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2019年中国作物学会学术年会

作者： Yi-Yang Zhang 帅京彤 Shen-He Su Peng-Fei Xie Xiao-Dong Pei Qiang Li Agronomy College Hunan Agriculture University Changsha Tobacco company of Hunan Tobacco company

Introduction: As one of the three basic elements of crop growth and development, potassium(K) has an impact on the physical, chemical and biological characteristics of tobacco. The soil of China is poor in K and the K mineral resources are relatively poor. K deficiency in farmland soils has become a common problem limiting crop yields in China. At present, biochar(BC) as a soil amendment and slow-release carrier of fertilizer has attracted much attention in agricultural production. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to study the effects of BC application on K uptake in tobacco under soil microbial and chemical environments through pot experiments. Material and Methods: A 3-year pot experiment was used to verify the connection between tobacco K accumulation and soil chemical properties along with soil enzyme activities for biochar addition. BC was added once into the soil at four rates of 0%, 5%, 10% and 15%(dry biochar weight/wet soil weight) — preliminary the characteristics of K release and transformation in paddy soil under different BC amount. Results: Compared to K accumulation value(KAV) from the control treatment(CK) with no BC, it improved KAV by 12.1–16.6% in the 10–15% BC treatments in the first year. Next year, it increased KAV by 17.4–49.8% in the BC treatments and by 13.4–53.5% in the last year. In 2016, higher amounts of BC decreased soil enzyme activities, including invertase and catalase. After that, they tended to be varied same, increasing invertase activity by 0.1–12.3% and catalase activity by 0.5–15.1% annually following the BC compared with CK. BC increased soil available potassium(AK) by 14.1–25.8%, 15.2–64.8% and 9.5–61.6% for three consecutive years. Conclusions: The importance of BC for KAV and the major issue of K leaching are increasingly focusing attention on BC application, pointing towards the need for a more consistent approach to the use of BC across the tobacco-planting soil.

关键词： flue-cured tobacco biochar soil available potassium soil enzyme activity potassium accumulation value potassium recovery efficiency

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Effects of Artificial Aging on Physiological Characteristics of Rice Seeds with Different Dormancy Characteristics

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Agricultural Biotechnology 2019年第1期8卷 52-56页

作者： Dongdong CAO Shanyu CHEN Yutao HUANG Yebo QIN Guanhai RUAN Institute of Crop and Nuclear Technology Utilization Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Science Huzhou Keao Seed company Co.Ltd Zhejiang planting Administration Bureau

In this study,two indica varieties with different dormancy characteristics [4 K58( II-32 B dormant),4 K59( II-32 B) ] and their F2 seeds( C178,C179) obtained through hybridization with sterile line( II-32 A) were used as materials. Different aged seeds( 0,3,6 and 9 d) of these four varieties were acquired by artificial accelerated aging method. Effects of artificial aging on malondialdehyde( MDA) content and catalase( CAT),ascorbate peroxidase( APX),peroxidase( POD) and superoxide dismutase( SOD) activity were investigated. The results showed that with the prolongation of aging time,MDA contents of these four rice varieties increased significantly,while the activity of antioxidant enzymes decreased dramatically. Besides,MDA contents and SOD,CAT and APX activity of the two inbred lines were significantly lower than those of the hybrid varieties. In addition,the activity of antioxidant enzymes in 4 K58 and C178 was significantly lower than that in 4 K59 and C179,respectively. This study indicated that artificial aging treatment significantly inhibited the activity of antioxidant system in seeds,improved membrane lipid peroxidation degree,and thus aggravated the deterioration of seeds. In addition,it also suggested that rice seeds with dormant property were more intolerant to storage.

