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The formation and evolutionary characteristics of organic matter and pyrites in the continental shales of the 3^(rd)submember of Chang 7 Member,Yanchang formation,Ordos Basin,China

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Energy Geoscience 2024年第2期5卷 31-39页

作者： Ruikang Bian State key laboratory of shale oil and gas Enrichment Mechanisms and Effective Development Beijing 102206China key laboratory of shale oil and gas exploration&production Technology SinopecBeijing 102206China sinopec exploration&production Research Institute Beijing102206China

Through microscopic analyses(e.g.,organic macerals,thin section observation,scanning electron microscope(SEM)imaging of fresh bedding planes via argon ion milling,and energy spectrum tests)combined with Rock-Eval analyses,this study systematically investigated the organic matter and pyrites in the continental shales in the 3^(rd)submember of the Chang 7 Member(Chang 7^(3)submember)in the Yanchang Formation,Ordos Basin and determined their types and the formation and evolutionary *** results are as *** organic matter of the continental shales in the Chang 7^(3)submember is dominated by amorphous bituminites and migrabitumens,which have come into being since the early diagenetic stage and middle diagenetic stage A,*** formation and transformation of organic matter is a prerequisite for the formation of *** Ordos Basin was a continental freshwater lacustrine basin and lacked sulphates in waters during the deposition of the Chang 7 ***,the syndiagenetic stage did not witness the formation of large quantities of *** the basin entered early diagenetic stage A,large quantities of sulfur ions were released as the primary organic matter got converted into bituminites and,accordingly,pyrites started to ***,this stage featured poorer fluid and spatial conditions compared with the syndepositional stage due to withdraw of water,the partial formation of bituminites,and a certain degree of *** a result,large quantities of pyrrhotite failed to transition into typical spherical framboidal pyrites but grew into euhedral monocrystal *** addition,pyrites are still visible in the migrabitumens in both microfractures and inorganic pores of mudstones and shales,indicating that the pyrite formation period can extend until the middle diagenetic stage A.

关键词： Organic matter Pyrite Formation and evolution Continental shale Chang 7^(3)submember Ordos Basin

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Intelligent prediction and integral analysis of shale oil and gas sweet spots

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Petroleum Science 2018年第4期15卷 744-755页

作者： Ke-Ran Qian Zhi-Liang He Xi-Wu Liu Ye-Quan Chen State key laboratory of shale oil and gas Enrichment Mechanisms and Effective Development Beijing 100083China key laboratory of shale oil and gas exploration &production SINOPECBeijing 100083China sinopec Petroleum exploration and production Research Institute Beijing 100083China

shale reservoirs are characterized by low porosity and strong anisotropy. Conventional geophysical methods are far from perfect when it comes to the prediction of shale sweet spot locations, and even less reliable when attempting to delineate unconventional features of shale oil and gas. Based on some mathematical algorithms such as fuzzy mathematics, machine learning and multiple regression analysis, an effective workflow is proposed to allow intelligent prediction of sweet spots and comprehensive quantitative characterization of shale oil and gas reservoirs. This workflow can effectively combine multi-scale and multi-disciplinary data such as geology, well drilling, logging and seismic data. Following the maximum subordination and attribute optimization principle, we establish a machine learning model by adopting the support vector machine method to arrive at multi-attribute prediction of reservoir sweet spot location. Additionally, multiple regression analysis technology is applied to quantitatively predict a number of sweet spot attributes. The practical application of these methods to areas of interest shows high accuracy of sweet spot prediction, indicating that it is a good approach for describing the distribution of high-quality regions within shale reservoirs. Based on these sweet spot attributes, quantitative characterization of unconventional reservoirs can provide a reliable evaluation of shale reservoir potential.

关键词： shale reservoir Machine learning Support vector machine Sweet spot prediction

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An overview of the geology and production of the Fuling shale gas field,Sichuan Basin,China

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Energy Geoscience 2020年第3期1卷 147-164页

作者： Haikuan Nie Donghui Li Guangxiang Liu Zhiyuan Lu Hu Wang Ruyue Wang Guangrong Zhang State key laboratory of shale oil and gas Enrichment Mechanisms and Effective Development Beijing100083China sinopec Petroleum exploration and production Research Institute Beijing100083China sinopec key laboratory of shale oil/gas exploration&production Beijing100083China China University of Geosciences(Beijing) Beijing100083China

