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Prevalence of transfusion transmissible infections among various donor groups:A comparative analysis

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World Journal of Virology 2025年第1期14卷 108-117页

作者： Sanjay K Thakur Anil K Sinha Santosh K Sharma Aarzoo Jahan Dinesh K Negi Ruchika Gupta Sompal Singh Regional blood Transfusion centre Hindu Rao Hospital and NDMC Medical CollegeNorth Delhi 110007DelhiIndia Department of Zoology Veer Kunwar Singh UniversityAra 802301BiharIndia Regional blood Transfusion centre and Pathology Hindu Rao Hospital and NDMC Medical CollegeNorth Delhi 110007DelhiIndia Department of Cytopathology ICMR-National Institute of Cancer Prevention and ResearchNoida 201301Uttar PradeshIndia

BACKGROUND Transfusion transmissible infections(TTIs)are illnesses spread through contaminated blood or blood *** India,screening for TTIs such as hepatitis B virus(HBV),hepatitis C virus(HCV),human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)-I/II,malaria,and syphilis is mandatory before blood ***,HCV,HBV,and HIV are the leading viruses causing mortality,affecting millions of people globally,including those with co-infections of HIV/HCV and HIV/*** highlight the impact of TTIs on life expectancy and health risks,such as liver cirrhosis,cancer,and other diseases in individuals with chronic ***,millions of blood donations take place annually,emphasizing the importance of maintaining blood *** To study the prevalence of TTIs,viz.,HBV,HCV,HIV I/II,syphilis,and malaria parasite(MP),among different blood donor *** The study assessed the prevalence of TTIs among different blood donor groups in Delhi,*** included total donors,in-house donors,total camp donors,institutional camp donors,and community camp *** for HIV,HBV,and HCV were done using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,while syphilis was tested with rapid plasma reagins and MP rapid card *** prevalence of HBV,HCV,HIV,and syphilis,expressed as *** in infection rates between the groups were analyzed usingχ²tests and P-values(less than 0.05).RESULTS The study evaluated TTIs among 42158 blood donors in *** overall cumulative frequency of TTIs in total blood donors was 2.071%,and the frequencies of HBV,HCV,HIV-I/II,venereal disease research laboratory,and MP were 1.048%,0.425%,0.221%,0.377%,and 0.0024%,***-house donors,representing 37656 donors,had the highest transfusion transmissible infection(TTI)prevalence at 2.167%.Among total camp donors(4502 donors),TTIs were identified in 1.266%of donors,while community camp donors(2439 donors)exhibited a prevalence of 1.558%.Institutional camp donors(2063 donors)had the l

关键词： blood donors Transfusion transmissible infections Hepatitis B virus Human immunodeficiency virus Hepatitis C virus Malaria parasite Syphilis

Surgical management of invasive fungal infections in adult leukemia patients:experience from a large tertiary center in Southeast-Asia

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blood Science 2020年第2期2卷 59-65页

作者： Bryan M.H.Keng Zhi Xuan Ng Yan Chin Tan Thuan Tong Tan Gee Chuan Wong Chandramouli Nagarajan Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine National University of SingaporeSingapore Department of Haematology Singapore General HospitalSingapore Department of Infectious Diseases Singapore General HospitalSingapore singhealth duke-nus blood cancer centre Singapore

Objectives:Invasive fungal infections(IFIs)are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in acute leukemia patients undergoing chemotherapy or hematopoietic stem cell transplantation(HSCT).Surgical interventions may be necessary to improve the survival outcomes of these *** aim of this study is to report a single-center experience using surgical intervention as adjunctive treatment for IFI in adult leukemia ***:A retrospective review was conducted to obtain clinical characteristics and outcomes of surgically managed IFI patients diagnosed between January 2005 and December 2015 in our ***:Nineteen acute leukemia patients,median age 46 years(range 19–65),underwent 20 surgical procedures as management for *** patients had proven IFI diagnoses prior to *** patients underwent surgery for both diagnostic and therapeutic ***-surgery,the diagnostic yield for proven IFI increased by a factor of 5,and 15 patients had definitive IFI *** complications included 2 pleural effusions,4 pneumothoraxes,and 1 *** median duration of hospitalization for patients with complications was 9 days(range 3–64).Thirteen patients benefited overall from the procedure,3 had temporary clinical benefits,and 2 had progression of *** surgery,the 3-month and 2-year overall survival rates were 89.5%and 57.9%,*** median time from surgery to resumption of chemotherapy or HSCT was 25 ***:Surgical interventions for IFI are feasible in selected leukemia patients,as they yield valuable information to guide antifungal therapy or enable therapeutic outcomes with acceptable risk,thereby allowing patients to proceed with curative chemotherapy and HSCT.

