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Dietary curcumin alleviates intestinal damage induced by ochratoxin A in juvenile grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella): Necroptosis and inflammatory responses

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ANIMAL NUTRITION 2024年第3期18卷 119-132页

作者： Zhao, Piao Jiang, Wei-Dan Wu, Pei Liu, Yang Ren, Hong-Mei Jin, Xiao-Wan Feng, Lin Zhou, Xiao-Qiu sichuan agr univ Anim Nutr Inst Chengdu 611130 Sichuan Peoples R China sichuan agr univ Fish Nutr & Safety Prod Univ Key Lab Sichuan Prov Chengdu 611130 Sichuan Peoples R China Minist agr & Rural Affairs Minist Educ Key Lab Anim Dis Resistance Nutr Key Lab Sichuan Prov Beijing 611130 Sichuan Peoples R China

Ochratoxin A (OTA) is one of the most common pollutants in aquatic feed. As a first line of defense, intestinal barriers could be utilized against OTA in order to prevent disorders. Natural product supplementation is one of the most popular strategies to alleviate toxicity induced by mycotoxins, but there is a lack of knowledge about how it functions in the teleost intestine. In this study, 720 juvenile grass carp of about 11 g were selected and four treatment groups (control group, OTA group, curcumin [Cur] group, and OTA + Cur group) were set up to conduct a 60-day growth test. After the test, the growth performance and intestinal health related indexes of grass carp were investigated. The addition of dietary Cur could have the following main results: (1) inhibit absorption and promote efflux transporters mRNA expression, reducing the residuals of OTA, (2) decrease oxidative stress by reducing oxidative damage and enhancing the expression of antioxidant enzymes, (3) promote mitochondrial fusion proteins to inhibit the expression of mitotic proteins and mitochondrial autophagy proteins and enhance mitochondrial function, (4) reduce necroptosis-related gene expression through inhibiting the tumor necrotic factor receptor-interacting protein kinase/mixed lineage kinase domain-like pathway, (5) reduce the expression of pro-inflammatory factors by inhibiting the Toll-like receptor 4/nuclear factor-kappa B signaling pathway to alleviate the intestinal inflammatory response. In summary, the results suggested that Cur could alleviate OTA-induced intestinal damage by enhancing antioxidant capacity and mitochondrial function as well as reducing necroptosis and inflammation in the grass carp intestine. This study provided a theoretical basis and production implications for dietary Cur that could improve growth performance and alleviate the intestinal damage induced by OTA in fish. (c) 2024 The Authors. Publishing services by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of KeAi Communications Co.

关键词： Curcumin Ochratoxin A Grass carp growth performance Mid-intestine mitochondria function Necroptosis NF-KAPPA-B GROWTH-PERFORMANCE FISH METABOLISM TOXICITY EXPOSURE IMMUNITY MODEL

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Establishing the link between D-mannose and juvenile grass carp ( Ctenopharyngodon idella): ): Improved growth and intestinal structure associated with endoplasmic reticulum stress, mitophagy, and apical junctional complexes

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ANIMAL NUTRITION 2024年第3期18卷 450-463页

作者： Zhang, Chong Feng, Lin Wu, Pei Liu, Yang Jin, Xiaowan Ren, Hongmei Li, Hua Wu, Fali Zhou, Xiaoqiu Jiang, Weidan sichuan agr univ Anim Nutr Inst Chengdu 611130 Peoples R China sichuan agr univ Univ Key Lab Sichuan Prov Fish Nutr & Safety Prod Chengdu 611130 Peoples R China Minist agr & Rural Affairs Minist Educ Key Lab Anim Dis Resistance Nutr Key Lab Sichuan Prov Chengdu 611130 Peoples R China