The Fuling shale gas field in China is the largest shale gas field as well as the largest of its type discovered in any Lower Paleozoic *** this study,the geology and production of the upper and lower gas layers in the Fuling shale gas field are evaluated in terms of structure,shale quality,fault,initial production,and estimated ultimate recovery(EUR).The shale in the lower gas layer of the Jiaoshiba anticline is a high-quality reservoir,where the space is dominated by organic pores in kerogen,and the gas content is *** shale gas wells reveal relatively high initial production and ***,the shale in the upper gas layer of the Jiaoshiba anticline has reservoir space mainly composed of clay mineral pores and organic pores within bitumen,and the gas content is *** terms of structure,primary gas migration may occur in the upper gas layer,resulting in free gas accumulation in the structural high,where the development effects are generally better than those in the structural *** lower gas layer in the Pingqiao anticline,is the main interval for shale gas accumulation and development due to the high-quality *** the influence of faults,the efficiency of exploration wells emplaced on top of the anticline is much lower a compared with those in the *** residual synclines close to the Sichuan Basin,including the Baima and Baitao anticlines,are characterized by more recent uplifts,larger area,greater distance from the deep and large faults,and early fracture ***,we recommend that the shale gas exploration and development should be carried out preferentially in areas close to the center of the residual synclines,featuring relatively high-pressure coefficient and moderate burial depth.

关键词： Geologic characteristics production features Longmaxi formation Fuling shale gas field Sichuan basin

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Types and Characteristics of the Lower Silurian shale gas Reservoirs in and Around the Sichuan Basin

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2015年第6期89卷 1973-1985页

作者： NIE Haikuan ZHANG Jinchuan JIANG Shengling Petroleum exploration and production Research Institute China Petroleum & Chemical Corporation(SINOPEC) State key laboratory of shale oil and gas Enrichment Mechanisms and Effective Development Beijing 100083China key laboratory of shale oil/gas exploration and production SINOPEC China University of Geosciences(Beijing) oil and gas exploration and production Branch China Huadian Green EnergyCo.LTD.

This study analyzed the characteristics and types of the Lower Silurian shale gas reservoirs in and around Sichuan Basin through field observations, slices, Ar-ion-beam milling, scanning electron microscopy, and x-ray diffraction analysis of 25 black shale outcrops and samples. Two main types of shale gas reservoirs were determined, i.e., fractures and pores. Fractures were classified into five categories, i.e., giant, large, medium, small, and micro, according to the features of the shale gas reservoirs, effect of fracture on gas accumulation, and fracture nature. Pore types include organic matter pores, mineral pores（mineral surface, intraparticle, interparticle, and corrosional pore）, and nanofractures. The various fracture types, fracture scales, pore types, and pore sizes exert different controls over the gas storage and production capacity. Pores serve as a reservoir for gas storage and, the gas storage capacity can be determined using pores; fractures serve as pathways for gas migration, and gas production capacity can be determined using them.

关键词： fracture pore reservoir types shale gas Sichuan Basin

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Division and Characteristics of shale Parasequences in the Upper Fourth Member of the Shahejie Formation, Dongying Depression, Bohai Bay Basin, China

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Journal of Earth Science 2017年第6期28卷 1006-1019页

作者： Jing Wu Zaixing Jiang Petroleum exploration and production Research Institute of sinopec Beijing 100083 China State key laboratory of shale oil and gas Enrichment Mechanisms of sinopec Beijing 100083 China sinopec key laboratory of shale gas/oil exploration & production Beijing 100083 China Faculty of Energy Resources China University of Geosciences Beijing 100083 China

shale parasequence analysis is an important part of sequence stratigraphy sudies. This paper proposed a systematic research method for analyzing shale parasequences including their delineation, division, characteristics and origins. The division method is established on the basis of lithofacies. Multi-method analysis and mutual verification were implemented by using auxiliary indicators（such as mineral compositions, geochemical indicators and wavelet values）. A typical shale parasequence comprises a lower interval of deepening water-depth and an upper interval of shallowing water-depth（e.g., a shale parasequence including a high-total organic carbon（TOC） shale-low-TOC limy shale）. Abrupt increases in pyrite content, TOC value, relative hydrocarbon generation potential（（S1＋S2）/TOC）, and wavelet values are indicative of parasequence boundaries. The proposed research method was applied to study the upper fourth member of the Shahejie Formation in the Dongying depression, Bohai Bay Basin. Results show that there were seven types of parasequences developed. A singular and a dual structured parasequences were identified. Three factors controlling the development of the shale parasequences were identified including relative lake level change, terrestrial input and transgression. The development of high-TOC（〉2%） shale parasequences was mainly controlled by biological and chemical sedimentation. The low-TOC（〈2%） shale parasequences were mainly deposited by chemical sedimentation. The diversities of shale parasequences were caused by four major controlling factors including climate, relative lake level change, terrestrial input and emergency（e.g., transgression）.