关键词： Artificial accelerated aging Rice Seed Physiological characteristics Dormancy

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The dynamics variation of soil moisture of shelterbelts along the Tarim Desert Highway

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2008年第S2期53卷 102-108页

作者： WANG YongDong XU XinWen LEI JiaQiang LI ShengYu ZHOU ZhiBin CHANG Qing WANG LuHai GU Feng QIU YongZhi XU Bo Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography Chinese Academy of SciencesUrumqi 830011China Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Tarim Branch PetroChina Company LimitedKorla 841000China

We studied the variation of soil moisture as well as its regularity over the irrigation cycle at shelterbelts along the Tarim Desert Highway at different site types and different planting years. The results show that: (1) There is an obvious temporal variation of soil moisture within a typical irrigation period in shelterbelts along the Tarim Desert Highway, and the soil water storage varied linearly with the number of days after irrigation. Along the direction perpendicular to the soil top, the soil profile can be divided into four layers and each shows different dynamics of soil moisture variation, including the quickly changing layer (0—20 cm), the active layer (20—60 cm), the weakly layer (60—100 cm), and the regulated layer (under 100 cm). (2) Both the soil moisture and soil water content decreased gradually with the number of planting year, while the soil water deficit increased. It indicates that shelterbelts along the Tarim Desert Highway can retain the water accumulated from previous years. (3) The soil water storage of harden sand is the maximum among all types of sites. Specifically, it is about 1.58 times higher than that of longitudinal dune, 1.15 times higher than clay, and 1.43 times higher than flat sand. Its soil water deficit was over 900 mm.

关键词： shelterbelts along the Tarim Desert Highway dynamics of soil moisture soil water storage soil water deficit

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Evaluation and Analysis of Nutrients in Tobacco-planting Soil in Fuzhou City

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Agricultural Biotechnology 2018年第5期7卷 194-200页

作者： Yanyan LI Xiaohu FENG Youwu ZHANG Fei QI Libing WANG Rui ZHANG Zhigao ZHANG Fuzhou Tobacco company in Jiangxi Province Fu zhou 344000China

[Objective] The aim was to explore the nutrient status of tobacco-planting soil, and find out the fertilization strategy for flue-cured tobacco. [Method] The nutrient contents in 142 soil samples from 7 tobacco planting counties in Fu Zhou city were determined and evaluated. [Result] The organic matter content was on the high side, and most soil was acid soil. The soil had abundant total nitrogen, total phosphorus and total potassium, moderate available nitrogen and available phosphorus, low available potassium, high water soluble chlorine, low soil cation exchange capacity and rich effective zinc, but effective boron was famine. [Conclusion] The meta-acid soil should be conducted with pH adjustment, and rational nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium application.

关键词： Tobacco soil pH Water soluble chlorine Fuzhou

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Prevention and Control Effects of Aphidius gifuensis against Myzus persicae in Shuicheng

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Plant Diseases and Pests 2017年第2期8卷 11-12页

作者： Wang Huacheng Deng Qiang Lou Fangneng Yi Mei Shuicheng Branch of Guizhou Tobacco company Shuicheng 553040China

The prevention and control effects of Aphidius gifuensis against Myzus persicae in four major tobacco planting villages and towns in Shuicheng County were investigated from 2015 to 2016. The results showed that the parasitic rate of M. persicae before A. gifuensis release was 0.85% in field, and that at 20 d after A. gifuensis release was 59.49%. The incidence rate of aphid-transmitted virus disease was controlled at 0.62%. The release of A. gifuensis increased its natural population quantity in field, and had obvious direct control effects against M. persicae. Meantime, it indirectly controlled the occurrence of aphid-transmitted virus disease to some extent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

关键词： Aphidius gifuensis Myzus persicae Control effect Survey

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Growth of cucumber seedlings in different varieties as affected by light environment

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2020年第5期13卷 73-78页

作者： Fang Ji Siqi Wei Nan Liu Lijun Xu Po Yang Key Laboratory of Agricultural Engineering in Structure and Environment of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs College of Water Resources&Civil EngineeringChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100083China Beijing Lighting Valley Technology company Beijing 100083China

