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Moxibustion of Zusanli(ST36)and Shenshu(BL23)alleviates the inflammation of rheumatoid arthritis in rats through regulating macrophage migration inhibitory factor/glucocorticoids signaling

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Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine 2024年第2期44卷 353-361页

作者： ZHANG Linlin ZHONG Yumei LU Wenting SHANG Yanan GUO Yanding LUO Xiaochao CHEN Yang LUO Kun HU Danhui YU Huiling ZHOU Haiyan Acupuncture and Moxibustion College Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese MedicineChengdu 610075China Department of Painology First People's Hospital of ChengduChengdu 610095China Chinese Evidence-Based Medicine Centre West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengdu 610044China Traditional Chinese Medicine College Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing 400016China External treatment center First People's Hospital of ChengduChengdu 610095China

OBJECTIVE:To test the hypothesis that moxibustion may inhibit rheumatoid arthritis(RA)synovial inflammation by regulating the expression of macrophage migration inhibitory factor(MIF)/glucocorticoids(GCs).METHODS:Fifty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into five groups(n=10 each):blank Control(CON)group,RA Model(RA)group,Moxibustion(MOX)group,MIF inhibitor(S,R)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4,5-dihydro-5-isoxazole acetic acid methyl ester(ISO-1)group,and Moxibustion+MIF inhibitor ISO-1(MOX+ISO-1)group.Rats in the ISO-1 group and ISO-1+MOX group were intraperitoneally injected with the inhibitor ISO-1.The rats in the RA group,ISO-1 group,MOX group,and ISO-1+MOX group were injected with Freund's complete adjuvant(FCA)in the right hind footpad to establish an experimental RA rat model.In the MOX group and MOX+ISO-1 group,rats were treated with Moxa.The thickness of the footpads of the rats in each group was measured at three-time points before,after modeling and after moxibustion treatment.The contents of serum MIF,corticosterone(CORT),tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)and interleukin-1β(IL-1β)were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay;and the contents of synovial MIF were detected by Western blot.Hematoxylin-eosin(HE)staining method was used to observe the pathological changes of synovial tissue under a section light microscope,and pathological scoring was performed according to the grading standard of the degree of synovial tissue disease.RESULTS:Moxibustion was found to reduce the level of MIF and alleviate inflammation in RA rats in this study.In addition,after inhibiting the expression of MIF,the level of CORT increased,and the level of TNF-α decreased.Treating RA rats with inhibited MIF by moxibustion,the level of CORT was almost unchanged,but the level of TNF-α further decreased.The correlation analysis data suggested that MIF was positively related to the expression of TNF-α and negatively correlated with the expression of CORT.CONCLUSION:Reducing MIF to increase CORT and decrease TNF-α by moxibustion

关键词： rheumatoid arthritis macrophage migration inhibitory factor moxibustion corticosterone glucocorticoids

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Rupture segmentation and slip partitioning of the mid-eastern part of the Kunlun Fault,north Tibetan Plateau

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Science China Earth Sciences 2011年第11期54卷 1730-1745页

作者： LI ChenXia XU XiWei WEN XueZe ZHENG RongZhang CHEN GuiHua YANG Hu AN YanFen GAO Xiang Institute of Geology China Earthquake Administration National Center of Active Fault Studies Beijing 100029 China Lanzhou Seismological Institute of China earthquake administration Lanzhou 730000 China earthquake administration of sichuan Province Chengdu 610041 China

The Kunlun Fault,an active fault on the border between the Bayan Har and Kunlun-Qaidam blocks,is one of the major left lateral strike-slip faults in the Tibetan Plateau.Previous research has not reached a consensus on agreeable slip rates along much of its length and the slip rate gradient along the eastern part,both of which play critical roles in a range of models for the eastward extrusion and thickened crust of the Tibetan Plateau.New slip rates have been determined at sites along the eastern part of the Kunlun Fault by dating deposits and measuring atop displaced fluvial terrace risers.Field investigations and interpretation of satellite images reveal geometrical features of the fault and the late Quaternary offset,new earthquake ruptures and surface-rupturing segmentation,from which long-term slip rates and earthquake recurrence intervals on the fault are estimated.The tectonic geomorphology method has determined that the long-term horizontal slip rates on the Tuosuohu,Maqin and Maqu segments from west to east are 11.2±1,9.3±2,and 4.9±1.3 mm/a while their vertical slip rates are 1.2±0.2,0.7±0.1,and 0.3 mm/a in the late Quaternary.Results indicate that the slip rates regularly decrease along the eastern ～300 km of the fault from >10 to <5 mm/a.This is consistent with the decrease in the gradient such that at the slip rate break point is at the triple point intersection with the transverse fault,which in turn is transformed to the Awancang Fault.The vector decomposition for this tectonic transformation shows that the western and eastern branches of the Awancang Fault fit the slip-partitioning mode.The slip rate of the southwestern wall is 4.6 mm/a relative to the northeastern wall and the slip direction is 112.1°.The mid-eastern part of the Kunlun Fault can be divided into three independent segments by the A'nyêmaqên double restraining bend and the Xigongzhou intersection zone,which compose the surface rupture segmentation indicators for themselves as well as the ending point of the 1937 M7.5 Tuosuohu earthqu

