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Influence of Host Shift on Genetic Differentiation of the Oriental Fruit Fly,Bactrocera dorsalis

Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2014年第12期13卷 2701-2708页

作者： WAN Xuan-wu LIU Ying-hong LUO Lin-ming FENG Chuan-hong WANG Sheng MA Li College of plant protection Southwest University/Chongqing Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering Sichuan Plant Protection Station

Invasion of the oriental fruit lfy, Bactrocera dorsalis, into new niches containing different food sources （a process referred to as host shift）, may cause population genetic differentiation and sympatric speciation. To attempt to infer that experimentally, test populations were established by transferring a subset of the original populations, which had been grown on banana for many generations, onto navel orange, and then subculturing the navel orange population and banana population for at least 20 generations. Four pairs of SSR primers with high polymorphism on laboratory strains were used to detect population genetic differentiation. All six tested populations （the 5th, 10th and 15th generations of B. dorsalis fed on banana and navel orange, respectively） were found to have low genetic diversity. Furthermore, the genetic diversity of the navel orange populations was found to decline after being crossed for several generations. Populations initially were deviated from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, however, equilibrium was achieved with increasing numbers of generations in both of the host populations. Limited gene lfows were found among the six populations. The Nei’s standard genetic distances between the two host populations of the same generation were initially low, but increased with generation number. Genetic distances between banana and navel orange populations of the same generation were lower than genetic distances between different generations grown on the same host plant. Analysis of molecular distance （AMOVA） results based on generation groups and host groups demonstrated that genetic variation among generations was greater than that between the two host populations. The results indicated that population genetic differentiation occurred after the host shift, albeit at low level. Biogeography and taxonomy of the B. dorsalis complex revealed that speciation of B. dorsalis might be tightly associated with host shift or host specialization of B. dorsalis following dispersal.

关键词： Bactrocera dorsalis oriental fruit lfy host shift population genetic differentiation sympatric speciation

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Survey and examination of the potential alternative hosts of Villosiclava virens, the pathogen of rice false smut, in China

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2015年第7期14卷 1332-1337页

作者： DENG Qi-de YONG Ming-li LI Dan-yang LAI Chao-hui CHEN Hong-ming FAN Jing HU Dong-wei The State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology Biotechnology Institute Zhejiang University plant protection station of Xiangshan County Rice Research Institute Sichuan Agricultural University

Rice false smut is caused by ascomycete Villosiclava virens, whose potential alternative hosts have been assumed previ- ously. Here its potential alternative hosts were surveyed and identified from 2008 to 2013 in the main rice-growing regions in China. Two common weeds in paddy fields, Digitaria sanguinalis Scop. and Echinochloa crusgalli （L.） Beauv., were found to present the similar symptoms to smut diseases in a few individuals in 2012 and 2013 in Zhejiang and sichuan provinces of China, respectively. After the examinations of the spore morphology, their infection and extension mode in hosts, pathogen cell wall components, and molecular identification, the two pathogens were identified to be the Basidiomycetes, Ustilago syntherismae and Ustilago trichophora, respectively. So far there has been no alternative host of V. virens to be identified in China. These suggest that the alternative hosts of V. virens, if they do exist, are not possible to play an important role in the pathogen life cycle and the disease epidemics.

关键词： alternative host Villosiclava virens Digitaria sanguinalis Scop. Echinochloa crusgalli （L.） Beauv. Ustilagospp. rice false smut

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Occurrence and Epidemic Regularity of Wheat Stripe Rust in Nanchong City of sichuan Province

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plant Diseases and Pests 2015年第6期6卷 17-23页

作者： Peng Changjia Bai Tikun Feng Libin Ding Pan Yang Yuheng Nanchong plant protection and Quarantine station College of plant protection Southwest University

In order to realize monitoring and early warning and comprehensive management of wheat stripe rust and to reduce its occurrence in Nanchong City, the occurrence and epidemic regularity of wheat stripe rust in Nanchong was studied by system monitoring and general survey, resistance identification, physiological race monitoring and meteorological data analysis. The initial occurrence location and spreading pathway of Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici （Pst） were first verified; there were two infection peaks of wheat stripe rust in Nanchong and one to three epidemic peaks in fields, in which the occurrence area of the first epidemic peak played a pivotal role in disease prevalence in that year; the cumulative occurrence area in late January was positively correlated with annual occurrence area, with the correlation coefficient of 0.769 ; the prediction model for infected field rate, diseased plant rate and annual occurrence area was established. The internal reason for heavy occurrence and prevalence of wheat stripe rust in Nanchong was the decline or loss of wheat resistance against stripe rust, as well as the appearance of physiological races of Pst, which later became dominant races. Large fluctuation of temperature in warm winter and spring and more fog and dew days were external reasons responsible for prevalence of stripe rust. From 2002 to 2014 ,the accuracy rate of short-term prediction of wheat stripe rust reached 100%, while that of me- dium-term and long-term prediction reached over 98% and 95%, respectively, 5% -15% higher than that of the years before 1998.

