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Advances in genotypic antimicrobialresistance testing: a comprehensive review

Science China Life Sciences 2025年第1期68卷 130-143页

作者： Boheng Duan Xianjun Zeng Junping Peng Huan Kui College of Nanchang University Department of Imaging The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens National Institute of Pathogen BiologyChinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease Pathogenomics Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College Key Laboratory of Pathogen Infection Prevention and Control (Ministry of education) State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and MultimorbidityNational Institute of Pathogen BiologyChinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College

Antimicrobial resistance(AMR) represents a substantial threat to global public health, complicating the treatment of common infections and leading to prolonged illness and escalated healthcare expenses. To effectively combat AMR, timely and accurate detection is crucial for AMR surveillance and individual-based therapy. Phenotypic antibiotic resistance testing(AST) has long been considered the gold standard in clinical applications, serving as the foundation for clinical AMR diagnosis and optimized therapy. It has significantly contributed to ensuring patients′ health and the development of novel antimicrobials. Despite advancements in automated culture-based AST technologies,inherent limitations impede the widespread use of phenotypic AST in AMR surveillance. Genotypic AST technologies offer a promising alternative option, exhibiting advantages of rapidity, high sensitivity, and specificity. With the continuous advancement and expanding applications of genotypic AST technologies, such as microfluidics, mass spectrometry, and high-resolution melting curve analysis, new vigor has been injected into the development and clinical implementation of genotypic AST technologies. In this narrative review, we discuss the principles, applications, and advancements of emerging genotypic AST methods in clinical settings. The comprehensive review aims to highlight the significant scientific potential of emerging genotypic AST technologies in clinical AMR diagnosis, providing insights to enhance existing methods and explore novel approaches.

关键词： antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genotypic antibiotic resistance testing (AST) AST technologies review

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Printing perovskite and graphene parallel structure-based optical-mechanical sensors for human-machine interaction

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Science China Technological Sciences 2025年

作者： Sisi CHEN Jiemin ZHANG Nan CHENG Wenbo LI Jing LIU Hongfei XIE Jie ZHANG Yueying CHENG Xiaotong ZHAO Meng SU Yanlin SONG Key Laboratory of Green Printing CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences Institute of ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences (ICCAS) University of Chinese academy of Sciences Weiyang College Tsinghua University Department of Cardiovascular Surgery First Medical Center PLA General Hospital AECC Beijing Institute of Aeronautical Materials Beijing Institute of Graphene Technology Beijing Engineering Research Centre of Graphene Application School of Integrated Circuit & Beijing national Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist) Tsinghua University

Surgical robots are designed to provide enhanced precision and dexterity compared to manual surgical procedures,which mainly rely on multimodal sensing technologies for the surgeon to seamlessly operate the robotic arms and *** with single-mode sensors, optical and mechanical bi-modal sensors provide improved precision, enhanced safety,and robustness of human-machine interaction systems. Here, the template-guided and pneumatic printing technologies are combined to construct perovskite and graphene parallel structures with both optical and mechanical sensing capabilities. The printed uniformly crystallized perovskite microstructure exhibits fast and sensitive photoelectric response characteristics,enabling shadow recognition functionality. The combination of graphene and elastic rubber endows the great printability to prepare parallel structures near the perovskite arrays for force sensing capabilities. Thus, the printed perovskite and graphene structures possess non-contact optical sensing capabilities to detect hand position by recognizing shadows between the hand and the sensor, as well as contact mechanical sensing capabilities to detect touch force applied by the hand. It provides a synergistic platform for real-time and multidimensional feedback to improve human-machine interaction.

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Objective Assessment in Continual medical education (CME) medical Objective Assessment in System Control

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Journal of Integrative Medicine（双语） 2018年第2期7卷 7-11页

作者： Yuriy V. Voronenko Ozar P. Mintser Dmytro D. Ivanov Larysa Yu. Babintseva shupyk national medical academy of postgraduate education Kiev Ukraine

Existing examinations in postgraduate education and continuing medical education (CME) are not perfect. Modern assessment does not reflect disadvantages of older responders, for whom more time for reply is needed. Specialists with wide clinical experience may choose more than one correct answer in alternative questions. Reduced ability to remember in older people restricts examination without additional sources of information. We offer an individualised system for testing doctors. It provides personalised choice of examination questions using multiple choice questions with weight characteristics and absence of distractors, interactive cooperation in case of negative answers and the final decision of an expert in relation to the person tested. A special algorithm is proposed for typical questions that combines the advantages of known approaches to testing. The questioning system is complex for the creators of tests, but is more convenient and objective than existing ones for medical doctors.