关键词：青藏高原北部活动断裂带地震破裂分区模式东昆仑中东部分割地震复发间隔

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RAD-seq data reveals robust phylogeny and morphological evolutionary history of Rhododendron

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Horticultural Plant Journal 2024年第3期10卷 866-878页

作者： Yuanting Shen Gang Yao Yunfei Li Xiaoling Tian Shiming Li Nian Wang Chengjun Zhang Fei Wang Yongpeng Ma Yunnan Key Laboratory for Integrative Conservation of Plant Species with Extremely Small Populations Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesKunmingYunnan 650201China Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesKunmingYunnan 650201China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Beijing Genomics of Institute ShenzhenGuangdong 518120China Guiyang Institute of Humanities and Technology GuiyangGuizhou 550025China State Forestry and Grassland administration Key Laboratory of Silviculture in Downstream Areas of the Yellow River College of ForestryShandong Agricultural UniversityTai'anShandong 271018China The Southwest China of Germplasm Bank of Wild Species Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesKunmingYunnan 650201China West China Subalpine Botanical Garden Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesChengduSichuan 611834China

Rhododendron is famous for its high ornamental value.However,the genus is taxonomically difficult and the relationships within Rhododendron remain unresolved.In addition,the origin of key morphological characters with high horticulture value need to be explored.Both problems largely hinder utilization of germplasm resources.Most studies attempted to disentangle the phylogeny of Rhododendron,but only used a few genomic markers and lacked large-scale sampling,resulting in low clade support and contradictory phylogenetic signals.Here,we used restriction-site associated DNA sequencing(RAD-seq)data and morphological traits for 144 species of Rhododendron,representing all subgenera and most sections and subsections of this species-rich genus,to decipher its intricate evolutionary history and reconstruct ancestral state.Our results revealed high resolutions at subgenera and section levels of Rhododendron based on RAD-seq data.Both optimal phylogenetic tree and split tree recovered five lineages among Rhododendron.Subg.Therorhodion(cladeⅠ)formed the basal lineage.Subg.Tsutsusi and Azaleastrum formed cladeⅡand had sister relationships.CladeⅢincluded all scaly rhododendron species.Subg.Pentanthera(cladeⅣ)formed a sister group to Subg.Hymenanthes(cladeⅤ).The results of ancestral state reconstruction showed that Rhododendron ancestor was a deciduous woody plant with terminal inflorescence,ten stamens,leaf blade without scales and broadly funnelform corolla with pink or purple color.This study shows significant distinguishability to resolve the evolutionary history of Rhododendron based on high clade support of phylogenetic tree constructed by RAD-seq data.It also provides an example to resolve discordant signals in phylogenetic trees and demonstrates the application feasibility of RAD-seq with large amounts of missing data in deciphering intricate evolutionary relationships.Additionally,the reconstructed ancestral state of six important characters provides insights into the innovation of key characters in Rhododendron.

