable lithofacies in tight sandstone reservoirs and its significance for gas exploration and exploitation: A case study of the 2nd Member of Triassic Xujiahe Formation in the Xinchang area, Sichuan Basin

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petroleum exploration and Development 2020年第6期47卷 1194-1205页

作者： LIU Junlong LIU Zhongqun XIAO Kaihua HUANG Yanqing JIN Wujun sinopec exploration&production research institute Beijing 100083China

By using core,logging curves,and experiment data,favorable lithofacies types in the 2 nd Member of Triassic Xujiahe Formation in the Xinchang area,Sichuan Basin were classified,standard of the favorable lithofacies was established,planar distribution regularities of the favorable lithofacies were identified,and forming mechanisms of the favorable lithofacies and their control effect on production were examined.(1)The 2 nd Member of Xujiahe Formation has twelve types of lithofacies,among which multiple layer medium-coarse grain sandstone lithofacies,parallel bedding medium-coarse grain sandstone lithofacies,massive bedding medium-coarse grain sandstone lithofacies,inclined bedding medium-coarse grain sandstone lithofacies,and charcoal-bearing medium-coarse grain sandstone lithofacies with better physical properties and higher gas content are favorable lithofacies;they feature low gamma,low neutron porosity,low resistivity,and high acoustic travel time on logging curves.(2)The sedimentary process controls spatial distribution of sand bodies which are the material basis of the favorable lithofacies;post diagenetic fluids would differentially reconstruct the favorable lithofacies;tectonic activities and abnormal formation pressure made strata slide along the weakness plane,giving rise to fractures in different types of rocks,which can enhance the reservoir permeability significantly.(3)The development degree of favorable lithofacies is a major factor affecting stable production of gas well.

关键词： tight sandstone reservoir favorable lithofacies reservoir characterization Triassic Xujiahe Formation Xinchang area Sichuan Basin

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A CO_(2) storage potential evaluation method for saline aquifers in a petroliferous basin

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petroleum exploration and Development 2023年第2期50卷 484-491页

作者： LI Yang WANG Rui ZHAO Qingmin XUE Zhaojie ZHOU Yinbang China petroleum&Chemical Corporation Beijing 100728China Sinopec Petroleum Exploration&Production Research Institute Beijing 102206China

According to the requirements for large-scale project implementation, a four-scale and three-level CO_(2)storage potential evaluation method is proposed for saline aquifers in a petroliferous basin in China, considering geological,engineering and economic factors. The four scales include basin scale, depression scale, play scale and trap scale, and the three levels include theoretical storage capacity, engineering storage capacity, and economic storage capacity. The theoretical storage capacity can be divided into four trapping mechanisms, i.e. structural & stratigraphic trapping, residual trapping, solubility trapping and mineral trapping, depending upon the geological parameters, reservoir conditions and fluid properties in the basin. The engineering storage capacity is affected by the injectivity, storage security pressure, well number, and injection time.The economic storage capacity mainly considers the carbon pricing yield, drilling investment, and operation cost, based on the break-even principle. Application of the method for saline aquifer in the Gaoyou sag of the Subei Basin reveals that the structural & stratigraphic trapping occupies the largest proportion of the theoretical storage capacity, followed by the solubility trapping and the residual trapping, and the mineral trapping takes the lowest proportion. The engineering storage capacity and the economic storage capacity are significantly lower than the theoretical storage capacity when considering the constrains of injectivity, security and economy, respectively accounting for 21.0% and 17.6% of the latter.

关键词： petroliferous basin saline aquifer CO_(2)storage potential CO_(2)storage mechanism theoretical storage capacity engineering storage capacity economic storage capacity

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Geological characteristics and models of fault-foldfracture body in deep tight sandstone of the second member of Upper Triassic Xujiahe Formation in Xinchang structural belt of Sichuan Basin,SW China

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petroleum exploration and Development 2023年第3期50卷 603-614页

作者： LIU Junlong LIU Zhongqun LIU Zhenfeng LIU Yali SHEN Baojian XIAO Kaihua BI Youyi WANG Xiaowen WANG Ail FAN Lingxiao LI Jitongl Sinopec Petroleum Exploration&Production Research Institute Beijing 100083China sinopec Southwest Oil&Gas Company Chengdu 610081China

