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The Causality and Relation of Corruption With Basic Macro-economic Tables （Charts）

Chinese Business Review 2011年第8期10卷 665-676页

作者： Bulent Ozkan Birol Erkan silkroad development agency Gaziantep Turkey Kilis 7 Arahk University Kilis Turkey

Corruption which means the use of public power for private interests is one of the most important problems either in less developed and developing countries or developed countries. Especially in less developed and developing countries, corruption is a serious obstacle in front of economic development. Corruption is raised from deficiency in democracy, deficient judgement, unfair elections and dependent media sector includes bribery, embezzlement, forgery, fraud, favouritism, nepotism and illegal beneficial use of public authority. The aim of the paper is to determine the causal relationship between corruption and basic macro-economic indicators. For this purpose, in this study, the basic mic indications such as import, export, budget deficit, manufacturer price index are taken into account as variables to examine their relation with corruption. By getting use of the data obtained from CPI index, the relation between the variables is examined using the T-Test. Furthermore, to determine the causality among all the variables, correllation analysis is applied to present causal relations between the corruption and macro-economic variables. The findings concluded that there is a significant correlation among corruption, manufacturer price index and export-import. However, there is no significant correlation with budget deficit.

关键词： corruption import export budget

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化身话智能通信技术及其应用研究

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东北师大学报（自然科学版） 2006年第2期38卷 27-30页

作者：刘学军青木由直东北师范大学计算机学院 e-silkroad研究工房

针对异种语言、异种文化间的信息交换,提出了化身话的概念,并就基于此技术的智能通信技术进行了详细的阐述.通过引入XML(eXtensible Markup Language)技术建立了作为智能通信基础的化身数据库,实现了异种要素数据库的互连、要素的表现... 详细信息

针对异种语言、异种文化间的信息交换,提出了化身话的概念,并就基于此技术的智能通信技术进行了详细的阐述.通过引入XML(eXtensible Markup Language)技术建立了作为智能通信基础的化身数据库,实现了异种要素数据库的互连、要素的表现以及基于SVG的化身图像的动态生成.同时,结合远程教育实际预测了该技术的应用领域和应用前景.

关键词：化身话智能通信 XML

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Study on disc cutter chipping of TBM based on field data and particle flow code simulation

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Underground Space 2023年第2期9卷 122-139页

作者： Yadong Xue Yongqiang Fan Xing Li Kai Shen Jiaxuan Wang Key Laboratory of Geotechnical and Underground Engineering of Education Ministry Tongji UniversityShanghai 200092China Department of Geotechnical Engineering College of Civil EngineeringTongji UniversityShanghai 200092China China State Construction silkroad Construction Investment Group Co. LTDXi’an 710075China School of Civil Engineering Central South UniversityChangsha 410075China

Using tunnel boring machines to excavate high-strength intact rock masses is becoming more *** to the interactions between disc cutters and rocks,abnormal wear of disc cutters,especially cutter chipping,has become a common *** research has mainly focused on normal wear of disc cutters without addressing abnormal wear *** study used the disc cutter consumption data of a tunnel project in China to investigate the abovementioned problem based on field *** to the fail-ure patterns and fracture surface characteristics,the cutter chipping patterns were mainly categorized into four types:granule chipping,patch chipping,primary collapse,and secondary *** further simulate the evolution of disc cutter chipping,based on the linear plastic bond model,a new contact model called the modified plastic bond(MPB)model was proposed to solve the metal simulation prob-lem in Particle Flow Code *** this end,a set of uniaxial tensile and compressive tests were initially conducted to verify the applicability of the MPB ***,a series of three-dimensional rock-cutting simulation tests were conducted to reflect the evolu-tionary processes involved in each type of cutter *** cutter chipping mechanism and morphological characteristics were clas-sified and summarized in *** results revealed that the cutting speed and penetration growth led to a rising trend in the probability and intensity of the cutter *** presence of initial defects also induced an adverse effect on the service life of the *** results indicated suitable working conditions for the cutter and suggested ways to control tunneling parameters and avoid frequent cutter chipping cases.

关键词： Tunnel boring machine Disc cutter Cutter chipping Particle flow code Modified plastic bond model

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