关键词： Rhododendron RAD-seq Missing data Quartet sampling(QS) Ancestral state reconstruction

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Joint Inversion of the 3D P Wave Velocity Structure of the Crust and Upper Mantle under the Southeastern Margin of the Tibetan Plateau Using Regional earthquake and Teleseismic Data

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2018年第1期92卷 16-33页

作者： LI Dahu LIAO Hua DING Zhifeng ZHAN Yan WU Pingping XU Xiaoming ZHENG Chen earthquake administration of sichuan Province Chengdu 610041 China Institute of Geophysics China Earthquake Administration Beijing 100081 China Institute of Geology China Earthquake Administration Beijing 100029 China Institute of Disaster Prevention Yanjiao Hebei 056201 China

The special seismic tectonic environment and frequent seismicity in the southeastern margin of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau show that this area is an ideal location to study the present tectonic movement and background of strong earthquakes in China's Mainland and to predict future strong earthquake risk zones. Studies of the structural environment and physical characteristics of the deep structure in this area are helpful to explore deep dynamic effects and deformation field characteristics, to strengthen our understanding of the roles of anisotropy and tectonic deformation and to study the deep tectonic background of the seismic origin of the block＇s interior. In this paper, the three-dimensional （3D） P-wave velocity structure of the crust and upper mantle under the southeastern margin of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is obtained via observational data from 224 permanent seismic stations in the regional digital seismic network of Yunnan and sichuan Provinces and from 356 mobile China seismic arrays in the southern section of the north-south seismic belt using a joint inversion method of the regional earthquake and teleseismic data. The results indicate that the spatial distribution of the P-wave velocity anomalies in the shallow upper crust is closely related to the surface geological structure, terrain and lithology. Baoxing and Kangding, with their basic volcanic rocks and volcanic clastic rocks, present obvious high-velocity anomalies. The Chengdu Basin shows low-velocity anomalies associated with the Quaternary sediments. The Xichang Mesozoic Basin and the Butuo Basin are characterised by low- velocity anomalies related to very thick sedimentary layers. The upper and middle crust beneath the Chuan-Dian and Songpan-Ganzi Blocks has apparent lateral heterogeneities, including low-velocity zones of different sizes. There is a large range of low-velocity layers in the Songpan-Ganzi Block and the sub-block northwest of sichuan Province, showing that the middle and lower crust is relatively weak. The sichuan Basin, whic

关键词： 3D P-wave velocity structure China seismic array detection Panxi region Chuan-DianBlock Daliangshan Block southeastern margin of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

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Near-field surface movement during the Wenchuan M_s8.0 earthquake measured by high-rate GPS

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2010年第23期55卷 2529-2534页

作者： YIN HaiTao ZHANG PeiZhen GAN WeiJun WANG Min LIAO Hua LI XiaoJun LI Jie XIAO GenRu State Key Laboratory of earthquake Dynamics Institute of Geology China Earthquake Administration Beijing 100029 China earthquake administration of Shandong Province Jinan 250014 China earthquake administration of sichuan Province Chengdu 610041 China Institute of Engineering Mechanics China Earthquake Administration Beijing 100080 China

Based on high-rate (1 Hz) GPS data from the sichuan GPS Continuous Observation Network on the footwall of the Longmenshan Fault, we have characterized the near-field surface movement process during the 5.12 Wenchuan earthquake. Results show that the maximum deformation near the fault is larger than the deformation set. Stations on the northern segment of the fault moved towards the epicenter first, and then turned toward the vertical orientation of the fault. Deformation of stations on the southern segment is smaller and recovered. The initial motion at all of the stations was downward followed by periodic up and down movements. Comparing the displacement from high-rate GPS and accelerograph data, we can see that they are consistent prior to the arrival of the principal shock, but afterwards a 10 cm difference is found, even though they are synchronized and in phase. More work is yet to be done to explain this. This is the first time that actual the real near-field surface movements of an earth- quake of M >7.0 have been determined in china. These measurements are therefore of high value for studies of surface rupture processes and the analysis of seismic wave travels paths in this region.

关键词： GPS测量地表运动大地震近场汶川高速率龙门山断裂带地表移动过程

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Assessing current faulting behaviors and seismic risk of the Anninghe-Zemuhe fault zone from seismicity parameters

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地震学报 2004年第3期26卷 294-303页

作者：易桂喜闻学泽范军王思维 Chengdu University of Technology earthquake administration of sichuan Province Chengdu 610041 China