关键词： shale parasequence Dongying depression Shahejie Formation

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key geological factors governing sweet spots in the Wufeng-Longmaxi shales of the Sichuan Basin,China

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Energy Geoscience 2024年第3期5卷 163-174页

作者： Zongquan Hu Zengqin Liu Wei Du Zhenrui Bai Ruyue Wang Chuanxiang Sun Dongjun Feng State key laboratory of shale oil and gas Enrichment Mechanisms and Effective Development SINOPECBeijing102206China key laboratory of shale oil/gas exploration and production Technology SINOPECBeijing102206China Petroleum exploration and production Research Institute SINOPECBeijing102206China

production performance of the Wufeng-Longmaxi shales varies significantly among Fuling,Weirong,and Wulong fields in the Sichuan *** organic carbon(TOC)content,mineralogy,and organic matter(OM)pore characteristics are investigated to identify key factors governing sweet *** shales with good preservation conditions in the Fuling Field exhibit large thickness,high TOC content and thin-section porosity(TSP),and well-developed OM macropores,thus high initial production and estimated ultimate recovery(EUR).Thin carbonate-containing siliceous shales with good preservation conditions in the Weirong Field feature medium-to-high TOC and well-developed OM macropores but low TSP,leading to high initial production but low *** shales with poor preservation conditions in the Wulong Field are characterized by large thickness,high TOC,low TSP and poorly-developed OM macropores,causing low initial production and *** sedimentary and preservation conditions are intrinsic decisive factors of sweet spots,as they control the mineral composition,TOC,and OM macropore ***-water shales in transgressive systems tracts(TSTs)exhibit better-developed OM macropores and greater TOC compared to highstand systems tracts(HSTs).OM macropores are most prevalent in siliceous shales,followed by carbonate-containing siliceous shales and then argillaceous ***,good preservation conditions are conducive to retain OM macropores with low pore aspect ratio(PAR).Comparison among the three fields shows that high-TOC silicious shales with good preservation conditions are the highest in TSP and ***,organic richness,lithofacies,and preservation conditions are the major factors which determine OM pore development,governing the sweet spots of the Wufeng-Longmaxi shales.

关键词： shale gas Organic matter pores Sweet spot Wufeng-Longmaxi shales Sichuan basin

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Source Rock and Cap Rock Controls on the Upper Ordovician Wufeng Formation–Lower Silurian Longmaxi Formation shale gas Accumulation in the Sichuan Basin and its Peripheral Areas

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2016年第3期90卷 1059-1060页

作者： NIE Haikuan JIN Zhijun Petroleum exploration and production Research Institute SINOPECBeijing 100083China State key laboratory of shale oil and gas Enrichment Mechanisms and Effective Development SINOPECBeijing 100083China key laboratory of shale oil/gas exploration and production SINOPECBeijing 100083China

Objective The Upper Ordovician Wufeng Formation-Lower Silurian Longmaxi Formation is one of the priority interval for shale gas exploration in the Sichuan Basin and its peripheral areas, and commercial shale gas has been discovered from this interval in Jiaoshiba, Changning and Weiyuan shale gas fields in Sichuan Province. However, there is no significant discovery in other parts of the basin due to the different quality of black shale and the differences of tectonic evolution. Based on the progress of shale gas geological theory and exploration discoveries, as well as the theory of ＂source rock and cap rock controls on hydrocarbon accumulation＂, of the Upper Ordovician the main controlling factors Wufeng Formation-Lower Silurian Longmaxi Formation shale gas enrichment in the Sichuan Basin and its peripheral areas were analyzed, and the source rock and cap rock controls on the shale gas were also discussed. The results can provide new insights for the next shale gas exploration in this area.

关键词： rock Lower Silurian Longmaxi Formation shale gas Accumulation in the Sichuan Basin and its Peripheral Areas Source Rock and Cap Rock Controls on the Upper Ordovician Wufeng Formation

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Horizontal Well Interference Performance and Water Injection Huff and Puff Effect on Well Groups with Complex Fracture Networks:A Numerical Study

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2023年第12期137卷 2285-2309页

作者： Haoyu Fu Hua Liu Xiaohu Hu Lei Wang State key laboratory of shale oil and gas EnrichmentMechanisms and Effective Development SINOPECBeijing100101China sinopec key laboratory of shale oil/gas exploration and production Technology SINOPECBeijing100083China key laboratory of Tectonics and Petroleum Resources Ministry of EducationChina University of GeosciencesWuhan430074China

