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Semi-supervised surface defect detection of wind turbine blades with YOLOv4

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Global Energy Interconnection 2024年第3期7卷 284-292页

作者： Chao Huang Minghui Chen Long Wang Department of Computer and Communication Engineering University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083P.R.China shunde innovation school University of Science and Technology BeijingFoshan 528399P.R.China

Timely inspection of defects on the surfaces of wind turbine blades can effectively prevent unpredictable accidents.To this end,this study proposes a semi-supervised object-detection network based on You Only Looking Once version 4(YOLOv4).A semi-supervised structure comprising a generative adversarial network(GAN)was designed to overcome the difficulty in obtaining sufficient samples and sample labeling.In a GAN,the generator is realized by an encoder-decoder network,where the backbone of the encoder is YOLOv4 and the decoder comprises inverse convolutional layers.Partial features from the generator are passed to the defect detection network.Deploying several unlabeled images can significantly improve the generalization and recognition capabilities of defect-detection models.The small-scale object detection capacity of the network can be improved by enhancing essential features in the feature map by adding the concurrent spatial and channel squeeze and excitation(scSE)attention module to the three parts of the YOLOv4 network.A balancing improvement was made to the loss function of YOLOv4 to overcome the imbalance problem of the defective species.The results for both the single-and multi-category defect datasets show that the improved model can make good use of the features of the unlabeled images.The accuracy of wind turbine blade defect detection also has a significant advantage over classical object detection algorithms,including faster R-CNN and DETR.

关键词： Defect detection Generative adversarial network scSE attention Semi-supervision Wind turbine

Stress-assisted corrosion mechanism of 3Ni steel by using gradient boosting decision tree machining learning method

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2024年第6期31卷 1311-1321页

作者： Xiaojia Yang Jinghuan Jia Qing Li Renzheng Zhu Jike Yang Zhiyong Liu Xuequn Cheng Xiaogang Li Institute of Advanced Materials and Technology University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China AECC Key Laboratory of Advanced Corrosion and Protection of Aeronautical Materials AECC Beijing Institute of Aeronautical MaterialsBeijing 100095China shunde innovation school University of Science and Technology BeijingFoshan 528399China

Traditional 3Ni weathering steel cannot completely meet the requirements for offshore engineering development,resulting in the design of novel 3Ni steel with the addition of microalloy elements such as Mn or Nb for strength enhancement becoming a trend.The stress-assisted corrosion behavior of a novel designed high-strength 3Ni steel was investigated in the current study using the corrosion big data method.The information on the corrosion process was recorded using the galvanic corrosion current monitoring method.The gradi-ent boosting decision tree(GBDT)machine learning method was used to mine the corrosion mechanism,and the importance of the struc-ture factor was investigated.Field exposure tests were conducted to verify the calculated results using the GBDT method.Results indic-ated that the GBDT method can be effectively used to study the influence of structural factors on the corrosion process of 3Ni steel.Dif-ferent mechanisms for the addition of Mn and Cu to the stress-assisted corrosion of 3Ni steel suggested that Mn and Cu have no obvious effect on the corrosion rate of non-stressed 3Ni steel during the early stage of corrosion.When the corrosion reached a stable state,the in-crease in Mn element content increased the corrosion rate of 3Ni steel,while Cu reduced this rate.In the presence of stress,the increase in Mn element content and Cu addition can inhibit the corrosion process.The corrosion law of outdoor-exposed 3Ni steel is consistent with the law based on corrosion big data technology,verifying the reliability of the big data evaluation method and data prediction model selection.

关键词： weathering steel stress-assisted corrosion gradient boosting decision tree machining learning

Developing an atmospheric aging evaluation model of acrylic coatings:A semi-supervised machine learning algorithm

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2024年第7期31卷 1617-1627页

作者： Yiran Li Zhongheng Fu Xiangyang Yu Zhihui Jin Haiyan Gong Lingwei Ma Xiaogang Li Dawei Zhang Beijing Advanced innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering Institute for Advanced Materials and TechnologyUniversity of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China National Materials Corrosion and Protection Data Center University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China BRI Southeast Asia Network for Corrosion and Protection(MOE) Shunde Innovation School of University of Science and Technology BeijingFoshan 528399China