关键词： postgraduate education Continuing medical education Examinations in medicine Multiple choice questions based on weight answers Weight of the question Individual approach for medical testing Personalised examination

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Proactive psychological and psychiatric support of patients with chronic noncommunicable diseases in a randomised trial:a Ukrainian experience

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General Psychiatry 2022年第5期35卷 319-327页

作者： O O Khaustova M V Markova M O Driuchenko A O Burdeinyi medical Psychology Psychosomatic Medicine and PsychotherapyBogomolets National Medical UniversityKyivUkraine Sexology Psychotherapy and Medical PsychologyKharkiv Medical Academy of Postgraduate EducationKharkivUkraine Uzhhorod national University UzhhorodUkraine Bogomolets national medical University KyivUkraine

Background Presently, approaches for the early treatment of pathological anxiety in patients with chronic non-communicable diseases are lacking, thus delaying the initiation of symptom management at the early onset of the illness. Proactive psychological and psychiatric support, to alleviate subclinical symptoms of anxiety and to improve the quality of life in patients with chronic non-communicable diseases, is a promising candidate for the role of such *** To investigate and determine the effectiveness of proactive psychological and psychiatric support for alleviating subclinical symptoms of anxiety and improving quality of life, in patients with chronic non-communicable *** The study design was a monocentric randomised controlled trial with parallel groups. The study, involving 193 inpatients with chronic non-communicable diseases, complied with the ethical and deontological norms in accordance with the principles set out in the Declaration of Helsinki. Instruments used in the study included the Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAM-A) to assess subclinical symptoms, the Scale of Somatic Symptoms and the Chaban Quality of Life Scale. Block randomisation was used to randomise patients to a 2-month-long study group with a proactive counselling psychiatry model care or a control group with standard regulated treatment for chronic non-communicable diseases. The allocation ratio was 1.15:1 owing to the expectancy of a higher percentage of dropout in the intervention *** After 60 days of treatment (T2), there was a statistically significant difference in all clinical parameters between the study and control groups. The median HAM-A value differed between the groups by 4.87 points, with statistically significant lower results in the study group. The comparison of the study group’s scale values on day 1 and day 60 demonstrated statistically significant changes in all three *** Our results support existing evidence for the effective

关键词： patients diseases psychiatric

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Secondary release of the peripheral nerve with autologous fat derivates benefits for functional and sensory recovery

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Neural Regeneration Research 2021年第5期16卷 856-864页

作者： Natalia E.Krzesniak Anna Sarnowska Anna Figiel-Dabrowska Katarzyna Osiak Krystyna Domanska-Janik Bartłomiej H.Noszczyk Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Center of Postgraduate Medical EducationProf.W.Orlowski Memorial HospitalWarsawPoland 2Mossakowski Medical Research CenterPolish Academy of SciencesWarsawPoland

The reconstruction of nerve continuity after traumatic nerve injury is the gold standard in hand ***,tension-free,end-to-end nerve suture ensures the best *** recovery is mostly promising;however,in a few cases,insufficient outcomes in motor or sensory function are ***-and extra-fascicular scarring accompanies the nerve regeneration process and limits final *** nerve release in those cases is ***,scarring recurrence cannot be eliminated after secondary revision and *** supportive influences of mesenchymal stem cells in the process of nerve regeneration were observed in many preclinical ***,a limited number of studies in humans have analyzed the clinical usage of mesenchymal stem cells in peripheral nerve reconstruction and *** objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of undifferentiated adipose-derived stromal/stem cell injection during a last-chance surgery(neurolysis,nerve release)on a previously reconstructed *** patients(one female,two males;mean age 59±4.5 years at the time of injury),who experienced failure of reconstructions of median and ulnar nerves,were included in this *** the revision surgery,nerve fascicles were released,and adiposederived stromal/stem cells were administered through microinjections along the fascicles and around the adjacent tissues after external *** 36 months of followup,patients noticed gradual signs of sensory and in consequence functional *** adverse effects were *** nerve release with adipose-derived stromal/stem cells support is a promising method in patients who need secondary nerve release after nerve *** method can constitute an alternative procedure in patients experiencing recovery failure and allow improvement in cases of limited nerve *** study protocol was approved by the Institutional Review Board(IRB)at the Centre of Pos

关键词： nerve release neurolysis stem cells adipose-derived stem cells scar threshold sensation pain hypersensitivity forearm

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Urine microscopy and neutrophilelymphocyte ratio are early predictors of acute kidney injury in patients with urinary tract infection

