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Enrichment of Mississippi Valley-type(MVT) deposits in the Tethyan domain linked to organic matter-rich sediments

Science China Earth Sciences 2023年第12期66卷 2853-2870页

作者： Yucai SONG Zhiming YANG Liangliang ZHUANG sinoprobe laboratory Institute of GeologyChinese Academy of Geological SciencesBeijing 100037China

The Tethyan domain hosts the world's most abundant hydrocarbon and Mississippi Valley-type(MVT) Pb-Zn resources. The relations among organic matter-rich sediments, MVT Pb-Zn mineralization, and the Tethyan tectonic evolution history are an important scientific issue. The data of paleogeographic reconstruction indicate that the Proto-, Paleo-, and NeoTethys oceans mainly lay in low latitude areas between 30°N and 45°S. The high temperature and precipitation and the lack of sea water overturning in stagnant basins resulted in high marine biological productivity and good preservation conditions for organic matter-rich sediments. Consequently, abundant organic matter-rich sediments were developed and preserved in the Tethyan domain and thus created abundant hydrocarbon resources. Mineralization age data demonstrate that MVT deposits mainly formed during the continent-continent convergence in the late stage of the Tethyan tectonic evolution. Deposits are located in the fold-and-thrust belts and forelands of the continent-continent convergence orogen, and spatially associated with hydrocarbon basins. Organic matter-rich sediments are well developed in MVT ore districts, where hydrocarbon activity appeared earlier than or nearly simultaneous with the Pb-Zn mineralization event. Hydrocarbon activity generally began earlier than the Pb-Zn mineralization in individual deposits. Organic matter-rich sediments and hydrocarbons mainly play the role of reducing agents in the MVT Pb-Zn mineralization process. Through bacterial or thermal reduction, dissolved sulfates from sedimentary strata were reduced to generate reduced sulfur for Pb-Zn sulfide mineralization. In summary, the Tethyan oceans have long been in low latitude areas near the equator, making the Tethyan domain develop abundant organic matterrich sediments and associated hydrocarbon resources which reduce sulfates to provide sufficient reduced sulfur for MVT PbZn mineralization in the region.

关键词： Tethyan domain Organic matter Mississippi Valley-type Pb-Zn deposit Low latitude Sulfate reduction

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A Novel Three-stage Tectonic Model for Mississippi Valleytype Zn-Pb Deposits in Orogenic Fold-and-Thrust Belts

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2024年第4期98卷 843-849页

作者： SONG Yucai sinoprobe laboratory Institute of GeologyChinese Academy of Geological SciencesBeijing 100037China

Mississippi Valley-type(MVT) Zn-Pb deposits predominantly form within both orogenic forelands and fold-andthrust belts, yet the mineralization process within the latter tectonic setting remains inadequately understood. This study, through a comprehensive review of MVT deposits across global fold-and-thrust belts, introduces a novel model elucidating the mineralization process in the context of tectonic belt evolution. It is demonstrated that during the stage Ⅰ, regional compression is introduced by early stages of plate convergence, causing the folding and thrusting and creating structural or lithological traps such as evaporite diapirs and unconformity-related carbonate dissolution-collapse structures. Thereafter, in stage Ⅱ, hydrocarbons begin to migrate and accumulate within these traps, where reduced sulfur is generated through thermochemical or bacterial sulfate reduction concurrent with or preceding Zn-Pb mineralization. In the subsequent stage Ⅲ, as plate convergence persists, the regional stress transitions from compression to transpression or extension. Under these conditions, steeply-dipping extensional faults are generated, facilitating the ascent of metalliferous brines into early-formed structural or lithological traps. Precipitation of Zn and Pb sulfides occurs through the mixing of Zn-Pb-transporting fluids with pre-existing reduced sulfur or by interaction with hydrocarbons.

关键词： Mississippi Valley-type Zn-Pb deposits fold-and-thrust belts tectonic model structural or lithological traps extensional faults

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Occurrence of Mafic Rocks within Ediacaran Strata in the Aksu Region,NW Tarim Craton,and its Geological Implications

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2024年第5期98卷 1244-1254页

作者： XIE Hongzhe ZHU Xiangkun WANG Xun HE Yuan SHEN Weibing MNR Key laboratory of Isotope Geology SinoProbe LaboratoryInstitute of GeologyChinese Academy of Geological SciencesBeijing 100037China