To study the atmospheric aging of acrylic coatings,a two-year aging exposure experiment was conducted in 13 representative climatic environments in China.An atmospheric aging evaluation model of acrylic coatings was developed based on aging data including11 environmental factors from 567 cities.A hybrid method of random forest and Spearman correlation analysis was used to reduce the redundancy and multicollinearity of the data set by dimensionality reduction.A semi-supervised collaborative trained regression model was developed with the environmental factors as input and the low-frequency impedance modulus values of the electrochemical impedance spectra of acrylic coatings in 3.5wt%NaCl solution as output.The model improves accuracy compared to supervised learning algorithms model(support vector machines model).The model provides a new method for the rapid evaluation of the aging performance of acrylic coatings,and may also serve as a reference to evaluate the aging performance of other organic coatings.

关键词： acrylic coatings coatings aging atmospheric environment machine learning

Lithiophilic Li-Si alloy-solid electrolyte interface enabled by high-concentration dual salt-reinforced quasi-solid-state electrolyte

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第8期95卷 216-230页

作者： Yuanxing Zhang Ling Zhang Zhiguang Zhao Yuxiang Zhang Jingwen Cui Chengcai Liu Daobin Mu Yuefeng Su Borong Wu Feng Wu school of Materials Science and Engineering Beijing Institute of Technology Chongqing innovation Center Beijing Institute of Technology Collaborative innovation Center of Electric Vehicles in Beijing

Solid polymer electrolytes（SPEs） are urgently required to achieve practical solid-state lithium metal batteries（LMBs） and lithium-ion batteries（LIBs）,Herein,we proposed a mechanism for modulating interfacial conduction and anode interfaces in high-concentration SPEs by LiDFBOP.Optimized electrolyte exhibits superior ionic conductivity and remarkable interface compatibility with salt-rich clusters:（1）polymer-plastic crystal electrolyte（P-PCE,TPU-SN matrix） dissociates ion pairs to facilitate Li+transport in the electrolyte and regulates Li+diffusion in the SEI.The crosslinking structure of the matrix compensates for the loss of mechanical strength at high-salt concentrations;（2） dual-anion TFSI-_n-DFBOP-min the Li+solvation sheath facilitates facile Li+desolvation and formation of salt-rich clusters and is conducive to the formation of Li conductive segments of TPU-SN matrix;（3） theoretical calculations indicate that the decomposition products of LiDFBOP form SEI with lower binding energy with LiF in the SN system,thereby enhancing the interfacial electrochemical redox kinetics of SPE and creating a solid interface SEI layer rich in LiF.As a result,the optimized electrolyte exhibits an excellent ionic conductivity of9.31 × 10-4S cm-1at 30℃ and a broadened electrochemical stability up to 4.73 V.The designed electrolyte effectively prevents the formation of Li dendrites in Li symmetric cells for over 6500 h at0.1 mA cm-2.The specific Li-Si alloy-solid state half-cell capacity shows 711.6 mAh g-1after 60 cycles at 0.3 A g-1. Excellent rate performance and cycling stability are achieved for these solid-state batteries with Li-Si alloy anodes and NCM 811 cathodes.NCM 811‖ Prelithiated silicon-based anode solid-state cell delivers a discharge capacity of 195.55 mAh g-1and a capacity retention of 97.8% after 120 cycles.NCM 811‖Li solid-state cell also delivers capacity retention of 84.2% after 450 cycles.

关键词： Li-Si alloy anode Prelithiation SEI layer Solid-state electrolyte

Free-walking:Pedestrian inertial navigation based on dual foot-mounted IMU

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2024年第3期33卷 573-587页

作者： Qu Wang Meixia Fu Jianquan Wang Lei Sun Rong Huang Xianda Li Zhuqing Jiang Yan Huang Changhui Jiang school of Automation Science and Electrical Engineering University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing100083China shunde innovation school University of Science and Technology BeijingFo Shan528399China Research Institute of China Unicom Beijing100190China school of Artificial Intelligence Beijing University of Posts and TelecommunicationsBeijing100876China Department of Automation Tsinghua University Beijing100084China GEOLOC Laboratory Universite Gustave EiffelParis77454France