Using the data of regional seismic network, this paper analyzes the current faulting behaviors of different segments of the Anninghe-Zemuhe fault zone, western sichuan, and identifies the likely risky segments for potential large earthquakes. The authors map the probable asperities from the abnormally low b-value distribution, develop and employ a method for identifying current faulting behaviors of individual fault segment from the combinations of multiple seismicity parameter values, and make an effort to estimate the average recurrence intervals of character-istic earthquakes by using the parameters of magnitude-frequency relationship of the asperity segment. The result suggests that the studied fault zone contains 5 segments of different current faulting behaviors. Among them, the Mianning-Xichang segment of the Anninghe fault has been locked under high stress, its central part is probably an asperity with a relatively large scale. The Xichang-Puge segment of the Zemuhe fault displays very low seismicity under low stress. Both the locked segment and the low-seismicity segment can be outlined on the across-profile of relocated hypocenter depths. The Mianning-Xichang segment is identified to be the one with potential large earth-quake risk, for which the average recurrence interval between the latest M = 6.7 earthquake in 1952 and the next characteristic event is estimated to be 55 to 67 years, and the magnitude of the potential earthquake between 7.0 and 7.5. Also, it has been preliminarily suggested that for a certain fault segment, its faulting behaviors may change and evolve with time gradually.

关键词：地震活动参数断裂活动习性凹凸体潜在地震危险性安宁河—则木河断裂带

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Relationships between ground motion parameters and landslides induced by Wenchuan earthquake

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earthquake Science 2010年第3期23卷 233-242页

作者： Xiuying Wang Gaozhong Nie Dengwei Wang Institute of Crustal Dynamics China Earthquake Administration Beijing 100085 China Institute of Geology China Earthquake Administration Beijing 100029 China Xichang Seismic Station Earthquake Administration of Sichuan Province Xichang 615022 China

The MS8.0 Wenchuan earthquake induced severe landslide hazards.For the first time in China,large numbers of strong motion records were obtained during the Wenchuan earthquake,providing the opportunity to study the relationships between ground-motion parameters and the earthquake-induced landslides.Nearly 40 groups of records from the main shock distributed along the Longmenshan fault lines were used to carry out this study.The results appropriate to the Longmenshan area are as follows：1 The threshold of the peak ground acceleration（PGA） is about 0.7 m/s2.When the PGA reaches 2 m/s2,the landslide hazards are very serious; 2 The threshold of the peak ground velocity（PGV） is about 0.5 m/s.When the PGV reaches 1.5 m/s,severe landslide hazards will be induced; 3 The threshold for the Arias intensity（Ia） is about 0.2 m/s.When the Ia in one horizontal direction reaches 2 m/s,landslide hazards will be very serious; 4 As for the relevance order of the parameters to earthquake-induced landslides,Ia is the leading parameter,followed by PGV,and finally PGA.The results presented in this paper are consistent with the results from other studies,indicating that the threshold of the ground motion parameters for strong earthquakes is of the same order of magnitude as that of moderate earthquakes.Landslide density of local sites fluctuated with the increase of ground motion intensity if the thresholds were reached.When the upper limits are exceeded,the landslide density remains at a certain level with relatively little variation.

关键词： Wenchuan earthquake earthquake-induced landslide peak ground acceleration peak ground velocity Arias intensity

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Quantitative analysis on tectonic deformation of active rupture zones

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Acta Seismologica Sinica(English Edition) 2005年第6期18卷 656-665页

作者：江在森牛安福王敏黎凯武方颖张希张晓亮 Institute of earthquake Science China Earthquake Administration Beijing 100036 China China earthquake Networks Center China Earthquake Administration Beijing 100036 China Second Crust Monitoring and Application Center China Earthquake Administration Xi'an 710054 China

Based on the regional GPS data of high spatial resolution, we present a method of quantitative analysis on the tectonic deformation of active rupture zones in order to predict the location of forthcoming major earthquakes. Firstly we divide the main fault area into certain deformation units, then derive the geometric deformation and relative dislocation parameters of each unit and finally estimate quantitatively the slip and strain rates in each segment of the rupture zone. Furthermore, by comparing the consistency of deformation in all segments of the whole rupture zone, we can determine the possible anomalous segments as well as their properties and amplitudes. In analyzing the eastern boundaries of sichuan-Yunnan block with the GPS velocity data for the period of 1991-2001, we have discovered that the Mianning-Ningnan-Dongchuan segment on the Zemuhe-Xiaojiang fault zone is relatively locked and the left-lateral shear strain rate here is higher.

