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Impact of air drought on photosynthesis efficiency of the siberian crabapple(Malus baccata L. Borkh.) in the forest-steppe zone of Transbaikalia, Russia

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Journal of Arid Land 2019年第2期11卷 255-266页

作者： Alexandr RUDIKOVSKII Elena RUDIKOVSKAYA Lyubov DUDAREVA siberian institute of plant physiology and Biochemistry of siberian Branch Russian Academy of Sciences

The adaption of photosynthesis, being a key metabolic process, plays an important role in plant resistance to air drought. In this study, the siberian crabapple(Malus baccata L. Borkh.) in the forest-steppe zone of Transbaikalia region, Russia, was subjected to air drought stress and its photosynthesis characteristics were analyzed. The results show that air drought and sufficient soil moisture supply lead to the decrease in the total chlorophyll(Chl) content, while the ratio of Chls to carotenoids is constant in the siberian crabapple tree. The function of photosystem II(PS-II) in the crabapple trees is characterized by a decrease in the fraction of absorbed light energy spent on the photochemical work and an increase in the proportion of non-photosynthetic thermal quenching. These changes indicate the photosynthetic down-regulation that acts as a universal photoprotective mechanism. During the midday hours, the combination of high air temperature and low air humidity leads to the decrease in the maximum photochemical quantum yield of photosystem II(Fv/Fm) and the efficiency of photosynthesis(PABS). The parameters of leaf gas exchange show the significant differences in these values between the control and experimental variants. During the morning hours, the siberian crabapple, growing in the Irkutsk City,assimilates carbon dioxide more intensively. Due to the higher air humidity, the stomata are kept open and the necessary amount of carbon dioxide entries the sites of carboxylation. The low air humidity combined with wind in the experimental variants leads to the unreasonably high water loss in the crabapple leaves by more than 27% as compared to the control variant(Irkutsk City). However, water use efficiency in the morning hours increases during plant photosynthetic processes, i.e., 42% higher than that of control. This,apparently, is a reflection of the adaptation processes of the siberian crabapple to the air drought and parching wind.

关键词： air drought chlorophyll fluorescence leaf gas exchange pigments water use efficiency

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The impact of the environmental factors on the photosynthetic activity of common pine (Pinus sylvestris) in spring and in autumn in the region of Eastern Siberia

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Journal of Forestry Research 2018年第6期29卷 1465-1473页

作者： N.E.Korotaeva M.V.Ivanova G.G.Suvorova G.B.Borovskii siberian institute of plant physiology and Biochemistry Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences

The taiga coniferous forests of the siberian region are the main carbon sinks in the forest ***, the size of the carbon accumulation is determined by the photosynthetic productivity, which is strongly influenced by environmental factors. As a result,an assessment of the relationship between environmental factors and photosynthetic productivity makes it possible to calculate and even predict carbon sinks in coniferous forests at the regional level. However, at various stages of the vegetative period, the force of the connection between environmental conditions and the productivity of photosynthesis may change. In this research, correlations between the photosynthetic activity of Scots pine(Pinus sylvestris L.) with the environmental conditions were compared in spring and in autumn. In spring, close positive correlation of the maximum daily net photosynthesis was identified with only one environmental factor. For different years, correlations were for soil temperature(rs= 0.655,p = 0.00315) or available soil water supply(rs= 0.892,p = 0.0068). In autumn within different years, significant correlation was shown with two(temperature of air and soil; rs= 0.789 and 0.896, p = 0.00045 and 0.000006,respectively) and four factors: temperature of air(rs=0.749, p = 0.00129) and soil(rs= 0.84, p = 0.00000),available soil water supply(rs= 0.846, p = 0.00013) and irradiance(rs= 0.826, p = 0.000001). Photosynthetic activity has a weaker connection with changes in environmental factors in the spring, as compared to *** is explained by the multidirectional influence of environmental conditions on photosynthesis in this period and by the necessity of earlier photosynthesis onset, despite the unfavorable conditions. This data may be useful for predicting the flow of carbon in dependence on environmental factors in this region in spring and in autumn.