The inertial navigation system(INS),which is frequently used in emergency rescue operations and other situations,has the benefits of not relying on infrastructure,high positioning frequency,and strong real-time performance.However,the intricate and unpredictable pedestrian motion patterns lead the INS localization error to significantly diverge with time.This paper aims to enhance the accuracy of zero-velocity interval(ZVI)detection and reduce the heading and altitude drift of foot-mounted INS via deep learning and equation constraint of dual feet.Aiming at the observational noise problem of low-cost inertial sensors,we utilize a denoising autoencoder to automatically eliminate the inherent noise.Aiming at the problem that inaccurate detection of the ZVI detection results in obvious displacement error,we propose a sample-level ZVI detection algorithm based on the U-Net neural network,which effectively solves the problem of mislabeling caused by sliding windows.Aiming at the problem that Zero-Velocity Update(ZUPT)cannot suppress heading and altitude error,we propose a bipedal INS method based on the equation constraint and ellipsoid constraint,which uses foot-to-foot distance as a new observation to correct heading and altitude error.We conduct extensive and well-designed experiments to evaluate the performance of the proposed method.The experimental results indicate that the position error of our proposed method did not exceed 0.83% of the total traveled distance.

关键词： Indoor positioning Inertial navigation system(INS) Zero-velocity update(ZUPT) Internet of things(IoTs) Location-based service(LBS)

Liquid-metal microgrid stretchable electronics based on bionic leaf veins with ultra-stretchability and high conductivity

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Rare Metals 2024年第6期43卷 2747-2757页

作者： Xi-Di Sun Jun-Yang An Yi-Qi Sun Xin Guo Jing Wu Jiang-Bo Hua Meng-Rui Su Yi Shi Li-Jia Pan Collaborative innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures School of Electronic Science and EngineeringNanjing University

Stretchable electronics that monitor joint activity and treat diseases based on liquid metal could be used in the development of healthcare applications.Such devices can be seamlessly integrated with human skin.However,most high-precision microstructures and complex patterns are difficult to fabricate due to the limitations of conventional fabrication solutions,resulting in suboptimal performance under practical conditions.Here,a liquid-metal stretchable system utilizing natural leaf veins was reported as microstructures,which was based on a biomimetic concept and utilized an all-solution process for the preparation of complex microstructures.The systems are ultra-high tensile(800% tensile strain),environmentally stable(20 days) and mechanically durable(300-cycle).The system can accurately recognize the wearer's finger bending level as well as simple gesture signals.At the same time,the system acts as a wearable heater,which can realize the fast heating behavior of heating up to 50℃in 3 min under the human body-safe voltage(1.5 V).The tensile stability is demonstrated by the heterogeneous integration of lasers(405 nm) with the system interconnects for a stretchable and wearable light source.

关键词： Stretchable electronics Liquid metal Stretchable conductor Vein Bionicist electronics

Numerical insight into heat transfer enhancement by granules inner-migration in a moving bed:A performance comparison between slanted-stick and plow-shaped agitator

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Particuology 2024年第6期89卷 109-116页

作者： Binfan Jiang Hao Pei Dehong Xia Haiyang Wang school of Energy and Environmental Engineering University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China shunde Graduate school of University of Science and Technology Beijing Guangdong 528399China Jianlong Group&USTB Joint Laboratory Beijing 100083China

Waste heat recovery of high-temperature granules is one of the most promising sustainable energy supply and carbon reduction ways for industry.A moving bed indirect heat exchanger(MBIHE)with inner-migration was proposed for granular heat recovery.Granule migration and the enhanced heat transfer induced by two types of agitators(i.e.,agitator with slanted stick A_(s)and with plow-shaped surface A_(p))in the MBIHE are analyzed based on DEM coupled with CFD.Owing to the effective agitation,the average heat transfer coefficient in the granule side is enhanced to∼3 times compared to that without agitation.The heat recovery efficiency in the moving bed reached more than 70%with the agitations of either A_(s)or A_(p).The heat efficiency of A_(s)is∼7%higher than that of A_(p),but with at least 60%greater rotational torque.To ensure reliable agitation,the A_(p)is suggested to be adopted in the MBIHE to induce granule migration.