关键词： Invasive fungal infection Leukemia Surgical management

Benign prostatic hyperplasia and male lower urinary symptoms:A guide for family physicians

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Asian Journal of Urology 2017年第3期4卷 181-184页

作者： Farhad Fakhrudin Vasanwala Michael Yuet Chen Wong Henry Sun Sien Ho Keong Tatt Foo Department of Family Medicine Sengkang Hospital at Alexandra HospitalSingHealthSingapore International Urology Fertility and Gynaecology CentreMount Elizabeth Medical CentreSingapore Department of Urology Singapore General HospitalSingHealthSingapore

Male patients with lower urinary tract symptoms(LUTS)and benign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH)are increasingly seen by family physicians worldwide due to ageing demographics.A systematic way to stratify patients who can be managed in the community and those who need to be referred to the urologist is thus very *** history taking,physical examination,targeted blood or urine tests,and knowing the red flags for referral are the mainstay of stratifying these *** selection is always key in clinical practice and in the setting of the family *** best patient to manage is one above 40 years of age,symptomatic with nocturia,slower stream and sensation of incomplete voiding,has a normal prostatespecific antigen level,no palpable bladder,and no haematuria or pyuria on the *** roles of α blockers,5-α reductase inhibitors,and antibiotics in a primary care setting to manage this condition are also discussed.

关键词： Benign prostatic hyperplasia Male lower urinary tract symptoms Guideline Family physicians

An intensive and personalised care planning programme improves clinical outcomes in patients with diabetic retinopathy:a pilot randomised controlled trial

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Annals of Eye Science 2020年第1期5卷 9-14页

作者： Amudha Aravindhan Eva K.Fenwick Ryan Eyn Kidd Man Aw Ai Tee Ecosse L.Lamoureux Singapore Eye Research Institute Singapore duke-nus Medical School Singapore Singapore National Eye centre Singapore National University of Singapore Singapore

Background:Using a pilot randomised controlled trial(RCT),to assess the short-term effectiveness of a structured diabetic retinopathy(DR)-specific,intensive,and personalised care planning(DR-IPCP)intervention on diabetes control outcomes in Singaporeans with poorly controlled type 2 ***:Eighteen individuals with mild-moderate DR and poor glycemic control[HbA1c≥64 mmol/mol(≥8.0%)over two consecutive 6-month readings]were randomized to DR-IPCP(n=9)or usual care(UC,n=9).The intervention included a physician consultation,an initial personalised eye consultation with a experienced diabetes nurse educator,and three behaviour change follow-up ***1c(primary outcome),lipids and blood pressure were assessed at baseline and three months *** feedback regarding the DR-IPCP program was collected at three months via a semi-structured telephone ***:While no significant between-group differences were observed,DR-IPCP participants experienced significant within-group reductions in HbA1c,total cholesterol,and low density lipoprotein at follow-up compared to baseline[7 mmol/mol(−0.8%),−0.64 mmol/L,and−0.66 mmol/L,respectively].No significant within-group changes in these parameters were observed in the UC *** the DR-IPCP intervention,participants reported a clearer understanding of the link between diabetes management;the development and progression of ***:DR-IPCP provides an effective short-term improvement in diabetes control parameters in DR patients with poor diabetes *** adequately powered and longitudinal RCT is warranted to assess the clinical,patient-centred and economic potential of this programme in this population.

关键词： Diabetic retinopathy randomised controlled trial diabetes control personalised care planning intervention behaviour

From blood to breath: New horizons for esophageal cancer biomarkers

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2016年第46期22卷 10077-10083页

作者： Roger Yazbeck Simone E Jaenisch David I Watson Department of Surgery Flinders Centre for Innovation in Cancer Flinders University

Esophageal cancer is a lethal cancer encompassing adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma subtypes. The global incidence of esophageal cancer is increasing world-wide, associated with the increased prevalence of associated risk factors. The asymptomatic nature of disease often leads to late diagnosis and five-year survival rates of less than 15%. Current diagnostic tools are restricted to invasive and costly endoscopy and biopsy for histopathology. Minimally and non-invasive biomarkers of esophageal cancer are needed to facilitate earlier detection and better clinical management of patients. This paper summarises recent insights into the development and clinical validation of esophageal cancer biomarkers, focussing on circulating markers in the blood, and the emerging area of breath and odorant biomarkers.

关键词： Breath analysis cancer Micro RNA Noninvasive Esophageal cancer Biomarker

Submacular hemorrhage:treatment update and remaining challenges

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Annals of Eye Science 2017年第1期2卷 7-11页

作者： Chee Wai Wong Jan Carlo Yu Alegre Yew San Ian Yeo Chui Ming Gemmy Cheung Singapore Eye Research Institute Singapore National Eye CentreSingapore Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program Duke-NUS Medical SchoolNational University of SingaporeSingapore