High-quality cucumber seedlings are a prerequisite for ensuring high yield of *** the continuous increase of cucumber planting area in China,the demand for high-quality cucumber seedlings is also *** of the important ways to improve the quality of cucumber seedlings is to improve the light environment by using artificial light *** this study,three cucumber seedlings(***,*** and ***)were grown for 23 d under eight levels of daily light integral(DLI)at 4.3 mol/(m^(2)·d),8.6 mol/(m^(2)·d),10.1 mol/(m^(2)·d),13.0 mol/(m^(2)·d),5.8 mol/(m^(2)·d),11.5 mol/(m^(2)·d),14.4 mol/(m^(2)·d)and 17.3 mol/(m^(2)·d),*** results showed that when DLI was 14.4 mol/(m^(2)·d),the seedling height,stem diameter,total leaf area and shoot dry/fresh weight of all three cucumber cultivars reached the maximum,while hypocotyl length decreased with the increase of light *** DLI was 14.4 mol/(m^(2)·d),Jintong and Xiazhiguang had the highest health index,which were 49.29 and 28.56,respectively,while that of Yunv was 81.59(DLI=14.4 mol/(m^(2)·d)).With the increase of DLI,the photosynthetic capacity of cucumber increases *** highest net photosynthetic rate was shown at DLI of 14.4 mol/(m^(2)·d),while the chlorophyll content of cucumber seedlings of all three cultivars were less affected by *** and Yunv had the highest chlorophyll content when DLI was 8.6 mol/(m^(2)·d)because they were adapted to low-light *** conclusion,the DLI of 14.4 mol/(m^(2)·d)for Jintong and Xiazhiguang,while that of 17.3 mol/(m^(2)·d)for Yunv are suggested for the light environment design of factory-cultivated seedling for cucumber.

关键词： cucumber seedling daily light integral(DLI) growth photosynthesis

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Age Structure and Change Trend of Tobacco Farmers:A Case Study of Shashi Town,Liuyang City,Hunan Province

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Asian Agricultural Research 2023年第8期15卷 8-15页

作者： Jianwen WANG Liangjiao LIU Zhengguang ZHAI Zhiqiang DENG Tao ZHU Sihan HUANG Changsha Tobacco company Liuyang Branch Changsha 410302China Changsha Tobacco company Changsha 410600China PublicAdministration and Law College Hunan Agricultural UniversityChangsha 410128China Changsha Tobacco company Ningxiang Branch Changsha 410600China

Taking the tobacco-growing area of Shashi Town,Liuyang City as the object,the number of registered,newly added and resigned tobacco farmers in each year,average age,number and proportion of tobacco farmers of different ages,number and proportion of tobacco farmers born in different eras,as well as planting scale and planting history of flue-cured tobacco in the last 10 years were analyzed *** results showed that the number of tobacco farmers in Shashi Town showed a rapid decline trend from 2012 to 2018,while the average age continuously increased,and the average planting scale rose in a wave like *** 2019 to 2021,the decline rate of the number of tobacco farmers slowed down,and the average planting scale continuously increased,while the aging of tobacco farmers ***,the birth years of tobacco farmers were further concentrated in the 1960s,and they were mainly at the age of *** tobacco industry in Shashi Town of Liuyang City is facing the crisis of aging tobacco farmers and no successor of flue-cured tobacco planting,and it is predicted that the next 5-10 years will continue the change trend from 2019 to 2021.

关键词： Tobacco farmers Number Birth year Average age planting years Change trend Prediction

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Cultivation of “Roxo de Valinhos” Fig Tree in Different Plant Densities for Production of Green Figs for Industry in the Region of Campo Das Vertentes-MG

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Agricultural Sciences 2018年第9期9卷 1097-1106页

作者： Paulo Márcio Norberto Angelo Albérico Alvarenga JoséClelio de Andrade Filipe Almendagna Rodrigues Lair Victor Pereira Emerson Dias Goncalves company of Farming Research of Minas Gerais—EPAMIG LavrasBrazil Federal University of Lavras—UFLA LavrasBrazil