关键词： Wheat Stripe rust Occurrence characteristics Epidemic regularity Early warning level

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New geographic distribution and molecular diversity of Citrus chlorotic dwarf-associated virus in China

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2022年第1期21卷 293-298页

作者： YANG Zhen ZHANG Lan ZHAO Jin-fa ZHANG Xing-kai WANG Ying LI Tai-sheng ZHANG Wei ZHOU Yan National Citrus Engineering and Technology Research Center Citrus Research InstituteSouthwest UniversityChongqing 400712P.R.China Horticulture Research Institute Guangxi Academy of Agricultural SciencesNanning 530000P.R.China plant protection station of sichuan Agriculture and Rural Bureau Chengdu 610041P.R.China

In 2009, an emerging citrus viral disease caused by Citrus chlorotic dwarf-associated virus(CCDaV) was discovered in Yunnan Province of China. However, the occurrence and spread of CCDaV in other citrus-growing provinces in China is unknown to date. To better understand the distribution and molecular diversity of CCDaV in China, a total of 1 772 citrus samples were collected from 11 major citrus-growing provinces and were tested for CCDaV by PCR. Among these, 134 citrus samples from Guangxi, Yunnan and Guangdong were tested positive for CCDaV, demonstrating that the occurrence and spread of CCDaV are increasing in China. The complete genome sequences of 17 CCDaV isolates from different provinces and hosts were sequenced. Comparisons of the whole-genome sequences of the 17 CCDaV isolates as well as the 15 isolates available in GenBank revealed that the sequence identity was about 99–100%, showing that the CCDaV isolates were highly conserved. Phylogenetic studies showed that the 32 CCDaV isolates belonged to four different groups based on geographical origins and host species, and that CCDaV isolates from China and Turkey were clustered into different groups. The results provide important information for clarifying the distribution and genetic diversity of CCDaV in China.

关键词： Citrus chlorotic dwarf-associated virus detection sequence alignments phylogenetic tree analysis

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Cucumber Downy Mildew: Research Progress and Registered Fungicides

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Asian Agricultural Research 2019年第1期11卷 60-67,71页

作者： Yongming CHEN Lili GU Shuangxi LIN Ping WANG Lei DING Shujing WU Wei TANG Yanzhi MAO Yancheng plant protection station Yandu plant protection station Dongtai plant protection station Tinghu plant protection station Xiangshui plant protection station Sheyang plant protection station Jianhu plant protection station Funing Donggou Disease and Pest Forecast station

Downy mildew is an important disease of cucumber,seriously threatening the production of cucumber.This article briefly described the symptoms and pathogen characteristics of cucumber downy mildew,the pathogenesis of the pathogen,plant disease resistance,pathogen drug resistance and integrated prevention and control techniques.In addition,officially registered fungicides,which are used against cucumber downy mildew,were summarized and categorized.We emphatically analyzed the active ingredients and formula combinations of the fungicides for controlling cucumber downy mildew,and the problems of the registered fungicides.The characteristics and control techniques of the newly registered fungicides for controlling cucumber downy mildew in the past two years are introduced.The problems existing in the research of cucumber downy mildew are discussed.Finally,the future research direction is put forward.

关键词： Cucumber downy mildew Research progress Fungicide registration

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Cultivating New Agricultural Operators to Promote the Transformation and Upgrading of Traditional Agriculture——A Case Study of Nanchong City

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Asian Agricultural Research 2019年第2期11卷 26-31,37页

作者： Hui LI Wanqiu WANG Changjia PENG Shipei LI Yong DU Fengrong ZHOU Jielin ZHANG Honghuan XIAO Ya ZHOU Xiangyou CHENG Nanchong Soil and Fertilizer station Nanchong plant protection and Inspection station Nanchong Rural Cooperative Economy Management station Nanchong Organic Agriculture Development Center

In order to provide reference for cultivating new agricultural operators to promote the transformation and upgrading of traditional agriculture,the main practices,achievements and problems of cultivating new agricultural operators to promote the transformation and upgrading of traditional agriculture in Nanchong City,sichuan Province were analyzed firstly,and then some measures were proposed.

关键词： New agricultural operators Cultivation Traditional agriculture Transformation and upgrading Nanchong sichuan

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Molecular Screening of Blast Resistance Genes in Rice Germplasms Resistant to Magnaporthe oryzae

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Rice science 2017年第1期24卷 41-47页

作者： LIANG Yan YAN Bai-yuan PENG Yun-liang JI Zhi-juan ZENG Yu-xiang WU Han-lin YANG Chang-deng State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology China National Rice Research InstituteHangzhou 310006China The Seed Management station of Jiande Jiande 311600China Institute of plant protection Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Southwest ChinaMinistry of AgricultureChengdu 610066China

Molecular screening of major rice blast resistance genes was determined with molecular markers, which showed close-set linkage to 11 major rice blast resistance genes（Pi-d2, Pi-z, Piz-t, Pi-9, Pi-36, Pi-37, Pi5, Pi-b, Pik-p, Pik-h and Pi-ta2）, in a collection of 32 accessions resistant to Magnaporthe oryzae. Out of the 32 accessions, the Pi-d2 and Pi-z appeared to be omnipresent and gave positive express. As the second dominant, Pi-b and Piz-t gene frequencies were 96.9% and 87.5%. And Pik-h and Pik-p gene frequencies were 43.8% and 28.1%, respectively. The molecular marker linkage to Pi-ta2 produced positive bands in eleven accessions, while the molecular marker linkage to Pi-36 and Pi-37 in only three and four accessions, respectively. The natural field evaluation analysis showed that 30 of the 32 accessions were resistant, one was moderately resistant and one was susceptible. Infection types were negatively correlated with the genotype scores of Pi-9, Pi5, Pi-b, Pi-ta2 and Pik-p, although the correlation coefficients were very little. These results are useful in identification and incorporation of functional resistance genes from these germplasms into elite cultivars through marker-assisted selection for improved blast resistance in China and worldwide.