D-mannose, essential for protein glycosylation, has been reported to have immunomodulatory effects and to maintain intestinal flora homeostasis. In addition to evaluating growth performance, we examined the impact of D-mannose on the structure of epithelial cells and apical junction complexes in the animal intestine. All 1800 grass carp (16.20 +/- 0.01 g) were randomly divided into six treatments with six replicates of 50 fish each and fed with six different levels of D-mannose (0.52, 1.75, 3.02, 4.28, 5.50 and 6.78 g/kg diet) for 70 d. The study revealed that D-mannose increased feed intake (P P 0.05). Dmannose supplementation at 1.75 g/kg increased crude protein content in fish and lipid production value (P P < 0.05). D-mannose supplementation at 4.28 g/kg increased intestinal length, intestinal weight and fold height of grass carp compared to the control group (P P < 0.05). This improvement may be attributed to the phosphomannose isomerase (PMI)-mediated enhancement of glycolysis. This study found that Dmannose supplementation at 4.28 or 3.02 g/kg reduced serum diamine oxidase activity or D-lactate content (P P < 0.05) and improved cellular and intercellular structures for the first time. The improvement of cellular redox homeostasis involves alleviating endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress through the inositolrequiring enzyme 1 (IRE1), RNA-dependent protein kinase-like ER kinase (PERK), and activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6) signaling pathways. The alleviation of ER stress may be linked to the phosphomannomutase (PMM)-mediated enhancement of protein glycosylation. In addition, ubiquitindependent [PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1)/Parkin] and ubiquitin-independent [BCL2interacting protein 3-like (BNIP3L), BCL2-interacting protein 3 (BNIP3), and FUN14 domain containing 1 (FUNDC1)] mitophagy may play a role in maintaining cellular redox homeostas

关键词： Grass carp ( Ctenopharyngodon idella ) D-mannose Intestine structure Endoplasmic reticulum stress Mitophagy Apical junctional complex NF-KAPPA-B ANTIOXIDANT STATUS OXIDATIVE STRESS PHYSICAL BARRIER TIGHT JUNCTIONS GRADED-LEVELS HOMEOSTASIS APOPTOSIS NRF2 MITOCHONDRIAL

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Dietary copper improves intestinal structural integrity in juvenile grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) probably related to its increased intestinal antioxidant capacity and apical junction complex

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ANIMAL NUTRITION 2024年第3期18卷 96-106页

作者： Ma, Rui Feng, Lin Wu, Pei Liu, Yang Ren, Hong-Mei Jin, Xiao-Wan Li, Shu-Wei Tang, Ling Zhou, Xiao-Qiu Jiang, Wei-Dan sichuan agr univ Anim Nutr Inst Chengdu 611130 Peoples R China sichuan agr univ Fish Nutr & Safety Prod Univ Key Lab Sichuan Prov Chengdu 611130 Peoples R China Minist agr & Rural Affairs Minist Educ Key Lab Anim Dis Resistance Nutr Key Lab Sichuan Prov Chengdu 611130 Peoples R China sichuan Animtech Feed Co Ltd Anim Nutr Inst Sichuan Acad Anim Sci Chengdu 610066 Peoples R China

This research evaluated the effects of copper (Cu) on intestinal antioxidant capacity and apical junctional complex (AJC) in juvenile grass carp. A total of 1080 healthy juvenile grass carp (11.16 +/- 0.01 g) were fed six diets including different dosages of Cu, namely 0, 2, 4, 6, 8 mg/kg (Cu citrate [CuCit] as Cu source) and 3 mg/kg (CuSO4 center dot 5H(2)O as Cu source). The trial lasted for 9 weeks. The findings revealed that dietary optimal Cu supplementation (2.2 to 4.1 mg/kg) promoted intestinal growth, including intestinal length, intestinal length index, intestinal weight, and intestinal somatic index (P 0.05). On the other hand, optimal Cu increased intestinal tight junction (TJ) proteins (except for claudin 15b) and adherens junction (AJ) proteins (E-cadherin, alpha-catenin, beta-catenin, nectin and afadin) mRNA levels (P < 0.05), which could be connected to the signaling pathway formed by the Ras homolog gene family, member A (RhoA), Rho-associated kinase (ROCK), and myosin light chain kinase (MLCK). Finally, based on serum indicator D-lactate and intestinal oxidative damage index (ROS), Cu requirement (CuCit as Cu source) for juvenile grass carp from initial weight to final weight (from 11 to 173 g) was determined to be 4.14 and 4.12 mg/kg diet, respectively. This work may provide a theoretical foundation for identifying putative Cu regulation pathways on fish intestinal he

关键词： Copper Ctenopharyngodon idella Structural integrity Intestine NF-KAPPA-B GROWTH-PERFORMANCE ENZYME-ACTIVITIES DIAMINE OXIDASE IMMUNE FUNCTION DEFICIENCY SUPPLEMENTATION REQUIREMENT NRF2 PHOSPHORUS

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Aflatoxin B1 decreased flesh flavor and inhibited muscle development in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella)

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ANIMAL NUTRITION 2024年第3期18卷 27-38页

