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Pore Size Distribution of a Tight Sandstone Reservoir and its Effect on Micro Pore-throat Structure: A Case Study of the Chang 7 Member of the Xin’anbian Block, Ordos Basin, China

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2020年第2期94卷 219-232页

作者： LI Peng JIA Chengzao JIN Zhijun LIU Quanyou BI HeZHENG Min WU Songtao HUANG Zhenkai State Key Laboratory of Shale Oil and Gas Enrichment Mechanisms and Effective Development Beijing 100083China petroleum exploration and production Research Ins Institute SINOPECBeijing 100083China China National petroleum corporation.Beijing 100724 China Research Institute of petroleum exploration and Development PetroChinaBeijing 100083China

Pore distribution and micro pore-throat structure characteristics are significant for tight oil reservoir evaluation, but their relationship remains unclear. This paper selects the tight sandstone reservoir of the Chang 7 member of the Xin’anbian Block in the Ordos Basin as the research object and analyzes the pore size distribution and micro pore-throat structure using field emission scanning electron microscopy(FE-SEM), high-pressure mercury injection(HPMI), highpressure mercury injection, and nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR) analyses. The study finds that:(1) Based on the pore size distribution, the tight sandstone reservoir is characterized by three main patterns with different peak amplitudes. The former peak corresponds to the nanopore scale, and the latter peak corresponds to the micropore scale. Then, the tight sandstone reservoir is categorized into three types: type 1 reservoir contains more nanopores with a nanopore-to-micropore volume ratio of 82:18;type 2 reservoir has a nanopore-to-micropore volume ratio of 47:53;and type 3 reservoir contains more micropores with a nanopore-to-micropore volume ratio of 35:65.(2) Affected by the pore size distribution, the throat radius distributions of different reservoir types are notably offset. The type 1 reservoir throat radius distribution curve is weakly unimodal, with a relatively dispersed distribution and peak ranging from 0.01 μm to 0.025 μm. The type 2 reservoir’s throat radius distribution curve is single-peaked with a wide distribution range and peak from 0.1 μm to 0.25 μm. The type 3 reservoir’s throat radius distribution curve is single-peaked with a relatively narrow distribution and peak from 0.1 μm to 0.25 μm. With increasing micropore volume, pore-throat structure characteristics gradually improve.(3) The correlation between micropore permeability and porosity exceeds that of nanopores, indicating that the development of micropores notably influences the seepage capacity. In the type 1 reservoir, only

关键词： tight sandstone reservoir pore size distribution pore-throat structure Ordos Basin Chang 7 member

Hydrothermal recrystallization of the Lower Ordovician dolomite and its significance to reservoir in northern Tarim Basin

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Science China Earth Sciences 2010年第3期53卷 368-381页

作者： ZHU DongYa JIN ZhiJun HU WenXuan petroleum production and exploration Institute of China petroleum and Chemical corporation Beijing 100083China Department of Earth Sciences Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210093China

Discovered in S15 and some other wells, the Lower Ordovician in the northern Tarim Basin consists mainly of brown gray-dark gray very fine-fine crystalline dolomite, with a minor portion of locally light gray-white medium-coarse crystalline dolomite. Silicification can be observed in the medium-coarse dolomite, and some euhedral drusy quartz can also be found in pores and fractures of the dolomite. The homogenization temperature of the fluid inclusions in the medium-coarse dolomite is between 110 and 200°C with maximum between 140 and 190°C, and the salinity is between 10.7 and 18.5 wt.% NaCl Eq. The homogenization temperature and salinity of the fluid inclusions in the medium-coarse dolomite are similar to those in the drusy quartz. Compared with the very fine-fine dolomite, the medium-coarse phase contains relatively high Fe and Mn. The average concentration of FeO and MnO in the medium-coarse dolomite is 1.917% and 0.323%, respectively. The medium-coarse dolomite has a remarkable negative Eu anomaly, consistent with the REE pattern of the intermediate-felsic igneous rocks in the Tarim Basin. The oxygen isotopic composition of the medium-coarse dolomite is relatively lighter than that of the very fine-fine dolomite. The δ18OPDB values of the medium-coarse dolomite are between -10.35‰ and -7.31‰. The δ18OSMOW values of the fluid associated with the medium-coarse dolomite can be calculated according to homogenization temperature and oxygen isotope fractionation factor between dolomite and fluid, and the calculated values are between +4‰ and +10‰, consistent with those of the hydrothermal fluid. The medium-coarse dolomite has relatively high 87Sr/86Sr ratios as well, indi- cating an origin associated with intermediate-felsic igneous rock. The homogenization temperature, element composition, REE pattern, oxygen and strontium isotopes demonstrate that the medium-coarse dolomite is the result of recrystallization of very fine-fine dolomite under hydrothermal environment