The Tarim Craton is an ancient Precambrian continental block,and detailed knowledge of its thermo-tectonic history is crucial for understanding the early history of continental *** layered mafic rocks,which have commonly been regarded as basalts,occur within the Ediacaran Sugetbrak Formation(Fm.)in the Aksu region of the northwestern Tarim *** intrusive features have now been discovered,including mafic rocks truncating Ediacaran sedimentary layers,exhibiting an intrusion-baked margin where they interact with both the overlying and bottom wall rocks,and displaying a fine-grained transition zone from their interior to their *** new findings demonstrate that these mafic rocks within the Aksu Ediacaran strata were not erupted basalts but instead are intrusive diabase ***,these mafic rocks cannot be used to constrain the timing of the Sugetbrak *** the Aksu area,nor as marker layers for regional stratigraphic ***,the Ediacaran thermo-tectonic evolution in this region,deduced from the assumption that the mafic rocks are lavas,needs to be revised.

关键词： tectonics stratigraphy mafic rocks Neoproterozoic Tarim Craton

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The Weixi High-silica Granitoids in the Central Sanjiang Orogenic Belt,Southwest China:Implications for Growth of the Continental Crust

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2024年第3期98卷 641-656页

作者： WANG Qiuyu CHEN Shouming ZHANG Hongrui LI Saisai sinoprobe laboratory Institute of GeologyChinese Academy of Geological SciencesBeijing 100037China Guangxi Key laboratory of Hidden Metallic Ore Deposit Exploration GuilinGuangxi 541004China

High-silica granitoids record the formation and evolution of the continental crust.A new intrusive complex has been recognized among silicic volcanic rocks of the Weixi arc,Southwest *** intrusions consist of granites,granitic porphyries,and *** U-Pb age data indicate that the Weixi granitoids formed at 248-240 Ma and were coeval with silicic volcanic rocks of the Weixi *** Weixi granitoids are enriched in Rb,Th,and U,depleted in Ba,Sr,Nb,Ta,and Ti,and have high light/heavy rare earth element ratios and slightly negative Eu *** Weixi granitoids have negative ε_(Nd)(t)values(-9.8 to-7.8)and negative zircon ε_(Hf)(t)values(-12.02 to-5.11).The geochemical and isotopic features suggest the Weixi granitoids were derived by partial melting of ancient crustal *** Weixi granitoids and silicic volcanic rocks were derived from the same magma by crystal accumulation and melt extraction,respectively,and they record the formation of a continental arc in the central Sanjiang orogenic belt.

关键词： granitoids geochemistry crystal accumulation continental crust Sanjiang orogen

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Phanerozoic Tectonic Evolution,Metallogenesis and Formation of Mineral Systems in China

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2024年第4期98卷 819-842页

作者： CHEN Xuanhua HAN Lele DING Weicui XU Shenglin TONG Ying ZHANG Yiping LI Bing ZHOU Qi WANG Ye sinoprobe laboratory Chinese Academy of Geological SciencesBeijing 100037China Institute of Geology Chinese Academy of Geological SciencesBeijing 100037China

The continental Asia is mainly composed of three major tectonic regimes,the Tethys,Paleo Asian Ocean,and West *** underwent multi-stage plate convergences,ocean-continent transformations,and subductions,collisions and/or collages,and post collisional(orogenic)extensions in *** evolution of the Asia brings up a unique fault system and tectonic geomorphological features in the China's ***,it provides a geodynamic background for the formation and evolution of metallogeneses and mineral systems,resulting in nonuniform distribution of tectono-metallogenic systems and metallogenic *** spatiotemporal distribution of mineral deposits in China and adjacent areas exhibits periodic variation under controlling of the full life Wilson cycle and tectonic evolution,forming the plate convergence-related mineral system in East *** Cu deposits are mainly related to compressional systems in Paleozoic and early Mesozoic,and more closely related to post-collision extensional settings in late Mesozoic and *** Au deposits mainly formed in post-orogeny extensional *** rock related rare earth element deposits formed mainly at margins of the North China and Yangtze ***-pegmatite Li and other rare metal deposits formed mainly in early Mesozoic,related to Indosinian post-orogeny ***-metallogenic systems provide important basis for the prospecting of mineral resources.