Submacular haemorrhage(SMH)is a sight threatening complication that can occur in exudative age related macular degeneration(AMD),but has been described to occur more frequently in eyes with polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy(PCV).Left untreated,SMH carries a grave visual ***,expedient diagnosis and effective management of this complication is of paramount *** treatment strategies for SMH include(I)displacement of blood from the fovea,usually by injection of an expansile gas;(II)pharmacologic clot lysis such as with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator(rtPA);and(III)treatment of the underlying choroidal neovascularization(CNV)or PCV,such as with anti-vascular endothelial growth factor(anti-VEGF)*** three strategies have been employed in isolation or in combination,some concurrently and others in *** has demonstrable effect on the liquefaction of submacular clots but there are remaining uncertainties with regards to the dose,safety and the timing of initial and repeat *** side effects of rtPA include retinal pigment epithelial toxicity,increased risk of breakthrough vitreous haemorrhage and systemic *** cases presenting early,pneumatic displacement alone with anti-VEGF may be ***-VEGF monotherapy is a viable treatment option particularly in patients with thinner SMH and those who are unable to posture post pneumatic displacement.

关键词： Submacular hemorrhage(SMH) recombinant tissue plasminogen activator(rtPA) polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy(PCV)

Gamma oscillations and their role in orchestrating balance and communication following stroke

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第2期20卷 477-478页

作者： Montana Samantzis Cong Wang Matilde Balbi Queensland Brain Institute The University of QueenslandBrisbaneQLDAustralia Engineering Research centre of Traditional Chinese Medicine Intelligent Rehabilitation Ministry of EducationShanghaiChina

Induced brain oscillations in the gamma range have recently garnered attention due to their reported neuroprotective effects in the treatment of Alzheimer’s *** method differs from pharmacological approaches by tapping into the neuronal population dynamics that underlie the homeostatic processes in the brain that are crucial for the recovery of ***,induced gamma-range oscillations have been used to improve cerebral blood flow,motor function,and synaptic plasticity in a mouse model of focal stroke,highlighting the broad potential of recruiting intrinsic recovery processes for the treatment of neurological *** open questions,such as the frequency specificity of the benefits,will shed light on the intrinsic processes involved and allow clinicians to optimize recovery after stroke.

关键词： protective specificity Alzheimer

Promises and pitfalls of targeted agents in chronic lymphocytic leukemia

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cancer Drug Resistance 2020年第3期3卷 415-444页

作者： Thomas E.Lew Mary Ann Anderson John F.Seymour Department of Clinical Haematology The Royal Melbourne Hospital and Peter MacCallum Cancer CentreParkville 3050Australia. blood Cells and blood cancer Division Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical ResearchParkville 3050Australia. Faculty of Medicine Dentistry and Health SciencesThe University of MelbourneParkville 3050Australia.

Targeted agents have significantly improved outcomes for patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia,particularly high-risk subgroups for whom chemoimmunotherapy previously offered limited *** classes of agent in particular,the Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitors(e.g.,ibrutinib)and the B-cell lymphoma 2 inhibitor,venetoclax,induce high response rates and durable remissions in the relapsed/refractory and frontline ***,maturing clinical data have revealed promises and pitfalls for both *** drugs induce remissions and disease control in the majority of patients,often in situations where modest efficacy would be expected with traditional chemoimmunotherapy ***,in the relapsed and refractory setting,both agents appear to be associated with an inevitable risk of disease relapse and *** patterns of resistance are being described for both agents but a common theme appears to be multiple sub-clonal drivers of disease *** these mechanisms and developing effective and safe methods to circumvent the emergence of resistance will determine the longer-term utility of these agents to improve patients’quality and length of *** drug combinations,optimised scheduling and sequencing of therapy will likely hold the key to achieving these important goals.

关键词： Chronic lymphocytic leukemia drug resistance venetoclax B-cell lymphoma 2 ibrutinib bruton tyrosine kinase idelalisib phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase

The role of cell free DNA and liquid biopsies in haematological conditions

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cancer Drug Resistance 2020年第3期3卷 521-531页

作者： Nicholas Bingham Andrew Spencer Australian centre for blood Diseases Monash UniversityVictoria 3181Australia.

Cell free nucleic acids(CFNAs)are nucleic acids released from cells that circulate within bodily *** advances in molecular techniques have led to the ability to interrogate CFNAs in a clinically meaningful way,for example the identification and assessment of foetal CFNAs in maternal blood,allowing minimally invasive testing for foetal genetic *** majority of CFNAs arise from haemopoietic cells,making it a particularly rich source of genetic information in haematological ***,the innate genetic heterogeneity of haematological malignancies,as epitomised by multiple myeloma,lend itself well to“liquid biopsies”.This approach promises to provide a more wholistic assessment of whole disease genetics,especially when contrasted against the current gold-standard of single site tissue *** review briefly summarises the definitions and physiology of CFNAs,both cell free DNA(cfDNA)and extracellular RNA(exRNA),before exploring the literature surrounding the current and future roles of cfDNA in the haematological malignancies and patient care.

关键词： cfDNA liquid biopsy haematology myeloma lymphoma leukaemia