作者： He, Xiang-Ning Zeng, Zhen-Zhen Jiang, Wei-Dan Wu, Pei Liu, Yang Kuang, Sheng-Yao Tang, Ling Li, Shu-Wei Feng, Lin Zhou, Xiao-Qiu sichuan agr univ Anim Nutr Inst Chengdu 611130 Peoples R China sichuan agr univ Fish Nutr & Safety Prod Univ Key Lab Sichuan Prov Chengdu 611130 Peoples R China Minist agr & Rural Affairs Minist Educ Key Lab Anim Dis Resistance Nutr Key Lab Sichuan Prov Chengdu 611130 Peoples R China sichuan Acad Anim Sci Anim Nutr Inst Chengdu 610066 Peoples R China

In nature, aflatoxins, especially aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), are the common mycotoxins, which cause serious health problems for humans and animals. This paper aimed to study the effects of AFB1 on flesh flavor and muscle development of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) and its mechanism. There were 1440 individual fish in total, with 6 treatments and each treatment replicated 3 times. The 6 treatments were fed a control diet with different doses of AFB1 (0.04, 29.48, 58.66, 85.94, 110.43 and 146.92 mu g/kg diet) for 60 d. AFB1 increased myofiber diameter, as well as decreased myofiber density of grass carp muscle (P < 0.05). The contents of free amino acid decreased gradually (P < 0.05) as dietary AFB1 increased in the muscle of grass carp. The levels of reactive oxygen species, malonaldehyde and protein carbonyl (PC) were increased (P < 0.05) with the dietary AFB1 increased. The levels of antioxidant enzyme (glutathione peroxidase, glutathione, glutathione reductase, total antioxidant capacity, anti-superoxide anion, and anti-hydroxyl radical) were decreased (P < 0.05) with the dietary AFB1 increased. In addition, dietary AFB1 decreased the content of collagen, and downregulated the mRNA and protein levels of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta)/Smads signaling pathway in grass carp muscle (P < 0.05). The mRNA and protein levels of myogenic regulatory factors were downregulated in grass carp muscle (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the activities of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) were increased (P < 0.05), and the protein levels of phosphorylate-38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p-p38MAPK), phosphorylate-c-Jun N-terminal kinase, urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA), MMP-2 and MMP-9 were upregulated (P < 0.05), but collagen I, laminin beta 1 and fibronectin were downregulated (P < 0.05) with the dietary AFB1 increased in the muscle of grass carp. Based on the results of this study, we can draw the following conclusion: d

关键词： Aflatoxin B1 Flesh flavor Muscle development Grass carp PLASMINOGEN-ACTIVATOR ANTIOXIDANT CAPACITY MYOBLAST CELLS AMINO-ACID EXPRESSION RECEPTOR GROWTH SUPPLEMENTATION METABOLISM MECHANISMS

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Artificial parasin I protein (API) supplementation improves growth performance and intestinal health in weaned piglets challenged with enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli

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ANIMAL NUTRITION 2024年第3期18卷 154-165页

作者： Zou, Congzhi Zhao, Wanxin Yin, Shenggang Xiang, Xiaoyu Tang, Jiayong Jia, Gang Che, Lianqiang Liu, Guangmang Chen, Xiaoling Tian, Gang Cai, Jingyi Kang, Bo Zhao, Hua sichuan agr univ Anim Nutr Inst Key Lab Anim Dis Resistance Nutr Minist Agr & Rura Key Lab Anim Dis Resistance NutrMinist EducKey L Chengdu 611130 Peoples R China sichuan agr univ Coll Anim Sci & Technol Chengdu 611130 Peoples R China

Diarrheas are common risks faced by piglets during the weaning period. This study investigated the alleviating effects of artificial parasin I protein (API) on growth performance and intestinal health of weaned pigs upon enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) challenge. Sixty piglets were randomly divided into five groups and fed a basal diet (CON) or basal diet supplemented with API at 0, 750, and 1500 mg/kg or antibiotics for 5 weeks. On d 15 and 25, piglets were challenged with ETEC K88 except for the CON group. Before the ETEC challenge (d 1-14), dietary API supplementation improved growth performance, and 750 mg API increased (P < 0.05) the average daily gain (ADG), decreased (P < 0.05) feed to gain ratio (F/G) and diarrhea index of weaned piglets. ETEC challenge (during d 15-35) reduced growth performance and increased (P < 0.01) the F/G, diarrhea rate, and diarrhea index. This event was accompanied by the numerically increased malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in serum and ileum, the decreased (P < 0.05) zonula-occludens-1 (ZO-1) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in the ileum, and the increased (P 1/4 0.04) secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) protein in the ileum. Artificial parasin I protein supplementation alleviated the negative impact of ETEC. The 750 mg/kg API inclusion elevated (P < 0.05) ADG and decreased (P < 0.05) F/G. Two levels of API decreased (P < 0.01) the diarrhea rate and diarrhea index. Meanwhile, API inclusion decreased (P < 0.01) the crypt depth in the jejunum, elevated (P < 0.05) villus height in the duodenum and villus height to crypt depth ratio in the duodenum and ileum, up-regulated (P < 0.05) ZO-1 gene, and down-regulated (P < 0.05) mucin-2 gene in the jejunum, and 1500 mg/kg API decreased (P < 0.01) sIgA level and down-regulated (P < 0.05) IL-1b gene in the ileum. Furthermore, 750 mg/kg API elevated (P < 0.01) Bifidobacteria population and acetic acid concentrations in the cecal chyme. In conclusion, API supplementation alleviates the negative impa

