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Genomic Surveillance for SARS-CoV-2 Variants: Dominance of XBB Replacement — China, January–June 2023

China CDC weekly 2024年第15期6卷 324-331页

作者： Yenan Feng Qiudong Su Lili Li Xiaozhou He Peihua Niu Xiaojuan Guo Xiang Zhao Jing Tang Zhiyuan Jia Ji Wang Changcheng Wu Baicheng Xia Zhixiao Chen Yuchao Wu Jing Yang Songqi Chen Cao Chen Shiwen Wang Xiaoping Dong National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious diseases National Institute for Viral Disease Control and PreventionChinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijingChina NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral diseases National Institute for Viral Disease Control and PreventionChinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijingChina

Introduction:In the first half of 2023,a global shift was observed towards the predominance of XBB *** faced a significant epidemic between late 2022 and early 2023 due to Omicron subvariants BA.5.2 and *** study aims to depict the evolving variant distribution among provincial-level administrative divisions(PLADs)in China and explore the factors driving the predominance of XBB ***:Sequences from local and imported coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)cases recorded between January 1 and June 30,2023,were *** study analyzed the changing distribution of viral variants and assessed how the prior dominance of specific variants,XBB subvariants,and imported cases influenced the prevalence of the XBB replacement ***:A total of 56,486 sequences were obtained from local cases,and 8,669 sequences were from imported *** in April,there was a shift in the prevalence of XBB from imported to local cases,with varying dominance among *** PLADs previously high in BF.7,the rise of XBB was delayed.A positive correlation was found between XBB proportions in imported cases from January to March and local cases in *** distribution pattern of XBB subvariants differed between local and imported cases within the same *** significant differences were noted in the replacement rates of XBB ***:The timing of XBB dominance differed among various PLADs in China in the first half of 2023,correlating closely with the prevalence of XBB variants among imported cases.

关键词： dominance imported distribution

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Psychoactive Substance Use and the Impact on the AIDS Epidemic Among the MSM Population:a Meta-Analysis—Worldwide,2014-2023

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China CDC weekly 2024年第42期6卷 1086-1092,I0001-I0006页

作者： Donghang Luo Jie Xu Wei Luo National center for AIDS/STD control&prevention Chinese Center for Diseases Control and PreventionBeijingChina

What is already known about this topic?There is a correlation between psychoactive substance use and heightened human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)susceptibility in men who have sex with men(MSM)populations,although the precise impact on transmission risk remains *** is added by this report?In MSM populations,rush poppers and amphetamines are widely used,with rates of 10.91%and 9.97%.In China,rush poppers usage is notably higher at 47.26%.For other regions and coutries,amphetamines(12.86%),rush poppers(3.62%),and GHB(3.34%)are most ***,17%of MSM use psychoactive substances,with higher HIV risk from amphetamines[Odds ratio(OR)3.06]compared to rush poppers(OR 1.51)and general substances(OR 1.76).What are the implications for public health practice?This study supports the idea that targeting specific regions and types of psychoactive substances for reduction among MSM populations can help decrease HIV transmission as well as promote prevention strategies.

关键词： prevention precise Impact

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The Epidemiological Characteristics of Mpox Cases-China,2023

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China CDC weekly 2024年第26期6卷 619-623页

作者： Ruiqi Ren Chao Li Wenqing Bai Yali Wang Dan Li Fan Ding Niu Yan Qi Wang Nijuan Xiang Lianmei Jin Lei Zhou Wenling Wang Fan Lyu Peilong Li Dapeng Zhang Yan Li Quanyi Wang Qun Li Guoqing Shi National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious diseases Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijingChina Chinese center for Disease control and prevention BeijingChina National Institute for Viral Disease control and prevention Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijingChina National center for AIDS/STD control and prevention Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijingChina Guangdong Provincial center for Disease control and prevention Guangzhou CityGuangdong ProvinceChina Beijing Municipal center for Disease prevention and control BeijingChina

Summary What is already known about this topic?Since May 2022,a global outbreak of mpox has emerged in more than 100 non-endemic *** of December 2023,over 90,000 cases had been *** outbreak has predominantly affected men who have sex with men(MSM),with sexual contact identified as the principal mode of *** is added by this report?Since June 2023,China has faced an occurrence of mpox,predominantly affecting the MSM *** 90%of those affected reported engaging in homosexual behavior within 21 days prior to symptom onset,a trend that aligns with the global outbreak *** prompt identification of cases,diligent tracing of close contacts,and the implementation of appropriate management strategies have successfully mitigated the spread of mpox virus in *** are the implications for public health practice?We propose that mpox is transmitted locally within *** from our experiences in controlling the virus spread,it is crucial to investigate and formulate effective surveillance and educational ***,we must encourage high-risk populations to promptly seek medical care upon the onset of symptoms.