The objective of this work was to study the effect of different planting densities on the development and production of “Roxo de Valinhos” green figs for industry, in the Campo das Vertentes-MG region. The experiment was installed at the Risoleta Neves Experimental Field—CERN/EPAMIG. The plants used were three years old and were arranged in three randomized blocks, subject to three different planting densities, with spacings ranging from 1 m (4000 plants·ha-1), 1.5 m (2666 plants·ha-1), and 2 m (2000 plants·ha-1) between plants in the planting line and 2.5 m between row for all planting densities. The average length of the branches (m), average number of fruits per branch, average number of fruits per plant, average weight of fruits, average yield per plant and the average yield per hectare (kg) were evaluated. It was verified that, there were no significant differences in the length of branch and in the average weight of fruit, in the three densities of fig tree planting. (4000 plants·ha-1), the average number of fruits per branch (7.5), per plant (55.87) and yield per plant (878.93 kg) were lower, however. The average yield per hectare (3515.73 kg) was higher than in other growing densities. It is concluded that, the higher density of plants (4000 plants·ha-1), provides the highest productivity per area, without damages to the quality of the fruits.

关键词： planting Densities Agroindustry Ficus carica L.

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斯坦福大学教授:工作场所正在伤害我们!

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世界科学 2019年第3期 52-53页

作者：胡德良 Fast company

杰弗里·普费弗(Jeffrey Pfeffer)是斯坦福大学商学院组织行为学教授,他对自己2018年年初出版的《人为薪死》(Dying for a Paycheck,哈珀商务出版社)一书抱有雄心壮志。他说:"我希望,这本书能够成为关乎工作场所健康的《寂静的春天》(Si... 详细信息

杰弗里·普费弗(Jeffrey Pfeffer)是斯坦福大学商学院组织行为学教授,他对自己2018年年初出版的《人为薪死》(Dying for a Paycheck,哈珀商务出版社)一书抱有雄心壮志。他说:"我希望,这本书能够成为关乎工作场所健康的《寂静的春天》(silent Spring)。我们正在损害公司绩效和员工福祉,这本书需要成为叫停的号令,因为造成的伤害太大了!"《人为薪死》一书描绘了从健康保险的消失到长时间工作

关键词：斯坦福大学工作场所普费弗心理影响

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Soil Fertility Comparison between Rotations of Tobacco-Rice (TR) and Rape-Rice (RR)

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Agricultural Sciences 2021年第12期12卷 1527-1537页

作者： Xiangzhen Kong Yansong Xiao Qinyi Zhi Yahua Liao Bin He Hong Jian Juan Li Zhihui Cao Sijun Li Decheng Li Institute of Soil Science Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Chenzhou Tobacco company of Hunan Province Chenzhou China Hunan Tobacco Leaf Redrying Co. Ltd. Chenzhou China Hunan Provincial company of CNTC Changsha China

Tobacco-planting plays an important role in ensuring the high-quality tobacco raw materials supply and the local social and economic development in Chenzhou City. In recent years whether tobacco-planting is better for the maintenance and improvement of soil fertility than other crop-planting has been highly concerned. In this study, 16 soil fertility indicators and soil integrated index (IFI) were compared by 21 pairs of fields in Chenzhou city under the rotations of tobacco-rice (TF) and rice-rice (RR), and results showed that, comparing the mean values of soil fertility indicators, the contents of OM, TN, AN, AK, S and IFI were extremely significantly higher in TR than those in RR (p 2O5 and K2O are 8.61, 5.25 and 24.89 kg per 667 m2 respectively in tobacco-growing season, while the net decrease of N, P2O5 and K2O are 8.88, 4.70 and 4.62 kg per 667 m2 respectively in rape-growing season. C.V. of soil fertility indicators and IFI were meanly lower in TR (52.25% and 15.95%, respectively) than those in RR (63.07% and 22.12%, respectively). Comparatively, tobacco-planting can improve soil fertility better than rape-planting when rotated with late rice in Chenzhou city. For tobacco-planting, Mg fertilizer should be applied for 23.8% TR fields, while more N, K, Ca, Mg, S and B fertil

关键词： Comparison Soil Fertility Indicator Soil Integrated Index Tobacco-Rice Rotation (TR) Rape-Rice Rotation (RR) Chenzhou

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