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Journal of Semiconductors 2021年第2期42卷 80-99页

作者： Shuyu Bao Yue Wang Khaw Lina Li Zhang Bing Wang Wardhana Aji Sasangka Kenneth Eng Kian Lee Soo Jin Chua Jurgen Michel Eugene Fitzgerald Chuan Seng Tan Kwang Hong Lee Low Energy Electronic Systems(LEES) Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology(SMART)Singapore 138602Singapore School of Electronics and Information Technology Sun Yat-Sen UniversityGuangzhou 510006China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering National University of SingaporeSingapore 117576Singapore Materials research Laboratories Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMA02139USA Department of Materials Science and Engineering Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMA 02139USA School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Nanyang Technological UniversitySingapore 639798Singapore

The heterogeneous integration of III-V devices with Si-CMOS on a common Si platform has shown great promise in the new generations of electrical and optical systems for novel applications,such as HEMT or LED with integrated control *** heterogeneous integration,direct wafer bonding(DWB)techniques can overcome the materials and thermal mismatch issues by directly bonding dissimilar materials systems and device structures *** addition,DWB can perform at wafer-level,which eases the requirements for integration alignment and increases the scalability for volume *** this paper,a brief review of the different bonding technologies is *** that,three main DWB techniques of single-,double-and multi-bonding are presented with the demonstrations of various heterogeneous integration ***,the integration challenges,such as micro-defects,surface roughness and bonding yield are discussed in detail.

关键词： material thin film integrated circuit

PIC-integrable,uniformly tensile-strained Ge-on-insulator photodiodes enabled by recessed SiN_(x) stressor

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Photonics research 2021年第7期9卷 1255-1263页

作者： YIDING LIN DANHAO MA KWANG HONG LEE RUI-TAO WEN GOVINDO SYARANAMUAL LIONEL CKIMERLING CHUAN SENG TAN JURGEN MICHEL School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Nanyang Technological UniversitySingapore 639798Singapore Low Energy Electronic Systems(LEES) Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and TechnologySingapore 138602Singapore department of Materials Science and Engineering Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMassachusetts 02139USA Materials research Laboratories Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMassachusetts 02139USA Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics Halle(Saale)06120Germany Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen 518055China

Mechanical strain engineering has been promising for many integrated photonic applications. However,for the engineering of a material electronic bandgap,a trade-off exists between the strain uniformity and the integration compatibility with photonic-integrated circuits (PICs). Herein,we adopted a straightforward recess-type design of a silicon nitride (SiNx) stressor to achieve a uniform strain with enhanced magnitude in the material of interest on PICs. Normal-incidence,uniformly 0.56% tensile strained germanium (Ge)-on-insulator (GOI) metal-semiconductor-metal photodiodes were demonstrated,using the recessed stressor with 750 MPa tensile stress. The device exhibits a responsivity of 1.840.15 A∕W at 1550 nm. The extracted Ge absorption coefficient is enhanced by -3.2×to 8340 cm^(-1) at 1612 nm and is superior to that of In_(0.53)Ga_(0.47)As up to 1630 nm limited by the measurement spectrum. Compared with the nonrecess strained device,additional absorption coefficient improvement of 10%–20% in the C-band and 40%–60% in the L-band was observed. This work facilitates the recessstrained GOI photodiodes for free-space PIC applications and paves the way for various (e.g.,Ge,GeSn or III-V based) uniformly strained photonic devices on PICs.

关键词： recess strained stress

Silica nanocone array as a template for fabricating a plasmon induced hot electron photodetector

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Photonics research 2019年第3期7卷 294-299页

作者： ZHIQIANG YANG KANG DU FANFAN LU YANG PANG SHIJIA HUA XUETAO GAN WENDING ZHANG SOO JIN CHUA TING MEI Key Laboratory of Space Applied Physics and Chemistry Ministry of Education and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Optical Information TechnologySchool of Science Northwestern Polytechnical University Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering National University of Singapore LEES Program Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research & Technology (SMART)

Plasmon induced hot electrons have attracted a great deal of interest as a novel route for photodetection and lightenergy harvesting. Herein, we report a hot electron photodetector in which a large array of nanocones deposited sequentially with aluminum, titanium dioxide, and gold films can be integrated functionally with nanophotonics and microelectronics. The device exhibits a strong photoelectric response at around 620 nm with a responsivity of 180 μA/W under short-circuit conditions with a significant increase under 1 V reverse bias to 360 μA/W. The increase in responsivity and a red shift in the peak value with increasing bias voltage indicate that the bias causes an increase in the hot electron tunneling effect. Our approach will be advantageous for the implementation of the proposed architecture on a vast variety of integrated optoelectronic devices.