关键词： Pinus sylvestris L. Eastern Siberia Correlations Photosynthetic productivity Seasonal changes in environment

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Evaluation of forest disturbance in south-west Zabaikalia (East Siberia)

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Forestry Studies in China 2013年第4期15卷 332-339页

作者： Т.А.MIKHAILOVA L.V.AFANASIEVA O.V.KALUGINA О.V.SHERGINA siberian institute of plant physiology and Biochemistry Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences institute of General and Experimental Biology Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences

The forest estate in south-west Zabaikalia, a territory included in the Lake Baikal catchment area, has been investigated. For this purpose we have used both data of our own studies and monitoring data of environmental protection bodies. It shows that in our study area, fires, fellings, entomo-parasites and air pollution are the major negative factors affecting the state of the forest. In the period from 2003 to 2008 fires were registered in the area of over 500 thousand ha, pest foci in the forests covering an area of over 330 thousand ha, where almost 5 million m3wood was cut in an area of about 43 thousand ha. The total area of forests in our study affected by air pollution amounts to about 700 thousand ha. According to the results, forest pollution in the territory is concentrated in the vicinity of large-scale industrial complexes, for distances up to about 40 km. The total area of forests weakened by air pollution amounts to about 2 million ha.

关键词： south-west Zabaikalia ,Lake Baikal catchment area forest state negative factors

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The structure of the plant communities in the different environment contact sites on the base of the soil-geobotanic profiling in the changing climate of Lake Baikal region

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Natural Science 2012年第10期4卷 771-777页

作者： Alexander Sizykh Victor Voronin Alexander Griczenuk Svetlana Sizykh Botanic Garden Irkutsk State University Irkutsk Russia Forestry Agency of Buriayt Republic Russia siberian institute of plant physiology and geochemistry Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences Irkutsk Russia

The results of studies of the peculiarities of formation of phytocenoses in environments contact sites of the western and eastern coasts of the Lake Baikal has been showed in this paper. On the base of geobotanic profiling combined with soil one, the structure and dynamics of phytocenoses forming under the conditions of mutual development of light-coniferous taiga forest and of extra zonal steppes. Edaphic conditions and placement of phytocenoses are main trigger factors determining the ways of plant cover development in this part of Lake Baikal basin. We discuss the characteristics properties inherent in the linkage of the dynamics and spatial variability of the vegetation with the change of climate in the Baikal region. The regional conditions of the physiogeographic environment had given rise to structurally highly contrasting plant communities in this region. The increase in yearly mean summertime amounts of rainfall, combined with the rise of yearly mean winter temperatures over the last years were conducive to changes in the spatial structure of vegetation. The boundary between the types of vegetation undergoes smoothing. The upper boundary of forest is altered because of changes of the environment that are responsible for the zonality and properties of vertical zonality of the vegetation on the mountains surrounding Lake Baikal. Changes in the vegetation serve as indicators of climate change as well as providing diagnostic tools for the genesis of the Baikal region’s natural environment.

关键词： Phytocenoses Environments Contact Sites Soil-Geobotanic Profiling Spatial Variability of plant Communities Taiga-Steppe Communities Lake Baikal Region

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Assessment of the Regime of Functioning Agroecosystems Depending on the Climate and Technogenic Pollution of the Soils

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Natural Science 2014年第15期6卷 1219-1227页

作者： Lubov V. Pomazkina Lada G. Sokolova Yulia V. Semenova siberian institute of plant physiology and Biochemistry Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences Irkutsk Russia