关键词： tectonic evolution geodynamic system post-orogenic extension metallogenesis tectono-metallogenic system East Asia

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Reconstruction of the thermal evolution since the late paleozoic in the Ounan Sag, Eastern Qaidam Basin, NW China: New constraints from vitrinite reflectance data and(U-Th)/He thermochronology

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Petroleum Science 2024年第5期21卷 2984-3000页

作者： Chang Zhong Hui Shi Xiao-Yin Tang Hao Zhang Yuan-Yuan Yang Jun-Jie Hu Xiao-Jie Wei Jia-Qi Wang Institute of Geomechanics Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences Key laboratory of Paleomagnetism and Tectonic Reconstruction Ministry of Natural Resources Key laboratory of Petroleum Geomechanics China Geological Survey sinoprobe Center Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences

Reconstructing the thermal evolution of the eastern Qaidam Basin is important for gaining a deeper understanding of its lithospheric geodynamics and for more accurate hydrocarbon evaluation and prediction. This article presents a set of new apatite and zircon（U-Th）/He thermochronological *** with 336 vitrinite reflectance（R_o） data, the thermal history of the Ouanan Sag in the eastern Qaidam Basin has been reconstructed using inversion models. Three detrital samples from the Ounan Sag shows that the apatite（U-Th）/He ages are primarily concentrated in the range of 17.0 Ma to 76.5 Ma and that the zircon（U-Th）/He ages range from 200 Ma to 289.3 Ma. The time-temperature models demonstrate that the Ounan Sag experienced rapid subsidence and heating from the Carboniferous to late Permian, and exhumation/cooling events from the end of Permian to the Triassic. This thermal evolution was influenced by the widespread intrusion of plutons, and the collision and orogenesis caused by asthenosphere upwelling below the Qaidam arc, and slab rollback of the Southern Kunlun oceanic lithosphere, respectively. Additionally, our models depict the main exhumation/cooling stages since the Paleogene and a reheating event in the Miocene as a result of the intensifying growth of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and local sedimentary loading, followed by the initial India-Eurasia collision. Furthermore, the eastern Qaidam Basin experienced consistent heating during the late Paleozoic, reaching the maximum paleotemperature and geothermal gradient in the late Permian, with values of ～230℃ and～43-44℃/km, respectively. This study suggests that the source rocks in the most upper member of upper Carboniferous Keluke（C2k） Formations in the Ounan Sag reached the gas generation stage in the late Permian.

关键词： Thermal evolution Eastern Qaidam Basin Late Paleozoic Apatite and zircon (U–Th)/He thermochronology Vitrinite reflectance

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A pilot project of ambient noise tomography on a dense seismic array in Ji'nan urban area

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Earthquake Science 2018年第5期31卷 262-271页

作者： Feng Liang Lei Gao Zhihui Wang Tao Wang Kai Liu sinoprobe Center-China Deep Exploration Center Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences

In this study, we conducted ambient noise tomography(ANT), with 33-day data, to investigate the nearsurface shear-velocity structure in downtown Ji’nan, Shandong Province, China. The cross-correlation functions with quiet clear Rayleigh waves are obtained with more symmetrical energy distribution which indicates that strong human activities, such as moving vehicles and municipal engineering construction, can produce approximately isotropic distribution of noise sources for high-frequency signals. The direct surfacewave tomographic method with period-dependent ray-tracing is used to invert all surface-wave dispersion data in the period band 0.2–1.5 s simultaneously for 3D variations of shear-velocity structure. The study result can help us better understand the local geologic structures, evaluate the distribution and geometry of the fracture-karst media, and assess hazards of the concealed active fault and its effect on the springs in the future.

关键词： ambient noise shear wave velocity urban geophysics urban underground space dense array

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Relationship between the regional tectonic activity and crustal structure in the eastern Tibetan plateau discovered by gravity anomaly

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Earthquake Science 2016年第2期29卷 71-81页

作者： Xiao Xu Rui Gao Xiaoyu Guo Key laboratory of Earthprobe and Geodynamics MLR Instituteof GeologyChinese Academy of Geological Sciences sinoprobe Center Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences

The eastern Tibetan plateau has been getting more and more attention because it combines active faults,uplifting, and large earthquakes together in a high-population region. Based on the previous researches, the most of Cenozoic tectonic activities were related to the regional structure of the local blocks within the crustal scale. Thus,a better understanding of the crustal structure of the regional tectonic blocks is an important topic for further study. In this paper, we combined the simple Bouguer gravity anomaly with the Moho depths from previous studies to investigate the crustal structure in this area. To highlight the crustal structures, the gravity anomaly caused by the Moho relief has been reduced by forward modeling calculations. A total horizontal derivative（THD） had been applied on the gravity residuals. The results indicated that the crustal gravity residual is compatible with the topography and the geological settings of the regional blocks,including the Sichuan basin, the Chuxiong basin, the Xiaojiang fault, and the Jinhe fault, as well as the Longmenshan fault zone. The THD emphasized the west margin of Yangtze block, i.e., the Longriba fault zone and the Xiaojiang fault cut through the Yangtze block. The checkboard pattern of the gravity residual in the SongpanGarze fold belt and Chuandian fragment shows that the crust is undergoing a southward and SE-directed extrusion,which is coincident with the flowing direction indicatedfrom the GPS measurements. By integrating the interpretations, the stepwise extensional mechanism of the eastern Tibetan plateau is supported by the southeastward crustal deformation, and the extrusion of Chuandian fragment is achieved by Xianshuihe fault.