关键词： Tarim hydrothermal dolomite recrystallization reservoir

Effects of time lag and stress loading rate on permeability in low permeability reservoirs

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Mining Science and Technology 2009年第4期19卷 526-530页

作者： WANG Rui YUE Xiang-an ZHANG Wei TAN Xi-qun ZHANG Yan MOE Key Laboratory for petroleum Engineering China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China sinopec exploration ＆ production Research Institute Beijing 100083 China China Huayou Group corporation Beijing 100011 China

In order to study the effect of time lag and stress loading rates on rock deformation,the conventional stepped stress loading mode was changed into a continuous mode to investigate the effect of effective pressure on permeability and *** time lag effect of rock deformation illustrating the relationship between changes in permeability and steady time was *** reduction ratios were measured under different stress loading rates which were achieved by different pump rate *** results show that permeability and porosity gradually decrease with increases in effective *** at high effective pressure attains stability *** times at low effective pressure are very *** in permeability at lower stress loading rates is small,while,in contrast,it is large at high stress loading rates.

关键词： low permeability stress sensitivity time lag effect stress loading rate

Pore structure evolution of lacustrine organic-rich shale from the second member of the Kongdian formation in the Cangdong Sag,Bohai Bay Basin,China

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petroleum Science 2022年第2期19卷 459-471页

作者： Xiao-Ping Liu Ming Guan Zhi-Jun Jin Zhe Cao Jin Lai Lun-Ju Zheng Wen-Qi Li Biao Sun Shan-Yong Chen State Key Laboratory of petroleum Resources and Prospecting China University of Petroleum(Beijing)Beijing102249China College of Geosciences China University of Petroleum(Beijing)Beijing102249China Research Institute of petroleum exploration and Development China National Petroleum CorporationBeijing100083China Institute of Energy Peking UniversityBeijing100871China State Key Laboratory of Shale Oil and Gas Enrichment Mechanisms and Effective Development Beijing100083China sinopec petroleum exploration and production Research Institute Beijing102206China Wuxi petroleum Geology Institute Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and DevelopmentSinopecWuxiJiangsu 214126China Petro China Dagang Oil Field Company Tianjin300280China

Pyrolysis experiments were conducted on lacustrine organic-rich shale from Cangdong Sag in Bohai Bay Basin,China,to investigate the impact of hydrocarbon generation on shale pore structure *** evolution is found to control the transformation of organic matter,hydrocarbon products characteristics,and pore structure ***,pore volume and specific surface area increase with increasing *** low-mature stage,the retained oil content begins to increase,pore volumes show slight changes,and primary pores are occluded by the generated crude oil of high molecular weight and *** the oil-window stage,the retained oil content rapidly increases and reaches maximum,and pore volumes gradually increase with increasing thermal *** high mature stage,the retained oil content begins to decrease,and the pore volume increases considerably owing to the expulsion of liquid *** over mature stage,natural gas content significantly increases and kerogen transforms to *** organic pores are formed and the pore size gradually increases,resulting from the connection of organic pores caused the increasing thermal *** study lays a foundation for understanding variation of hydrocarbon products during the thermal evolution of lacustrine shales and its relationship with the evolution of shale reservoirs.