Well interference has become a common phenomenon with the increasing scale of horizontal well *** studies on well interference in horizontal wells do not properly reflect the physical model of the postfracturing well groups and the realistic fracturing process of infill *** the correspondence between well interference causative factors and manifestations is of great significance for infill well deployment and secondary oil *** this work,we develop a numerical model that considers low velocity non-Darcy seepage inshale reservoirs to study the inter-well interferencephenomenon that occurs in theSantanghufield,andconstruct an explicit hydraulic fracture and complex natural fracture network model with an embedded discrete fracture model,focusing on the effect of fracture network morphology on well *** model also considers a multi-segment wellbore model to accommodate the effect of inter-well crossflow on wellbore tubular *** changes in formation pressure and water saturation during fracturing are performed by controlling the injection pressure and water injection *** result shows that the shape of the fracture network generated by the infill well with the old well determines the subsequent fluid and oil-increasing performance of the disturbed *** synergistic production or competitive relationship formed by fractures with different connectivity between the two wells determines the positive and negative effects of the *** paper also investigates the adaptation study of water injection huff and puff schemes for well groups with different connectivity,and demonstrated a potential yield increase of up to 10.85%under adaptation *** method of identifying well interference based on the production dynamics of affected wells and the subsequent corresponding water injection method provides valuable references for the selection of secondary oil recovery measures.

关键词： Unconventional reservoirs well interference embedded discrete fracture model water injection huff and puff complex fracture networks

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Pre-stack seismic density inversion in marine shale reservoirs in the southern Jiaoshiba area, Sichuan Basin, China

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Petroleum Science 2018年第3期15卷 484-497页

作者： Yuan-Yin Zhang Zhi-Jun Jin Ye-Quan Chen Xi-Wu Liu Lei Han Wu-Jun Jin oil and gas Survey China Geological Survey Beijing 100083 China State key laboratory of shale oil and gas Enrichment Mechanisms and Effective Development Beijing 100083 China State Energy Center for shale oil Research and Development Beijing 100083 China sinopec key laboratory of shale oil/gas exploration and production Technology Beijing 100083 China Petroleum exploration and production Research Institute Sinopec Beijing 100083 China

For a typical marine shale reservoir in the Jiaoshiba area, Sichuan Basin of China, P-impedance is sensitive for identifying lithology but not suitable for indicating good shale reservoirs. In comparison, density is an important quantity, which is sensitive for identifying the organic-rich mud shale from non-organic-rich mud shale. Due to the poor data quality and incidence angle range, density cannot be easily inverted by directly solving the ill-posed pre-stack seismic inversion in this area. Meanwhile, the traditional density regularizations implemented by directly using the more robust P-impedance inversion tend to be inaccurate for recovering density for this shale reservoir. In this paper, we combine the P-impedance and the minus uranium to construct the pseudo-P-impedance（PIp） at well locations. The PIp is observed to be sensitive for identifying organic-rich mud shale and has a good correlation with density in this area. We employ the PIp–density relation into the pre-stack inversion framework to estimate density. Three types of regularization are tested on both numerical and field data： These are no regularization, traditional regularization and the proposed approach. It is observed that the proposed method is better for recovering the density of organic-rich mud shale in the Jiaoshiba area.

关键词： Density inversion Pseudo-P-impedance Pure P-wave data Regularization

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Construction of a novel brittleness index equation and analysis of anisotropic brittleness characteristics for unconventional shale formations

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Petroleum Science 2020年第1期17卷 70-85页

作者： Ke-Ran Qian Tao Liu Jun-Zhou Liu Xi-Wu Liu Zhi-Liang He Da-Jian Jiang State key laboratory of shale oil and gas Enrichment Mechanisms and Effective Development Beijing 100083China sinopec key laboratory of Seismic Elastic Wave Technology Beijing 100083China key laboratory of shale oil and gas exploration and production SINOPECBeijing 100083China Ministry of Science and Technology SINOPECBeijing 100728China sinopec Petroleum exploration and production Research Institute Beijing 100083China

The brittleness prediction of shale formations is of interest to researchers *** methods of brittleness prediction are usually based on isotropic models while shale is *** order to obtain a better prediction of shale brittleness,our study firstly proposed a novel brittleness index equation based on the Voigt–Reuss–Hill average,which combines two classical isotropic *** proposed method introduces upper and lower brittleness bounds,which take the uncertainty of brittleness prediction into *** addition,this method can give us acceptable predictions by using limited input ***,an anisotropic rock physics model was *** parameters were introduced into our model,which can be used to simulate the lamination of clay minerals and the dip angle of *** addition,rock physics templates have been built to analyze the sensitivity of brittleness ***,the effects of kerogen,pore structure,clay lamination and shale formation dip have been investigated in terms of *** prediction shows that the vertical/horizontal Young’s modulus is always below one while the vertical/horizontal Poisson’s ratio(PR)can be either greater or less than *** study finds different degrees of shale lamination may be the explanation for the random distribution of Vani(the ratio of vertical PR to horizontal PR).

关键词： Brittleness shale Rock Physics Anisotropy Voigt–Reuss–Hill average

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