关键词： Screening linkage blast elite eleven genotype susceptible breeding moderately chromosome

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First report of Heterodera zeae and Heterodera elachista in Henan Province of China

First report of Heterodera zeae and Heterodera elachista in ...

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中国植物病理学会2021年学术年会

作者： ZHOU Bo Jiao Yongji LV Yan LU Junfeng CHEN Kunyuan REN Haohao MENG Haoguang JIANG Shijun CUI Jiangkuan College of plant protection Henan Agricultural University plant protection and plant Quarantine station of Henan province Xuchang plant protection and plant Quarantine station

In order to define types and distribution of cyst nematodes in Henan Province,the staple crops were sampled from November 2017 to September 2020.Lots of cyst nematodes were isolated from soil samples of corn fields in Yuzhou City and Huangchuan County by simple floatation method.Morphological identification of cysts isolated from soil samples in Yuzhou and Huangchuan showed that they were similar to Heterodera zeae and Heterodera elachista,respectively.Using the primer TW81/AB28 to amplify cyst nematodesr DNA-ITS sequence,NCBI BLAST alignment analysis found that they had 99% sequence homology with H.zeae（GU145613.1,GU145615.1 and KU922122.1） and H.elachista（MN720080.1,JN864884.1,JN202916.1）.The above results indicate that the population of cyst nematode in Yuzhou City,Henan Province is corn cyst nematode.This is the first discovery of H.zeae and H.elachista in Henan Province.It is of great significance to study the occurrence and distribution of H.zeae and H.elachista in China.

关键词： Heterodera zeae Heterodera elachista morphological identification molecular identification

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Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Technologies of Rice Virus Diseases Spread by Small Brown planthopper (SBPH)

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plant Diseases and Pests 2017年第1期8卷 5-14页

作者： Lv Weidong Chen Yongming Lin Fugen Qiu Guangcan Qiu Xueping Li Ying Zhang Kailang Huang Tingting Binhai plant protection station Binhai 224500 China Yancheng plant protection station Yancheng 224002 China Yandu plant protection station Yandu 224001 China Dongtai plant protection station Dongtai 224100 China Jianhu plant protection station Jianhu 224700 China

Rice stripe virus disease （RSVD） and rice black-streaked dwarf virus disease （RBSDVD） are two epidemic diseases in Yancheng City, Jiangsu Province in the last decade. The authors investigated the disaster regularity, prevention and control technology of RSVD and RBSDVD systematically. The occurrence and virus transmission of SBPH and disaster regularity of virus diseases were studied; the resistance of some rice varieties was cleared; the effects of physical and agricultural measures such as insect net blocking, appropriate late sowing and plowing on controlling occurrence and virus transmission of SBPH were figured out; a hatch of chemical agents were screened, providing efficient and harmless pesticides for effective control against SBPH and prevention against virus diseases. A set of disaster control and mitigation technologies was proposed in this paper, which was practical, sustainable, and easy to operate for the local planting patterns.

关键词： Small brown planthopper （SBPH） Rice stripe virus disease （RSVD） Rice black-streaked dwarf disease （RBSDVD）

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Prevalence Reasons and Monitoring Countermeasures of Scab in Eastern Wheat Area of Jiangsu Province

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plant Diseases and Pests 2016年第2期7卷 1-6页

作者： Chen Yongming Lin Fugen Zhao Yang Huang Tingting Ding Lei Mei Aizhong Cheng Xiaosong Yancheng plant protection station Yancheng 224002 China Xiangshui plant protection station Xiangshui 224600 China Dongtai plant protection station Dongtai 224200 China Yandu plant protection station Yandu 224001 China

With the increasing prevalence frequency and aggravating harm degree in the 21st century, wheat scab had become a recurrent disease in eastern wheat area of Jiangsu Province. This paper reviewed general occurrence situation of wheat scab in eastern Jiangsu, and summarized its occurrence characteristics in last decade. The disease prevalence was elaborated from the aspects of fungal source quantity, chmatic conditions, cultivation modes, variety resistance and pesticide resistance. The author put forward a series of measures and countermeasures, including strengthening resistance monitoring and early warning, promoting and cultivating disease-resistant varieties, compressing planting area of direct seeding rice, canting out chemical control scientifically, and realizing unified prevention and control, in order to provide a scientific basis for the control of wheat scab.

关键词： Wheat scab Prevalence reasons Monitoring countermeasures

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