关键词： Lacustrine shale Pyrolysis Thermal maturity Pore structure evolution Hydrocarbon generation evolution

Occurrence Characteristics of Saline-Lacustrine Shale-Oil in the Qianjiang Depression,Jianghan Basin,Central China

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Journal of Earth Science 2022年第4期33卷 945-962页

作者： Zhongliang Sun Zhiliang He Furong Wang Yuanjia Han Sheng He Yuguang Hou Jing Luo Youheng Zheng Shiqiang Wu Wuxi Research Institute of petroleum Geology Petroleum Exploration and Production Research InstituteSINOPECWuxi 214126China State Key Laboratory of Shale Oil and Gas Enrichment Mechanisms and Effective Development Beijing 100083China Department of Science and Technology China Petroleum and Chemical CorporationBeijing 100728China Key Laboratory of Tectonics and petroleum Resources China University of GeosciencesWuhan 430074China Research Institute of petroleum exploration and Development Jianghan Oilfield Branch CompanySINOPECWuhan 430223China

The amount of shale oil and its characterization are key issues in the study of shale *** present,many scholars use a variety of methods to evaluate the amount of shale oil,and use the calculated amount of hydrocarbons to analyze its influencing factors;however,there is lack of detailed research on the storage space for shale-oil and it’s influencing *** view of this issue,gas chromatography(GC),gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS),soxhlet extraction(SE),fieldemission scanning electron microscopy(FE-SEM),low-temperature nitrogen adsorption(LTNA),highpressure mercury intrusion(HPMI),and X-ray diffraction(XRD)were used to analyze and compare samples from two wells located in different deposition *** unconventional Well BYY2 and BX7 s were drilled in the depocenter and distal area of the Qianjiang Formation,*** by differences in the organic matter type and sedimentary environment,the organic matter in Well BYY2,which was found to be characterized by laminar shale,mainly originated from aquatic *** results showed that as the total organic carbon(TOC)content increased,the amount of shaleoil in the pores ***-oil was mostly stored in mesopores and macropores that had been preserved by dolomite minerals of a biogenic origin and also occurred in pores sized 5–200 nm and>1μ*** minerals of a biogenic origin and clay minerals contributed to the occurrence of *** comparison,the organic matter in Well BX7 has been greatly influenced by terrestrial organic *** in the massive mudstones from Well BX7 were determined to be mainly mesopores preserved by clay minerals and quartz,and the shale-oil was mostly stored within the pores of<40 *** the TOC content was~2.5 wt.%,the generated shale-oil reached *** minerals contributed to the occurrence of shale-oil,whereas quartz only contributed to the occurrence of shale-oil in macropores.

关键词： shale oil reservoir storage space of shale oil saline lacustrine Jianghan Basin

Behavior and controlling factors of methane adsorption in Jurassic continental shale,northeastern Sichuan Basin

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能源地球科学(英文) 2023年第1期4卷 83-92页

作者： Qian-wen Li Zhong-bao Liu Fei-Ran Chen Kun Zhang Ling Tang sinopec petroleum exploration and production Research Institute Beijing102206China sinopec Southern Company of exploration ChengduSichuan 610041China School of Geoscience and Technology Southwest Petroleum UniversityChengduSichuan 610059China CNOOC Research Institute Ltd. Beijing100029China

The behavior and controlling factors of natural gas adsorption in the Jurassic continental shale in the northeastern Sichuan Basin are studied based on the organic geochemical features,mineral compositions and pore structure parameters through a series of experiments on samples from the *** show that the total gas content of the shale measured on-site is 0.1-5.3 cm^(3)/g,with an average of 0.7 cm^(3)/*** methane isothermal adsorption curves show a trend of increasing first and then decreasing,indicating an obvious excessive *** shale has a maximum adsorption capacity(V^(L))of 0.44-3.59 cm^(3)/g,with an average of 1.64 cm^(3)/g,lower than that of marine shale in the same *** organic matter content and pore structure characteristics are identified as the two main factors controlling the adsorption capacity of the *** in the shale are the main storage space for gas to be *** to well developed shell laminae and interlayers in the shale,calcite plays a more important role than clay minerals in affecting the adsorption of gas to the *** formation temperature and water content also significantly inhibit the gas adsorption to the *** with marine shale in the basin,the Jurassic continental shale is more heterogeneous and lower in TOC ***,with a more widely developed clayey shale lithofacies and shell limy shale lithofacies as well as relatively less developed organic pores and micropores,the continental shale is inferior to marine shale in terms of gas adsorption capacity.