关键词： Artificial parasin I protein Growth performance Intestinal barrier Diarrhea Weaned piglet IMMUNOGLOBULIN-A ANTIBODIES TIGHT JUNCTION PROTEINS MICROBIAL-POPULATIONS BARRIER FUNCTION HISTONE H2A FATTY-ACID SYSTEM INFLAMMATION HOMEOSTASIS MORPHOLOGY

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Secondary bile acids are associated with body lipid accumulation in obese pigs

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ANIMAL NUTRITION 2024年第3期18卷 246-256页

作者： Hu, Yaolian Wu, Aimin Yan, Hui Pu, Junning Luo, Junqiu Zheng, Ping Luo, Yuheng Yu, Jie He, Jun Yu, Bing Chen, Daiwen sichuan agr univ Anim Nutr Inst Key Lab Anim Dis Resistant Nutr Minist Educ Yaan 625014 Peoples R China

The aim of this study was to investigate the reasons for the differences in lipid accumulation between lean and obese pigs. The bile acids with varying levels within two types of pigs were found and then in vitro experiments were conducted to identify whether these bile acids can directly affect lipid accumulation. Fourteen pigs, including seven lean and seven obese pigs with body weights of approximately 80 kg, were fed the same diet at an amount approximately equivalent to 3% of their respective body weights daily for 42 d. In vitro, 3T3-L1 preadipocytes were cultured in medium with high glucose levels and were differentiated into mature adipocytes using differentiation medium. Then, bile acids were added to mature adipocytes for 4 d. The results showed that there was a difference in body lipids levels and gut microbiota composition between obese and lean pigs (P < 0.05). According to the results of gut microbial function prediction, the bile acid biosynthesis in colonic digesta of obese pigs were different from that in lean pig. Sixty-five bile acids were further screened by metabolomics, of which 4 were upregulated (P < 0.05) and 2 were downregulated (P < 0.05) in obese pigs compared to lean pigs. The results of the correlation analysis demonstrated that chenodeoxycholic acid-3-b-D-glucuronide b- D-glucuronide (CDCA-3Gln) and a- muricholic acid (a a- MCA) had a negative correlation with abdominal fat weight and abdominal fat rate, while isoallolithocholic acid (IALCA) was positively associated with crude fat in the liver and abdominal fat rate. There was a positive correlation between loin muscle area and CDCA-3Gln and a- MCA (P P < 0.05), however, IALCA and 3-oxodeoxycholic acid (3-oxo-DCA) were negatively associated with loin eye muscle area (P < 0.05). Isoallolithocholic acid increased the gene expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma ( PPARG ) and the number of lipid droplets (P < 0.05), promoting the lipid storage when IALCA was added

关键词： Lean or obese pig Lipid accumulation Bile acid profile Gut microbiota DIET-INDUCED OBESITY GUT MICROBIOTA ADIPOSE-TISSUE PPAR-GAMMA METABOLISM QUALITY PERFORMANCE EXPRESSION RECEPTOR CARCASS

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Effects of water extract from Cornus controversa on the expression levels of DiSOC1-b and DiCCoAOMT1 genes related with the growth of dove tree seedlings

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JOURNAL OF PLANT ECOLOGY 2024年第2期17卷 62-73页

作者： Chen, Xiaoyan Liang, Zhengchuan Long, Yun Pan, Jihong Dong, Tingfa Liu, Qinsong Xu, Xiao China West Normal univ Coll Life Sci Nanchong 637009 Sichuan Peoples R China China West Normal univ Key Lab Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conserv Minist Educ Nanchong 637009 Sichuan Peoples R China Acad agr Sci Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture Xichang 615000 Sichuan Peoples R China