关键词： Silica nanocone array plasmon induced hot electron photodetector

SYNTHESIS OF ROBOTIC MECHANISM FOR MICROSURGICAL CORNEAL GRAFTING

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Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering 2005年第3期18卷 356-360页

作者： Hu Yida Zhao Zhiwen Li Dazhai Zong Guanghua Robotic institute Beihang University Beijing 100083 China singapore-MIT alliance School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Nanyang Technological University 639798 Singapore

In order to enhance the effect of comeal grafting, an assisting microsurgical robot has been developed. As one of principal issues for the robotic system design, type and size synthesis of the robotic mechanism is discussed. For this purpose, timeline subtask is analyzed with surgical component motion in manual comeal grafting microsurgery, as the reference of robotic mechanism synthesis. On the basis of study on the kinematic correlation between the arm structures and the wrist structures, configuration of joint is determined for the surgical task and motion in type synthesis of the mechanism. The objective for size synthesis of robotic mechanism is optimization of the mechanism dexterity as a manipulation capability. The condition number based on Jacob matrix is chosen as dexterity measure of the mechanism. The prototype is developed.

关键词： Mechanism synthesis Robot Microsurgery Comeal grafting

The Modified Ghost Fluid Method Applied to Fluid-Elastic Structure Interaction

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Advances in Applied Mathematics and Mechanics 2011年第5期3卷 611-632页

作者： Tiegang Liu A.W.Chowdhury Boo Cheong Khoo LMIB and School of Mathematics and Systems Science Beijing University of Aeronautics and AstronauticsBeijing 100191China Department of Mechanical Engineering National University of SingaporeSingapore 119260Singapore singapore-MIT alliance 4 Engineering Drive 3National University of SingaporeSingapore 117576Singapore

In this work,the modified ghost fluid method is developed to deal with 2D compressible fluid interacting with elastic solid in an Euler-Lagrange coupled *** applying the modified Ghost Fluid Method to treat the fluid-elastic solid coupling,the Navier equations for elastic solid are cast into a system similar to the Euler equations but in Lagrangian ***,to take into account the influence of material deformation and nonlinear wave interaction at the interface,an Euler-Lagrange Riemann problem is constructed and solved approximately along the normal direction of the interface to predict the interfacial status and then define the ghost fluid and ghost solid *** tests are presented to verify the resultant method.

关键词： Fluid-elastic structure interaction Euler-Lagrange coupling Euler-Lagrange Riemann problem ghost fluid method modified ghost fluid method

Dynamical machine learning volumetric reconstruction of objects’ interiors from limited angular views

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Light(Science & Applications) 2021年第5期10卷 824-844页

作者： Iksung Kang Alexandre Goy George Barbastathis Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Massachusetts Institute of Technology77 Massachusetts AveCambridgeMAUSA Department of Mechanical Engineering Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMA 02139USA singapore-MIT alliance for research and Technology(SMART)Centre 1 Create WaySingapore 117543Singapore Omnisens SA Morges 1110Switzerland

Limited-angle tomography of an interior volume is a challenging, highly ill-posed problem with practical implications in medical and biological imaging, manufacturing, automation, and environmental and food security. Regularizing priors are necessary to reduce artifacts by improving the condition of such problems. Recently, it was shown that one effective way to learn the priors for strongly scattering yet highly structured 3D objects, e.g. layered and Manhattan, is by a static neural network [Goy et al. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 116, 19848–19856 (2019)]. Here, we present a radically different approach where the collection of raw images from multiple angles is viewed analogously to a dynamical system driven by the object-dependent forward scattering operator. The sequence index in the angle of illumination plays the role of discrete time in the dynamical system analogy. Thus, the imaging problem turns into a problem of nonlinear system identification, which also suggests dynamical learning as a better fit to regularize the reconstructions. We devised a Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) architecture with a novel Separable-Convolution Gated Recurrent Unit (SC-GRU) as the fundamental building block. Through a comprehensive comparison of several quantitative metrics, we show that the dynamic method is suitable for a generic interior-volumetric reconstruction under a limited-angle scheme. We show that this approach accurately reconstructs volume interiors under two conditions: weak scattering, when the Radon transform approximation is applicable and the forward operator well defined;and strong scattering, which is nonlinear with respect to the 3D refractive index distribution and includes uncertainty in the forward operator.

关键词： interior dynamical angular

Direct bandgap photoluminescence from n-type indirect GaInP alloys

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Photonics research 2017年第3期5卷 239-244页

作者： CONG WANG BING WANG RIKO I.MADE SOON-FATT YOON JURGEN MICHEL School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Nanyang Technological University Low Energy Electronic Systems Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology Department of Materials Science and Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology

This work studies Te doping effects on the direct bandgap photoluminescence(PL) of indirect Ga_(x)In_(1-x)P alloys(0.72 ≤ x ≤ 0.74). The temperature-dependent PL shows that the energy difference between direct Γ valley and indirect X valleys is reduced due to the bandgap narrowing(BGN) effect, and the direct band transition gradually dominates the PL spectra as temperature increases. Carrier thermalization has been observed for Te-doped Ga_(x)In_(1-x)P samples, as integrated PL intensity increases with increasing temperature from 175 to 300 K. The activation energy for carrier thermalization is reduced as doping concentration increases. Both BGN effect and carrier thermalization contribute to the carrier injection into the Γ valley. As a result, the direct band transition is enhanced in the Te-doped indirect Ga_(x)In_(1-x)P alloys. Therefore, the PL intensity of the Ga_(0.74)In_(0.26) P sample with active doping concentration of 9 × 10^(17)cm^(-3)is increased by five times compared with that of a nominally undoped sample. It is also found that the PL intensity is degraded significantly when the doping concentration is increased to 5 × 10^(18)cm^(-3). From cross-section transmission electron microscopy,no large dopant clusters or other extended defects were found contributing to this degradation.