In the second member of the Upper Triassic Xujiahe Formation(T_(3)x_(2))in the Xinchang area,western Sichuan Basin,only a low percent of reserves has been recovered,and the geological model of gas reservoir sweet spot remains unclear.Based on a large number of core,field outcrop,test and logging-seismic data,the T_(3)x_(2) gas reservoir in the Xinchang area is examined.The concept of fault-fold-fracture body(FFFB)is proposed,and its types are recognized.The main factors controlling fracture development are identified,and the geological models of FFFB are established.FFFB refers to faults,folds and associated fractures reservoirs.According to the characteristics and genesis,FFFBs can be divided into three types:fault-fracture body,fold-fracture body,and fault-fold body.In the hanging wall of the fault,the closer to the fault,the more developed the effective fractures;the greater the fold amplitude and the closer to the fold hinge plane,the more developed the effective fractures.Two types of geological models of FFFB are established:fault-fold fracture,and matrix storage and permeability.The former can be divided into two subtypes:network fracture,and single structural fracture,and the later can be divided into three subtypes:bedding fracture,low permeability pore,and extremely low permeability pore.The process for evaluating favorable FFFB zones was formed to define favorable development targets and support the well deployment for purpose of high production.The study results provide a reference for the exploration and development of deep tight sandstone oil and gas reservoirs in China.

关键词： fault-fold-fracture body fracture control factor genetic characteristics geological model deep layer tight sandstone Xinchang structural belt Upper Triassic Xujiahe Formation Sichuan Basin

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Construction and application of an ontology-based domain-specific knowledge graph for petroleum exploration and development

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Geoscience Frontiers 2023年第5期14卷 373-383页

作者： Xianming Tang Zhiqiang Feng Yitian Xiao Ming Wang Tianrui Ye Yujie Zhou Jin Meng Baosen Zhang Dongwei Zhang petroleum exploration and production research institute SINOPECBeijing 102206China

The massive amount and multi-sourced,multi-structured data in the upstream petroleum industry impose great challenge on data integration and smart application.Knowledge graph,as an emerging technology,can potentially provide a way to tackle the challenges associated with oil and gas big data.This paper proposes an engineering-based method that can improve upon traditional natural language processing to construct the domain knowledge graph based on a petroleum exploration and development ontology.The exploration and development knowledge graph is constructed by assembling sinopec’s multi-sourced heterogeneous database,and millions of nodes.The two applications based on the constructed knowledge graph are developed and validated for effectiveness and advantages in providing better knowledge services for the oil and gas industry.

关键词： Knowledge Graph petroleum exploration and development Natural language processing Ontology

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Genesis of reservoir heterogeneity and its impacts on petroleum exploitation in beach-bar sandstone reservoirs:A case study from the Bohai Bay Basin,China

Energy Geoscience

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Energy Geoscience 2022年第1期3卷 35-48页

作者： Xiaofei Shang Jiagen Hou Yue Dong petroleum exploration&production research institute SINOPECBeijing100083China College Faculty of Geosciences China University of PetroleumBeijing102249China

Reservoir characteristics of beach-bar sandstone reservoirs in the 2nd member of the Shahejie Formation in Banqiao Sag are studied by means of well logging interpretation,thin section observation and physical property analysis.Further,the influence of deposition,diagenesis and internal architecture interface on reservoir quality are quantitatively analyzed.On this basis,the geneses of reservoir heterogeneity of beach-bar sandstone reservoirs are summarized.The following results are obtained.(1)Primary pores,secondary pores and micro-fractures are the main types of reservoir space in the study area,and the primary intergranular pore is the main pore type;the microscopic heterogeneity of reservoirs is strong,and the physical properties of beach-bar reservoirs in different regions vary widely.(2)Tectonicdeposition,diagenesis and reservoir internal architecture work in unison to cause the heterogeneity of beach-bar reservoir quality in the 2^(nd) member of the Shahejie Formation in Banqiao Sag;the locations and scales of beach-bar sand bodies are obviously different in different fault blocks in the study area,determining the macroscopic distribution of beach-bar reservoirs;differential diagenesis intensifies the degree of reservoir heterogeneity;the fine-grained argillaceous deposits between different architecture units of beach-bar reservoirs are critical to the quality of reservoirs.(3)The differential distribution of beach-bar reservoir quality parameters in the study area affects the spatial heterogeneity of reservoirs,which not only controls the original oil/gas distribution,but also has a significant influence on the effect of waterflooding and leads to the local enrichment of remaining oil.