关键词： Eastern Tibetan plateau Tectonic activity Crustal structures Gravity anomaly

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Coal-bearing strata sequence stratigraphy of Paleogene Meihe Formation,Meihe Basin,NE China

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International Journal of Coal Science & Technology 2021年第4期8卷 547-561页

作者： Yueyue Bai Qingtian Lii Zhaojun Liu Pingchang Sun Rong Liu Shuqing Yao sinoprobe-China Deep Exploration Center Chinese Academy of Geological SciencesBeijng 100037China Key laboratory for Oil Shale and Coexisting Minerals Mineralization and Exploration and Exploitation Jilin UniversityChangchun 130061China

The Meihe Basin is an important Paleogene coal-bearing basin located in the Dunhua-Mishan Fault Zone,northeastern *** on a comprehensive study of well logs,seismic profiles,cores and rock geochemical properties,the coal distribution,paleoenvironment evolution within a sequence stratigraphic framework and the accumulation model to explain how coal seams developed in small fault basin were discussed in ***-third-order sequences were identified in the Paleogene Meihe Formation of Meihe Basin and the two coal-bearing sequences are the Lower Coalbearing Member of Sequence I and the Upper Coal-bearing Member of Sequence *** three types of system tracts are developed in both sequences,i.e.,the lowstand systems tract(LST),the transgressive systems tract(TST),and the highstand systems tract(HST).In LST of Sequence I,fan delta plain marsh is the main coal accumulating environment where coal seams are thin,discontinuous and therefore uneconomic for mining,and it is the same with all coal seams developed in Sequence *** in TST and HST of Sequence I,lake swamp is the main sedimentary environment where coal seams are thick,continuous,widely distributed,and thus economically attractive for *** the study area,the nice thick economical coal seams are usually developed in an ideal stable depositional environment where organic matter accommodation space grows at a balanced rate with peat,in other words,free of sediment input or channel *** key findings of this study could provide guidance for the exploration of coal seams in the Meihe Basin and other similar basins.

关键词： Coal seam Sequence stratigraphy Fan delta Swamp Meihe Basin

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Identification of carbonates with high positive carbon isotope excursion from the Liaohe Group in the northeastern North China Craton and implications for the Lomagundi-Jatuli Event

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Science China Earth Sciences 2024年第9期67卷 2824-2844页

作者： Hongyu WANG Shuanhong ZHANG Sen WANG Linghao KONG Yue ZHAO Qiqi ZHANG Sen GAO Guohui HU Institute of Geomechanics Chinese Academy of Geological SciencesBeijing 100081China Key laboratory of Paleomagnetism and Tectonic Reconstruction Ministry of Natural ResourcesBeijing 100081China sinoprobe laboratory Chinese Academy of Geological SciencesBeijing 100037China School of Earth Science and Mineral Resources China University of GeosciencesBeijing 100083China

The Great Oxidation Event(GOE)during the early Paleoproterozoic represents the first significant buildup in Earth’s atmospheric oxygen and resulted in a series of significant changes in the Earth’s surface *** them is the 2.22(or 2.33)–2.06 Ga Lomagundi-Jatuli Event(LJE),which is globally,the largest magnitude and longest duration,marine carbonate positive carbon isotope excursion(δ^(13)C_(V-PDB)>10‰)*** event has attracted the attention of scholars all over the ***,except for a high positive carbon isotope excursion(δ^(13)C_(V-PDB)>10‰)recently identified from marine carbonate rocks within the Daposhan Formation in the lower Fanhe Group(or the Sanchazi Group)in the Longgang Block in the northeast North China Craton(NCC),Paleoproterozoic carbonates in the NCC are characterized by a low-amplitude positive carbon isotope excursion(δ^(13)C_(V-PDB)10‰)of marine carbonate rocks occurred at about 2.15 *** co

关键词： Lomagundi-Jatuli Event(LJE) Great Oxidation Event(GOE) Carbon-oxygen isotopes Liaohe Group Marine carbonate Jiao-Liao-Ji Belt North China Craton

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