关键词： type in is on of for Direct bandgap photoluminescence from n-type indirect GaInP alloys BGN from

Functional micro‐concrete 3D hybrid structures f abricated by two‐photon polymerization

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光电工程 2017年第4期44卷 393-399,469页

作者： Yang Li Lianwei Chen Fang Kong Zuyong Wang Ming Dao Chwee Teck Lim Fengping Li Minghui Hong National University of singapore 4 Engineering Drive 3 Singapore 117576 Singapore State Key Laboratory of Optical Technologies for Nano-Fabrication and Micro-Engineering Institute of Optics and Electronics Chinese Academy of Sciences Chengdu 610209 China singapore MIT alliance research and Technology Singapore 138602 Singapore College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Wenzhou University Wenzhou 325025 China

Arbitrary micro-scale three-dimensional(3D)structures fabrication is a dream to achieve many exciting goals that have been pursued for a long *** all these applications,the direct 3D printing to fabricate human organs and integrated photonic circuits are extraordinary attractive as they can promote the current technology to a new *** all the 3D printing methods available,two-photon polymerization(2PP)is very competitive as it is the unique method to achieve sub-micron resolution to make any desired tiny *** the conventional 2PP,the building block is the ***,the requirement for the building block is different for different *** is very necessary to investigate and improve the photoresist properties according to different *** this paper,we presented one hybrid method to modify the mechanical strength and light trapping efficiency of the photoresist,which transfers the photoresist into the *** micro-concrete structure can achieve±22%strength modification via a silica nano-particles *** structures doped with gold nano-particles show tunable plasmonic *** doped hybrid structure shows great potential to fabricate 3D micro-chip laser.

关键词： 3D打印光子集成电路发展现状技术创新

An Indirect-Forcing Immersed Boundary Method for Incompressible Viscous Flows with Interfaces on Irregular Domains

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Communications in Computational Physics 2009年第10期6卷 997-1021页

作者： Zhijun Tan K.M.Lim B.C.Khoo Desheng Wang singapore-MIT alliance 4 Engineering Drive 3National University of SingaporeSingapore 117576Singapore Department of Mechanical Engineering National University of Singapore10 Kent Ridge CrescentSingapore 119260Singapore Division of Mathematical Sciences School of Physical and Mathematical SciencesNanyang Technological UniversitySingapore 637371Singapore

An indirect-forcing immersed boundary method for solving the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations involving the interfaces and irregular domains is *** rigid boundaries and interfaces are represented by a number of Lagrangian control *** rigid boundaries are embedded in the Cartesian grid and singular forces at the rigid boundaries are applied to impose the prescribed velocity *** singular forces at the interfaces and the rigid boundaries are then distributed to the nearby Cartesian grid points using the immersed boundary *** the present work,the singular forces at the rigid boundaries are computed implicitly by solving a small system of equations at each time step to ensure that the prescribed velocity condition at the rigid boundary is satisfied *** deformable interfaces,the forces that the interface exerts on the fluid are computed from the configuration of the elastic interface and are applied to the *** Navier-Stokes equations are discretized using finite difference method on a staggered uniform Cartesian grid by a second order accurate projection *** ability of the method to simulate viscous flows with interfaces on irregular domains is demonstrated by applying to the rotational flow problem,the relaxation of an elastic membrane and flow in a constriction with an immersed elastic membrane.

关键词： Incompressible Navier-Stokes equation fast Poisson solvers immersed boundary method projection method Cartesian grid irregular domain finite difference methods

Tanned or Sunburned:How Excessive Light Triggers Plant Cell Death

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Molecular Plant 2020年第11期13卷 1545-1555页

作者： Stefano D'Alessandro Ines Beaugelin Michel Havaux Aix-Marseille University CEACNRSUMR7265BIAMInstitute of Biosciences and Biotechnologies of Aix Marseille13108 Saint-Paul-lez-DuranceFrance singapore-CEA alliance for research in Circular Economy(SCARCE) School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering62 Nanyang DriveSingapore 637459Republic of Singapore

Plants often encounter light intensities exceeding the capacity of photosynthesis(excessive light)mainly due to biotic and abiotic factors,which lower C02 fixation and reduce light energy *** excessive light,the photosynthetic electron transport chain generates damaging molecules,hence leading to photooxidative stress and eventually to cell *** this review,we summarize the mechanisms linking the excessive absorption of light energy in chloroplasts to programmed cell death in plant *** highlight the importance of reactive carbonyl species generated by lipid photooxidation,their detoxification,and the integrating role of the endoplasmic reticulum in the adoption of phototolerance or cell-death ***,we invite the scientific community to standardize the conditions of excessive light treatments.

关键词： Arabidopsis photosynthesis excessive light photooxidative stress carotenoid plant cell death stress response