关键词： Beach-bar deposits Reservoir characteristics Reservoir quality difference Internal architecture Oil/gas development

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Deformation patterns and hydrocarbon potential related to intracratonic strike-slip fault systems in the east of Central Uplift Belt in the Tarim Basin

Energy Geoscience

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Energy Geoscience 2022年第1期3卷 63-72页

作者： Fei Ning Jinbiao Yun Zhongpei Zhang Peng Li Laboratory of Structural and Sedimentological Reservoir Geology Exploration&Production Research InstituteSINOPECBeijing100083China exploration&production research institute SINOPECBeijing100083China Geology and Geophysics Department University of Wyoming82071USA

Strike-slip faults,proven to be closely linked to hydrocarbon migration and accumulation,are wide-spread in the Tarim Basin Craton.Deformation patterns in the eastern part of the Central Uplift Belt of the Tarim Basin are analyzed in detail to understand the deformation model and genetic mechanism of strike-slip faults,how their patterns impact reservoir formation and influence oil and gas potential.Regional tectonic events are taken into consideration to identify the primary factors that controlled the development of strike-slip faults in the region.The Tazhong Uplift in the eastern part of Central Uplift Belt is believed to be a complex anticlinal uplift formed by compression-and-torsion acting on the Cambrian-Middle Ordovician platform during the middle-late Caledonian period.Multi-stage development of this north-trending fault-fold belt and the NE-trending strike-slip faults make it structurally complex.The NE-trending Paleozoic strike-slip faults were formed jointly by the differential thrusting of the Tazhong Uplift along Fault No.Ⅰand the NE-trending shear sliding of the basal fault blocks during the middle-late Caledonian-early Hercynian.Based on the distribution of effective source rocks,the tectonic setting during the period critical to hydrocarbon accumulation,and the distribution of conductive faults,the northern slope of the Tazhong Upliftd-especially its west-central part where the NE-trending faults are developed is not only located close to the northern hydrocarbon source rock area but also possesses conditions suitable for the development of carbonate reservoirs.In addition,the NE-trending faults provide passage for initial development of the reservoir and the subsequent migration of oil and gas from the Aman area to the uplifted zone,making the Tazhong Uplift an extremely favorable area for oil and gas accumulation with substantial potential for exploration.

关键词： Strike-slipfault Deformation pattern Hydrocarbon accumulation Craton Tarim basin

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Global Oil and Gas M&A in 2021 and Its Prospect

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China Oil & Gas 2022年第1期29卷 39-44页

作者： Hou Mingyang sinopec exploration&production research institute

Overview of global oil and gas M&A in 2021.In 2021,under the combined influence of factors such as the resurgence of COVID-19 all over the world and the failure of OPEC+to reach a production agreement,WTI and Brent,two international benchmark oil prices,showed an overall volatile upward trend.They climbed from US$50/bbl at the beginning of the year to the peak of approximately US$90/bbl,an increase of more than 70%and recording a high level in the past seven years,and stayed at around US$75/bbl at the end of the year,driving a strong rebound in the global oil and gas M&A activity.

关键词： OPEC driving recording

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Superimposed hydrocarbon accumulation through multi-source and multi-stage evolution in the Cambrian Xixiangchi Group of eastern Sichuan Basin:A case study of the Pingqiao gas-bearing anticline

能源地球科学(英文)

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能源地球科学(英文) 2023年第1期4卷 131-142页

作者： Ziming Sun sinopec petroleum exploration and production research institute Beijing102206China

The Xixiangchi Group in eastern Sichuan Basin has great potential for natural gas exploration.However,there is a lack of in-depth studies of the hydrocarbon sources and the formation and evolution of gas reservoirs in this Group.Systematic investigation about the gas reservoir in Pingqiao anticline was consequently carried out in terms of characteristics of reservoir bitumen,the geochemical characteristics of natural gas,diagenetic minerals,and fluid inclusions.Based on this,combined with the reconstruction of the burial history,thermal evolution history and uplifting history of strata,and analysis of the regional tectonic settings,the hydrocarbon sources were identified and the formation and evolutionary processes of the gas reservoirs in Xixiangchi Group was revealed in this study.It was shown that the gas reservoirs have mixed gas sources from the shale source rocks in the Lower Cambrian Qiongzhusi Formation and in the Upper Ordovician Wufeng Formation-Lower Silurian Longmaxi Formation,and experienced several evolutionary stages,including the paleo-oil reservoir stage from the Late Siliurian to the Middle Permian,the paleo-gas reservoir stage from the Late Permian to the Early Cretaceous,and the superimposed accumulation and mixed-source gas reservoir stage since the Late Cretaceous.The mixed-source gas reservoir is formed by the adjustment of the Xixiangchi Group paleo-gas reservoirs and depressurization of the overpressure Wufeng-Longmaxi shale gas reservoirs and the charging of gas into the Xixiangchi Group reservoir of the Pingqiao anticline since the Late Cretaceous,which show obvious superimposed accumulation characteristics.There are different accumulation patterns in different geological periods.The accumulation pattern of the“old source-young reservoir”(i.***.hydrocarbons generated from older source rocks accumulating in younger reservoirs)dominates before the Late Cretaceous,and that of“juxtaposed young source-old reservoir”(i.***.hydrocarbons generated from younger source rocks accumulating in juxtapose