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Asian Journal of Urology 2021年第2期8卷 220-226页

作者： Sreerag Kana Rajesh Nachiappa Ganesh Deepanjali Surendran Rajendra G.Kulkarni Ravi Kishore Bobbili Jose Olickal Jeby Department of Pathology Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and ResearchPuducherryIndia Department of Medicine Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and ResearchPuducherryIndia Department of Immunohaematology and Transfusion Medicine Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and ResearchPuducherryIndia Department of Preventive and Social Medicine Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and ResearchPuducherryIndia

Objective:Urinary tract infection(UTI)is a common cause of morbidity and hospitalisation in the population *** UTI is indolent and causes subclinical acute kidney injury(AKI)resulting in preventable cause of scarring of renal *** explored urinary and serum levels of kidney injury molecule-1(KIM-1),haematological parameters and quantitative urine microscopy parameters to predict kidney ***:Neutrophilelymphocyte ratio(NLR)is obtained by dividing absolute neutrophil count with absolute lymphocyte *** urine sediment microscopy was performed and correlated with clinical,biochemical and haematological findings to predict AKI in patients with *** ELISA was performed for serum and urine levels of *** two adult patients with UTI were enrolled,45 of whom had AKI while 27 were in the non-AKI ***:NLR(p=0.005)and renal tubular epithelial cell-granular cast score in quantitative urine microscopy(p=0.008)are strong predictors of AKI in patients with UTI while rest of quantitative urine microscopy parameters and serum and urinary levels of KIM-1 molecule were not found to be useful in prediction of ***:NLR in haemogram is a novel and useful biomarker for predicting AKI in patients with UTI.

关键词： Acute kidney injury kidney injury molecule-1 Neutrophil elymphocyte ratio Quantitative urine microscopy score Urinary tract infection

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Impact of Ocular Compression on Ocular Surface Bacterial Contamination

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International Journal of Clinical Medicine 2013年第9期4卷 375-377页

作者： Amir Reza Daneshmand Eslami Nikolai M. Sergienko Ivan P. Bilko Department of Microbiology and Epidemiology National Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education Kiev Ukraine Department of Ophthalmology National Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education Kiev Ukraine

Background: To study the impact of preoperative ocular compression on bacterial contamination of the lid margin and conjunctival sac. Methods: This study evaluated 106 eyes from 106 patients undergoing cataract surgery. Preoperatively, all of the patients received one drop of 0.5% levofloxacin eye drops 5 times per day for 4 days. The patients were divided into 2 groups after receiving retrobulbar anaesthesia. The study group (75 eyes) received 15 ± 2 minutes of ocular compression, and the control group (31 eyes) remained with their eyes closed for 15 ± 2 minutes without the application of ocular compression or digital massage. Following the device removal (study group only) and the opening of the eyes, bacterial cultures were taken from the lid margin and conjunctival sac. Results: The lid margin was positive for bacteria in 23 eyes (30.7%) in the study group vs. 3 eyes (9.7%) in the control group (P = 0.0223), and the conjunctival sac was positive for bacteria in 16 eyes (21.3%) in the study group vs. 5 eyes (16.1%) in the control group (P = 0.5409). Conclusion: Preoperative ocular compression is associated with the release of meibomian gland secretions and bacterial contamination of the eyelid edges.

关键词： Bacteria Conjunctival Sac Endophthalmitis Lid Margin Ocular Compression

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Peficitinib suppresses diffuse-type tenosynovial giant cell tumor by targeting TYK2 and JAK/STAT signaling

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Science China Life Sciences 2025年

作者： Shan Lu Chenxi Cao Wenjia Zhang Jiayi Li Jingli Yang Zisheng Huang Zhijun Wu Baitao Liu Hongjie Huang Haijun Wang Yongjian Wang Dingge Liu Zhihua Zhang Kaiping Liu Gang Yang Xi Gong Hui Dai Yingjia Li Erdan Dong Xin Zhang Yan Zhang Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences School of Basic Medical Sciences Peking University Health Science Center Department of Cardiology and Institute of Vascular Medicine Peking University Third HospitalState Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling Peking University Department of Sports Medicine Peking University Third Hospital Institute of Sports Medicine of Peking University Beijing Key Laboratory of Sports Injuries Engineering Research Center of Sports Trauma Treatment Technology and Devices Ministry of Education State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology Institute of Molecular Medicine College of Future Technology Peking University Peking University Health Science Centre Peking University Department of Immunology School of Basic Medical Sciences NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology Peking University Research Center for Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences Qingdao Hospital (Qingdao Municipal Hospital) School of Health and Life Sciences University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences Research Unit of medical Science Research Management/Basic and Clinical Research of Metabolic Cardiovascular Diseases Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences

Diffuse-type tenosynovial giant cell tumor(dTGCT) is a destructive but rare benign proliferative synovial neoplasm. Although surgery is currently the main treatment modality for dTGCT, the recurrence risk is up to 50%. Therefore, there is a great need for effective drugs against dTGCT with minor side effects. The Janus kinase(JAK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription(STAT) signaling plays a central role in rheumatoid arthritis(RA), a disease with similar characteristics as dTGCT, but its function in dTGCT remains *** fibroblast-like synoviocytes(FLS) and macrophages were isolated from 10 synovial tissue samples from dTGCT patients for the screening and validation of the five clinically approved JAK inhibitors to treat RA against dTGCT. Cell viability, cell death, inflammation and the activity of the JAK family members of cultured dTGCT FLS(both 2-D and 3-D) and macrophages were investigated for the efficacy of the JAK inhibitors. Here, we found that similar to RA, JAK/STAT signaling was markedly activated in the dTGCT synovium. Of the 5 JAK inhibitors, peficitinib was shown to have the most potency in addressing some of the pathological responses of dTGCT FLS and *** potency of peficitinib was much higher than pexidartinib, which is the only FDA-approved drug for dTGCT. Mechanistically, peficitinib inhibited tyrosine kinase 2(TYK2), a JAK family member necessary for the pathological progression of dTGCT FLS and macrophages. In summary, we not only revealed JAK/STAT(especially TYK2) signaling as the major mechanism underlying dTGCT, but also identified peficitinib as a promising drug against dTGCT.

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Antimicrobial Assay of Chlorhexidine-Wetted Textile Napkins for Surgical Site Disinfection in Ocular Surgery

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International Journal of Clinical Medicine 2013年第12期4卷 577-581页

作者： Amir Reza Daneshmand Eslami Department of Ophthalmology National Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education Kiev Ukraine

Background: As a new intraoperative disinfection method, chlorhexidine-wetted textile napkins have been employed in order to cover the upper and lower eyelid edges, eyelid skin, eyelashes, lid margins and palpebral conjunctiva during phacoemulsification cataract extraction. This study was conducted to compare the antimicrobial activity of textile napkins before and after their use. Methods: This study evaluated 80 textile napkins wetted with 0.02% aqueous solution of chlorhexidine. All textile napkins were divided into groups. The study group consisted of 60 used textile napkins which were collected from 29 patients (30 eyes) at the end of phacoemulsification, and the control group included 20 unused sterile textile napkins. Antimicrobial assay was performed by means of measuring the growth inhibition zones of the standard or clinical isolate strains under the textile napkins on the surface of agar media. Results: The number of textile napkins and the diameter of the growth inhibition zones (mm) in the study group and in the control group relating to gram-positive, gram-negative, and fungi were: 24/31 vs. 8/31, 32/30 vs. 8/30, and 4/30 vs. 4/30. The diameter of the growth inhibition zones of gram-positive bacteria was more than other investigated microorganisms. In the growth inhibition zones, exogenous microorganism colonies were not found. Conclusion: Antimicrobial activity of textile napkins wetted with 0.02% aqueous solution of chlorhexidine against gram-positive bacteria is more than gram-negative bacteria and fungi, and is preserved to the end of the phacoemulsification.

关键词： Chlorhexidine Endophthalmitis Levofloxacin Phacoemulsification Surgical Site Disinfection

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The role of diet in the management of MAFLD-why does a new disease require a novel,individualized approach?

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Hepatobiliary Surgery and Nutrition 2022年第3期11卷 419-421页

作者： Alina Kurylowicz Department of Human Epigenetics Mossakowski Medical Research CentrePolish Academy of SciencesWarsawPoland Department of General Medicine and Geriatric Cardiology Medical Centre of Postgraduate EducationWarsawPoland

In 2020,international consensus guidelines recommended renaming a non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)to metabolic-associated fatty liver disease(MAFLD)(1).However,these two terms are not *** of MAFLD is established while hepatic steatosis(diagnosed by the use of non-invasive methods as well as liver biopsy)is accompanied by overweight/obesity or type 2 diabetes(T2D)or two or more metabolic risk factors,including increased waist circumference(with cut off values specific for the population),arterial hypertension,hypertriglyceridemia,low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C)(<40 mmol/L in women and<50 mmol/L in men),prediabetes(impaired fasting glucose,impaired glucose tolerance or glycated hemoglobin 5.7-6.4%).

关键词： NAFLD arterial MAF

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