关键词： Waste heat recovery High-temperature granule Granule migration Heat transfer enhancement Industry energy saving

The energy-free purification of trace thallium(I)-contaminated potable water using a high-selective filter paper with multi-layered Prussian blue decoration

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Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2024年第2期18卷 1-12页

作者： Jiangyan Lu Zhu Xiong Yuhang Cheng Qingwu Long Kaige Dong Hongguo Zhang Dinggui Luo Li Yu Wei Zhang Gaosheng Zhang Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta(Ministry of Education) School of Environmental Science and EngineeringGuangzhou UniversityGuangzhou 510006China College of Light Chemical Industry and Materials Engineering Shunde PolytechnicFoshan 528333China

Thallium is a highly toxic metal,and trace amount of thallium(I)(Tl+)in potable water could cause a severe water crisis,which arouses the exploitation of highly-effective technology for purification of Tl+contaminated water.This report proposes the multi-layered Prussian blue(PB)-decorated composite membranes(PBx@PDA/PEI-FP)based on the aminated filter papers for Tl+uptake.Extensively characterization by Fourier transform infrared spectrometer-attenuated total reflectance,scanning electron microscope,thermogravimetric analysis,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction were performed to confirm the in situ growth of cubic PB crystals on filter paper membrane surfaces via the aminated layers,and the successful fabrication of multi-layered PB overcoats via the increasing of aminated layers.The effect of PB layers on Tl+removal by PBx@PDA/PEI-FP from simulated drinking water was evaluated as well as the influence of different experimental conditions.A trade-off between PB decoration layer number and PB distribution sizes is existed in Tl+uptake by PBx@PDA/PEI-FP.The double-layered PB2@PDA/PEI-FP membrane showed the maximum sorption capacity,but its Tl+uptake performance was weakened by the acid,coexisting ions(K+and Na+)and powerful operation pressure,during filtrating a large volume of low-concentrated Tl+-containing water.However,the negative effect of coexisting ions on the Tl+uptake could be effectively eliminated in weak alkaline water,and the Tl+removal was increased up to 100%without any pressure driving for PB2@PDA/PEI-FP membrane.Most importantly,PB2@PDA/PEI-FP displayed the high-efficiency and high-selectivity in purifying the Tl+-spiked Pearl River water,in which the residual Tl+in filtrate was less than 2μg·L^(–1) to meet the drinking water standard of United States Environmental Protection Agency.This work provides a feasible avenue to safeguard the drinking water in remote and underdeveloped area via the energy-free operation.

关键词： membrane adsorption Prussian blue energy-free filtration potable water trace thallium(I)

Effects of operating conditions on iron(hydr)oxides evolution and ciprofloxacin degradation in potassium ferrate-ozone stepwise oxidation system

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第1期135卷 367-378页

作者： Xiaochen Li Yifan Wang Ning Wang Mei Li Maomao Bai Jingtao Xu Hongbo Wang school of Municipal and Environmental Engineering Shandong Jianzhu UniversityJinan 250101China Resources and Environment innovation Institute Shandong Jianzhu UniversityJinan 250101China

In this study,a stepwise oxidation system of potassium ferrate(K_(2)FeO_(4))combined with ozone(O+3)was used to degrade ciprofloxacin(CIP).The effects of pH and pre-oxidation time of K_(2)FeO_(4) on the evolution of K_(2)FeO_(4) reduction products(iron(hydr)oxides)and CIP degradation were investigated.It was found that in addition to its own oxidation capacity,K_(2)FeO_(4) can also influence the treatment effect of CIP by changing the catalyst content.The presence of iron(hydr)oxides effectively enhanced the mineralization rate of CIP by catalyzing ozonation.The pH value can influence the content and types of the components with catalytic ozonation effect in iron(hydr)oxides.The K_(2)FeO_(4) pre-oxidation stage can produce more iron(hydr)oxides with catalytic components for subsequent ozonation,but the evolution of iron(hydr)oxides components was influenced by O_(3) treatment.It can also avoid the waste of oxidation capacity owing to the oxidation of iron(hydr)oxides by O_(3) and free radicals.The intermediate degradation products were identified by Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry(FT-ICR-MS).Besides,the degradation pathways were proposed.Among the degradation products of CIP,the product with broken quinolone ring structure only appeared in the stepwise oxidation system.

关键词： Potassium ferrate reduction products Catalytic ozonation Ciprofloxacin Potassium ferrate pre-oxidation time