关键词： Superimposed accumulation model Natural gas Xixiangchi group Cambrian Eastern Sichuan basin

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Hydrocarbon accumulation in deep water areas of Angola in West Africa

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petroleum research 2019年第3期4卷 268-275页

作者： Yanqing Huang Lei Zheng sinopec exploration&production research institute Beijing100083China

Through comprehensive analysis of source rocks and hydrocarbon geochemical data of several offshore blocks in Angola,two sets of source rocks in the Cretaceous Iabe Formation and Lower Oligocene Malembo Formation are developed in the suprasalt structures in deep water area.The source rocks in the Cretaceous Iabe Formation is dominated by Type I kerogen,while the source rocks in the Lower Oligocene Malembo Formation is dominated by Type IIeIII kerogen which mainly generate gas.In the extensional zone,the source rocks in the Malembo Formation are mature and the source rocks in the Iabe Formation are post-matured;this zone undergo multi-stage filling,and the Oligocene paleoreservoirs experience high-temperature pyrolysis to form gas reservoirs;the Upper Miocene reservoirs undergo biodegradation due to poor storage condition.In the transitional zone,oil and gas in the drape anticline area are mainly from the Iabe Formation,and it mix with a small amount of oil and gas from the Malembo Formation in the later stage.In the compression zone,the crude oil is from the Iabe Formation at the mature stage,and contains a small amount of dissolved gas generated by thermal degradation.

关键词： Angola Lower CongoeCongo fan basin Source rocks Hydrocarbon geochemistry Accumulation model

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Types and genesis of sweet spots in the tight sandstone gas reservoirs:Insights from the Xujiahe Formation,northern Sichuan Basin,China

Energy Geoscience

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Energy Geoscience 2022年第3期3卷 270-281页

作者： Yanqing Huang Ai Wang Kaihua Xiao Tian Lin Wujun Jin petroleum exploration and production research institute SINOPECBeijing 100083China

Through comprehensively applying geological and geophysical data,as well as core and thin section observation,the characteristics of reservoirs and fractures in the second member of the Xujiahe Formation(hereinafter referred to as Xu2 Member)in the Yuanba area,northern Sichuan Basin,were studied.Combined with the analysis of the main controlling factors of production capacity,the types and characteristics of the sweet spots in the tight sandstone gas reservoir were determined.The evaluation standards and geological models of the sweet spots were established.The results are as follows:(1)There are bedding-parallel fracture-,fault-induced fracture-,and pore-dominated sweet spots in the tight sandstone gas reservoirs of the Xu2 Member.(2)The bedding parallel fracture-dominated sweet spots have developed in quartz sandstones with well-developed horizontal fractures and micro-fractures.They are characterized by high permeability and high gas output during production tests.This kind of sweet spots is thin and shows a limited distribution.Their logging responses show extremely low gamma-ray(GR)values and medium-high AC values.Moreover,the bedding parallel fracture-dominated sweet spots can be mapped using seismic methods.(3)The fault-induced fracture-dominated sweet spots have welldeveloped medium-and high-angle shear fractures.Their logging responses show an increase in peaks of AC values and total hydrocarbon content and a decrease in resistivity.Seismically,the areas with welldeveloped fault-induced fracture-dominated sweet spots can be effectively mapped using the properties such as seismic entropy and maximum likelihood.(4)The pore-dominated sweet spots are developed in medium-grained feldspathic litharenites with good reservoir properties.They are thick and widely distributed.(5)These three types of sweet spots are mainly determined by sedimentation,diagenesis,and tectonism.The bedding parallel fracture-dominated sweet spots are distributed in beachbar quartz sandstones on the top of the 1st sand layer group in th

关键词： Sweet spot Evaluation standard Tight sandstone gas reservoirs Xujiahe Formation Yuanba area Northeastern Sichuan Basin

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