关键词： Methane adsorption Controlling factors Continental shale Jurassic Sichuan basin

Paleotopographic controls on facies development in various types of braid-delta depositional systems in lacustrine basins in China

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Geoscience Frontiers 2015年第4期6卷 579-591页

作者： Dong Feng Hongwen Deng Zhan Zhou Xiaopeng Gao Longtao Cui School of Energy Resources China University of Geosciences (Beijing) Zhanjiang Branch of China National Offshore Oil corporation Ltd sinopec exploration and production Research Institute

Braid-delta depositional systems are widely developed in most continental basins in China. Research indicates that, for different types of braid delta, the facies sequence and association, which are critical to the prediction of the distribution of reservoirs, differ greatly. This study illustrates the differences in braid-delta depositional systems in terms of sedimentary characteristics, associated systems and reser- voir distributions using three typical paleodeltas in western China： the Zhenbei delta of the upper Triassic Yanchang Formation in the Ordos Basin, the Yuanba delta of the upper Triassic Xujiahe Formation in the Sichuan Basin and the Jimsar delta of the upper Permian Wutonggou Formation in the Junggar Basin. A stratigraphic framework was established using seismic data, logs and cores by choosing stable mud sections as regional correlation markers and, topographies of these deltas were reconstructed based on the decompaction and paleobathymetric corrections. Based on both the paleotopography of these deltas and the differences of their sedimentary facies, these braided deltas can be classified into two systems： steep-gradient braid-delta-turbidite system and low-gradient braid-delta-lacustrine system. Moreover, the low-gradient braid-delta-lacustrine system can be further divided into interfingered and sharp contact sub-types according to the contact relation between the delta sands and lacustrine muds. This study shows that the paleotopography of basin margins strongly controls the accommodation as braid deltas prograde into lacustrine basins and, influences the location of the shoreline in response to changes in the lake level. Furthermore, paleotopography plays a significant role in facies and reservoir distribution which is important for petroleum exploration and development.

关键词： Paleotopography Braid deltas Facies Basin margin Lacustrine basins

Inverse spectral decomposition using an I_p-norm constraint for the detection of close geological anomalies

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petroleum Science 2020年第6期17卷 1463-1477页

作者： San-Yi Yuan Shan Yang Tie-Yi Wang Jie Qi Shang-Xu Wang State Key Laboratory of petroleum Resources and Prospecting CNPC Key Laboratory of Geophysical ExplorationChina University of PetroleumBeijing 102249China sinopec petroleum exploration and production Research Institute Beijing 100083China ConocoPhillips School of Geology and Geophysics University of OklahomaNormanOK 73019-0390USA

An important application of spectral decomposition(SD)is to identify subsurface geological anomalies such as channels and karst caves,which may be buried in full-band seismic ***,the classical SD methods including the wavelet transform(WT)are often limited by relatively low time-frequency resolution,which is responsible for false high horizonassociated space resolution probably indicating more geological structures,especially when close geological anomalies *** address this issue,we impose a constraint of minimizing an lp(0

关键词： Spectral decomposition Seismic interpretation Inverse problem High resolution Deep exploration

Raman Micro-Imaging of the Coexistence of sⅠ and sⅡ Hydrates Formed from a Mixed Methane-Propane Gas in a Confined Space

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2022年第2期96卷 674-679页

作者： CAI Wenjiu ZHAN Linsen HUANG Xin LU Hailong College of Engineering Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China Beijing international Center for Gas Hydrate School of Earth and Space SciencesPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China sinopec petroleum exploration and production Research Institute Beijing 100083China

Natural gas hydrate contains a specific amount of heavy hydrocarbons, such as ethane, propane, etc., aside from the primary guest gas of methane. Although the coexistence of two or even three hydrate structures has been discovered at several hydrate sites, the requisite formation mechanism is still not well understood. In-situ observation of the formation process of mixed methane-propane hydrate in a confined space was conducted using confocal Raman imaging microscopy. The Raman imaging results reveal that sI methane hydrate and sII mixed methane-propane hydrate are formed and coexist in the reaction system. In the confined space, the sI hydrate originates from the dissolved gas in water, while the sII hydrate is formed from free gas. The results obtained can help explain the coexistence of sI and sII hydrates found in natural hydrate samples, as well as providing insights into a possible dynamic scenario of hydrate reservoirs in geological history.

关键词： Raman imaging mixed hydrate coexistence sⅠhydrate sⅡhydrate