Some results of monitoring (for the period from 1992 to 2005) related to transformations of carbon in agroecosystems of Baikal Siberia (Russia) characterized by unpolluted grey forest soils as well as the soils technogenically polluted with heavy metals are discussed with use the unique approach to integrated assessment of the agroecosystem’s functioning regime. The peculiarities of accumulation of carbon in soil microbial biomass and CO2 emission during the years differing in climate conditions are demonstrated. Analysis of formation of net-mineralized and (re)immobilized carbon is conducted, their ratio being used for the purpose of assessment of the level of influence upon the agroecosystem. The agroecosystems having technogenically polluted soils are characterized by processes of the soil microbial biomass reduction and by an obvious increase of CO2 emission into the atmosphere. Negative changes, which are bound up with carbon transformation, are intensified under unfavorable climate conditions. Intensification of processes of carbon net mineralization and, vice versa, lowering the intensity of processes related to carbon (re)immobilization (especially under the effect of soil pollution and climate changes) provoke instability of the agroecosystem and cause formation of a new regime of its functioning.

关键词： Agroecosystems Regime of Functioning Integral Assessment Technogenic Pollution Climate Changes

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Current vegetation dynamics of the “forest-mountain tundra” ecotones of Lake Baikal coastal ranges

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Natural Science 2013年第2期5卷 187-193页

作者： Alexander Sizykh Victor Voronin siberian institute of plant physiology and Biochemistry Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences Irkutsk Russia

During last decades, new trends appeared in the ecotones of the upper boundary of forests at the ridges surroundingLakeBaikal(Khamar-Daban and Baikal’sky Ridge): ones to advance of wood species (Pinus sibirica Du Tour, Abies sibirica Ledeb., Larix sibirica Ledeb., Larix dahurica Lawson) out of timber stands into the area of subgoltsy with Pinus pumila (Pallas) Regel. up to mountain tundras. In average, this is from 100 to 200 - 300 meters (maximum up to500 m) in linear distance from the margin of dense timber stand. A burst of forests renewal occurred in 1989-1995, it resulted probably from a high productivity of the seeds of wood species due to warmer winters in 1980ies-1990ies which favoured the formation of favourable climate-edaphic conditions for the development of forest communities above the forests boundary on the ridges surrounding Lake Baikal.

关键词： Ecotones “Forest-Mountain Tundra” Sub-Goltsy Belt Forest Boundary Baikal Region

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Somaclonal variations as a mean for obtaining regenerants with different growth rates in poplar (<i>Populus ×berolinensis</i>Dipp.)

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Natural Science 2013年第5期5卷 599-607页

作者： Kim Z. Gamburg Viktor K. Voinikov siberian institute of plant physiology and Biochemistry Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences Irkutsk Russia

Adventive regenerants of Populus × berolinensis Dipp. were obtained on 1/2 MS salts with sucrose, vitamins, BA, TDZ and NAA using stem, petiole and leaf explants. They differed from each other in plantlet dimensions. More than 50 clones were produced from initial regenerants by excision and rooting of apexes and lateral shoots. Differences in stem length and thickness were observed between 200 field plants produced from in vitro plantlets. Differences in stem length were conditioned mainly due to different number of internodes and not by internodes’ lengths. plants grown from cuttings excised from highest and smallest plants retained the abilities of mother plants to grow with different rates. It is concluded that somaclonal variability can be used for selection of fast growing poplar plants which are necessary for industrial plantations. These plants can be used for this purpose without the limitations existing for transgenic plants.

关键词： Somaclonal Variations Adventive Regenerants Poplar Populus x Berolinensis Dipp. Propagation in Vitro Fast Growing plants

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A Simple Inexpensive Method for the Measurement of Indoleacetamide Hydrolase Activity

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Natural Science 2017年第4期9卷 92-98页

作者： Kim Z. Gamburg siberian institute of plant physiology and Biochemistry Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences Irkutsk Russia

Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) a phytohormon of auxin type is synthesized by different ways in plants and some bacteria (Agrobacteria, Pseudomonas and some others). The enzyme indolylacetamide hydrolase transforms indolylacetamide to IAA mainly in bacteria. However, recently published data showed that some plants can also hydrolyze indolylacetamide into IAA. In order to elucidate the role of indolylacetamide as an auxin precursor in plants and bacteria, productive method of determination of the activity of indoleacetamide hydrolase is necessary. The simple, inexpensive and productive method for the measurement of indoleacetamide hydrolase activity was elaborated based on significant difference between IAAM and IAA in color developed with Salkovski’ reagent. The light absorbance increased during conversion of IAAM to IAA by protein extracts from some plant cells and this increase may be used for quantitative estimation of indoleacetamide hydrolase activity. The method is suitable for fast discovery of indoleacetamide hydrolase activity before planning more complicated analyses and for the analysis of many probes at a short time in physiological and biochemical experiments. A detailed protocol for determination of indoleacetamide hydrolase activity by the elaborated method is described.

关键词： Auxin Indolyl-3-Acetic Acid Synthesis Indolyl-3-Acetamide Indolyl-3-Acetamide Hydrolase Scorzonera hispanica L. Daucus sativus (Hoffm.) Roehl. Cucurbita pepo L

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Paragenese of the vegetation in ecosystems contact zones (in Lake Baikal basin)

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Natural Science 2012年第5期4卷 271-275页

作者： Alexander Sizykh Victor Voronin Michail Azovsky Svetlana Sizykh Botanic Garden Irkutsk State University Irkutsk Russia institute of geochemistry Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences Irkutsk Russia siberian institute of plant physiology and Biochemistry Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences Irkutsk Russia

Phytocenoses in the ecosystems contact zones are characterized by a rather complex structural and dynamical more than one features and by specific development characters under definite physical and geographical conditions. Unlike zonal vegetation, such phytocenoses respond to all environment changes more rapidly. The structure of such phytocenoses allows to determine the way this or that scenarios of climate change would develop at any level of more than one ecosystems. A possibility to use the notion “paragenese” for characterization of phytocenoses under contrast conditions is considered. Paragenese is the development of phytocenoses which are not related to zonal vegetation types by their composition and structure. Probably, the communities from ecosystems contact zones are to be related to a particular “type” of vegetation. Phytocenoses in the contact of light coniferous taiga and extrazonal steppes, as well as relations between zonal forest-steppe at main areas of Lake Baikal basin served as examples for justification of use of the notion “paragenese” to characterize the development of such communities.

关键词： Paragenese Phytocenoses Lake Baikal Basin Ecosystems

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The Dependence of <i>N</i>-Malonyltryptophan Formation in plants on Water Deficit (Review)

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Natural Science 2021年第2期13卷 26-41页

作者： Kim Z. Gamburg siberian institute of plant physiology and Biochemistry Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences Irkutsk Russian Federation

Drought stress in plants is accompanied by several metabolic changes. One of them is the appearance of N-malonyltryptophan (MT) during leaf wilting of many species, but there is a significant number of plant species in which the appearance of MT did not occur. plants of some species were able to synthesize also N-acetyltryptophan (AT). Excised tomato leaves incubated with D-amino acids (including D-Trp) transform them into malonyl- and acetyl-derivatives even without water deficit. However, MT which appeared during water deficit has been shown to contain L-Trp. Amino acid—1-amino-cyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) is also malonylated during water deficit, but other L-amino acids were not malonylated. N-malonyl transferases specific for Trp and ACC have been found in several plants. The existence of N-malonyltransferase specific to L-Trp and appeared during water deficit in plants forming MT is supposed, but clear experimental proof has not been obtained yet. plants can transform MT applied exogenously into Trp and further to indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). But no evidence has been appeared up to now that endogenous MT may be a source of IAA. It is unknown till now why it is necessary for plants of many species to malonylate only Trp during water deficit. How MT metabolized in animals and if it affects them is also unknown. The necessity to use molecular-genetic approaches for the elucidation of the physiological significance of MT formation during water deficit is underlined.

关键词： Drought Stress N-Acetyltryptophan 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-Carboxylic Acid Indole-3-Acetic Acid Tryptophan Malonylation

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