Although characterization of plant interactions has become a research hotspot to assess the adaptability of endangered plants, the underlying molecular basis remains elusive. Dove tree (Davidia involucrata) seedlings were watered with distilled water (CK), leaf water extract (0.025 g mL-1) and branch water extract (0.1 g mL-1) from Cornus controversa, respectively. Subsequently, the morphology, biomass and gene expression levels of DiSOC1-b and DiCCoAOMT1 were analyzed. The results showed that morphological traits and biomass accumulation of D. involucrata seedlings were decreased by the addition of leaf water extracts, and increased by branch water extracts. Moreover, the gene expression level of DiSOC1-b was significantly down-regulated, while the gene expression level of DiCCoAOMT1 was significantly up-regulated in the stems and roots of D. involucrata upon treatment with leaf water extracts of C. controversa. In contrast, the gene expression level of DiSOC1-b was significantly up-regulated in the leaves and stems, while the gene expression level of DiCCoAOMT1 was significantly down-regulated in the roots of D. involucrata upon treatment with branch water extracts of C. controversa. In addition, the expression level of DiSOC1-b was positively correlated with most of morphological traits and total biomass (P < 0.05), while DiCCoAOMT1 was negatively correlated with the majority of morphological traits in D. involucrata seedlings (P < 0.05). Taken together, these results suggest that water extracts from the leaves and branches of the C. controversa exhibit opposite allelopathic effects and affect the expression levels of genes related to growth (DiSOC1-b) and environmental adaptability (DiCCoAOMT1) in D. involucrata seedlings.

关键词： allelopathy Davidia involucratax DiCCoAOMT1 DiSOC1-b water extract DAVIDIA-INVOLUCRATA ALLELOPATHY CLONING CCOAOMT SOC1 ROOT LEAF

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Characterization of serum proteomic and inflammatory profiling at early stage of iron deficiency in weaned piglets

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ANIMAL NUTRITION 2024年第3期18卷 380-389页

作者： Liu, Guang Li, Lan Liu, Shuan Dong, Zhenglin Zhou, Jian Gong, Chengyan Yin, Yulong Tang, Wenjie Wan, Dan Chinese Acad Sci Inst Subtrop Agr Lab Anim Nutr Physiol & Metab Proc Key Lab Agroecol Proc Subtrop Reg Changsha 410125 Peoples R China Huazhong agr univ Coll Anim Sci & Technol Hubei Hongshan Lab Wuhan 430070 Peoples R China Beijing Dabeinong Technol Grp Co Ltd Beijing 100080 Peoples R China univ Chinese Acad Sci Beijing 101408 Peoples R China sichuan Anim Sci Acad Anim Breeding & Genet Key Lab Sichuan Prov Chengdu 610066 Peoples R China sichuan Animtech Feed Co Ltd Livestock & Poultry Biol Prod Key Lab Sichuan Prov Chengdu 610066 Peoples R China

The objective of this study was to examine the early serum proteomic and inflammatory profiles of weaned piglets subjected to iron deficiency. Twelve healthy piglets (Duroc x Landrace x Large Yorkshire, body weight: 4.96 +/- 0.05 kg) were weaned at 21 days of age. Subsequently, these animals were randomly allocated to one of two groups, with six replicates in each group (maintaining a male-to-female ratio of 1:1), the control group (administered 100 mg/kg Fe as FeSO4$H2O) and L-Fe group (no additional Fe supplementation). The results showed that 42 days after initiating, compared with control group, routine blood analysis revealed a reduction in serum iron content, red blood cell (RBC) count, hemoglobin (HGB) content, hematocrit (HCT), and mean corpuscular volume (MCV) (P 0.05). During the early stages of iron deficiency, piglets exhibited increased villus height (VH) and the ratio of VH to crypt depth (CD) in the duodenum (P < 0.05) and increased expression levels of iron transporters, including duodenal cytochrome (Cybrd), divalent metal transport 1 (DMT1), and ferritin light chain (FTL) (P < 0.05). Subsequently, isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) were used to identify serum proteins. Gene Ontology (GO) analysis of the differentially abundant proteins (DAP) revealed that 24 of the 30 DAP were involved in platelet function, immune response, cellular metabolism, transcription, and protein synthesis. Notably, prothrombin, asporin (ASPN), and Rac family small GTPase 3 (RAC3) expression was induced, whereas glycoprotein Ib platelet subunit alpha (GPIbA) expression was decreased. This

关键词： Piglet Iron deficiency Proteomics Inflammatory Cytokine Immune response DIETARY IRON GLYCINE CHELATE ANEMIA SUPPLEMENTATION EXPRESSION HEPCIDIN IMMUNE GROWTH TRANSPORTERS PERFORMANCE

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