关键词： active rupture zone tectonic deformation GPS prediction of strong earthquake location

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Relocation of the 2008 Panzhihua M_S6.1 earthquake Sequence

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earthquake Research in China 2015年第3期29卷 363-372页

作者： Fu Ying Long Feng earthquake administration of sichuan Province

The Panzhihua MS6. 1 earthquake sequence on August 30,2008 was relocated using the Hypo2000 + Hypo DD algorithm with the seismic phase data from the sichuan and Yunnan regional digital seismic networks,and the results show that the epicenters are distributed in the near NS direction,the length of aftershock concentration zone is about 30 km,and the main shock is about 14 km in depth. The depth of the sequence is distributed in the range of 0- 4km and 5- 20 km,and the layer of 4- 5km depth is an apparent earthquake absence layer. The cross-section along the fractures long axis shows there is an irregular seismic gap in the middle segment of the aftershock region,which is the rupture region of the M6 3/4 earthquake in 1955,and this earthquake occurred in the south of the gap. We believe that the Panzhihua MS6. 1 earthquake sequence on August 30,2008 was a result of rupture of the residual asperity caused by the stress adjustment of the Wenchuan MS8. 0 earthquake. The other two profiles perpendicular to the long axis show that the focal depth in the north segment is larger and the fault plane dips NW,which is consistent with the dip of the Hongge fault.

关键词：地震序列攀枝花区域数字地震台网震中分布深度分布地震发生应力调整震源深度

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GPS-constrained inversion of present-day slip rates along major faults of the sichuan-Yunnan region, China

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Science China Earth Sciences 2008年第9期51卷 1267-1283页

作者： WANG YanZhao WANG EnNing SHEN ZhengKang WANG Min GAN WeiJun QIAO XueJun MENG GuoJie LI TieMing TAO Wei YANG YongLin CHENG Jia LI Peng State Key Laboratory of earthquake Dynamics Institute of GeologyChina Earthquake AdministrationBeijing 100029China School of Earth and Space Sciences University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China Institute of earthquake Science China Earthquake AdministrationBeijing 100036China Institute of Seismology China Earthquake AdministrationWuhan 430071China Survey Engineering Institute of earthquake administration of sichuan Province Ya’an 625000China

A linked-fault-element model is employed to invert for contemporary slip rates along major active faults in the sichuan-Yunnan region (96°-108°E, 21°-35°N) using the least squares method. The model is based on known fault geometry, and constrained by a GPS-derived horizontal velocity field. Our results support a model attributing the eastward extrusion of the Tibetan Plateau driven mainly by the north-northeastward indentation of the Indian plate into Tibet and the gravitational collapse of the plateau. Resisted by a relatively stable south China block, materials of the sichuan-Yunnan region rotate clockwise around the eastern Himalayan tectonic syntaxis. During the process the Garzê-Yushu, Xianshuihe, Anninghe, Zemuhe, Daliangshan, and Xiaojiang faults, the southwest extension of the Xiaojiang fault, and the Daluo-Jinghong and Mae Chan faults constitute the northeast and east boundaries of the eastward extrusion, with their left slip rates being 0.3-14.7, 8.9-17.1, 5.1 ± 2.5, 2.8 ± 2.3, 7.1 ± 2.1, 9.4 ± 1.2, 10.1 ± 2.0, 7.3 ± 2.6, and 4.9 ± 3.0 mm/a respectively. The southwestern boundary consists of a widely distributed dextral transpressional zone other than a single fault. Right slip rates of 4.2 ± 1.3, 4.3 ± 1.1, and 8.5 ± 1.7 mm/a are detected across the Nanhua-Chuxiong-Jianshui, Wuliangshan, and Longling-Lancang faults. Crustal deformation across the Longmenshan fault is weak, with short-ening rates of 1.4 ± 1.0 and 1.6 ± 1.3 mm/a across the Baoxing-Beichuan and Beichuan-Qingchuan segments. Northwest of the Longmenshan fault lies an active deformation zone (the Longriba fault) with 5.1±1.2 mm/a right slip across. Relatively large slip rates are detected across a few faults within the sichuan-Yunnan block: 4.4±1.3 mm/a left slip and 2.7±1.1 mm/a shortening across the Litang fault, and 2.7±2.3 mm/a right-lateral shearing and 6.7±2.3 mm/a shortening across the Yunongxi fault and its surrounding regions. In conclusion, we find that the sichuan-Yunnan region is divided into more than a dozen active micro-blocks

关键词： sichuan-Yunnan region GPS linked-fault-element slip rate

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