关键词： prompt Drawing spread

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First Case Report of Cystic Echinococcosis Caused by G7 Genotype Echinococcus intermedius Confirmed by Genetic Sequencing—Southern China,December 2023

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China CDC weekly 2024年第23期6卷 558-562页

作者： De Wu Jiayi Zhang Jieling Wang Yangyang Zhao Lei Wang Qiang Mao Haisen Lin Gang Yao Guanting Zhang Xu Wang Chuizhao Xue Ying Wang Jingdiao Chen Parasitic Disease prevention and control Institute Guangdong Center for Disease Control and PreventionGuangzhou CityGuangdong ProvinceChina Epidemic prevention and control Institute Zhuhai Center for Disease Control and PreventionZhuhai CityGuangdong ProvinceChina Department of prevention&Healthcare Zhuhai First People's HospitalZhuhai CityGuangdong ProvinceChina National Institute of Parasitic diseases Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention(Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research)ShanghaiChina

What is already known about this topic?Echinococcosis exhibits a global *** China,the primary endemic area is the northwest *** December 2023,we documented a case of echinococcosis in an individual lacking any travel or residential history in endemic *** is added by this report?This is the first laboratory-confirmed case of hepatic echinococcosis reported in Guangdong Province,associated with the G7 genotype of Echinococcus granulosus(***).The most probable mode of transmission is a local infection resulting from *** introduced from endemic *** are the implications for public health practice?As the circulation of agricultural products increases,it is essential to enhance the quarantine and management of livestock from epidemic areas to prevent and control the spread of echinococcosis to non-epidemic regions.

关键词： travel fir northwest

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Comparison of Three Influenza Surveillance Data Sources for Timely Detection of Epidemic Onset — Chengdu City, Sichuan Province and Beijing Municipality, China, 2017–2023

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China CDC weekly 2024年第36期6卷 918-923,I0004-I0006页

作者： Mingyue Pan Ying Shen Yao Wang Lu Long Xunbo Du Ying Sun Daitao Zhang Hui Yao Yonghong Liu Peng Yang Quanyi Wang Xiaoli Wang Liang Wang Beijing center for Disease prevention and control BeijingChina Beijing Research center for Respiratory Infectious diseases BeijingChina Chengdu center for Disease control and prevention Chengdu CitySichuan ProvinceChina

What is already known about this topic?The syndromic surveillance system,exemplified by the influenza-like illness(ILI)surveillance system,has long been crucial in providing early warnings of influenza *** is added by this report?The analysis revealed that employing reported influenza case data from the nationwide Notifiable Infectious diseases Reporting Information System(NIDRIS)enhanced the early detection of influenza epidemics,particularly within the context of multiple respiratory pathogens circulating *** are the implications for public health practice?The NIDRIS,characterized by its extensive coverage,obligatory reporting,high specificity,and real-time data transmission,offers a valuable tool for the effective early detection of influenza *** this system could enhance preparedness and responses to such health crises,potentially mitigating their impact on public health.

关键词： nationwide system specificity

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Emergence of Erythromycin-Resistant and Pertactin-and Filamentous Hemagglutinin-Deficient Bordetella pertussis Strains—Beijing,China,2022-2023

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China CDC weekly 2024年第20期6卷 437-441页

作者： Guilan Zhou Ying Li Hairui Wang Yuanyuan Wang Yuan Gao Juan Xu Fengshuang Wang Tao Peng Maojun Zhang Zhujun Shao National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious diseases National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and PreventionChinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijingChina Shunyi District center for Disease control and prevention BeijingChina

What is already known about this topic?Pertussis has reemerged as a significant public health threat,primarily due to variations in Bordetella pertussis strains,antimicrobial resistance,and vaccine *** is added by this report?All isolated strains were identified as ptxA1/ptxC2/ptxP3/prn150/fim2-1/fim3-1/fhaB1/tcfA2 type and exhibited resistance to erythromycin.

关键词： vaccine pertussis primarily

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Thirty Years of Experience of Acute Flaccid Paralysis Surveillance for Polio — China, 1993–2022

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China CDC weekly 2024年第16期6卷 344-349页

作者： Hong Yang Ning Wen Chunxiang Fan Fuzhen Wang Yong Zhang Lei Cao Shuangli Zhu Lixin Hao Dongmei Yan Lei Wang Quanwei Song Miao Wang Yifan Song Chao Ma Zhijie An Lance ERodewald Huaqing Wang Zundong Yin National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious diseases(NITFID) BeijingChina National Immunization Program Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijingChina Institute for Viral Disease control and prevention Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijingChina

Introduction:Detecting poliovirus infections proves to be highly challenging due to their asymptomatic nature and infectious potential,highlighting the crucial importance of effective detection methods in the context of polio eradication *** many countries,including China,the primary approach for identifying polio outbreaks has been through acute flaccid paralysis(AFP)*** this study,we conducted an evaluation spanning three decades(1993–2022)to assess the effectiveness of AFP surveillance in ***:Data on all AFP cases identified since 1993 and national-level AFP surveillance system quality indicators aligned with the World Health Organization(WHO)standards were collected for *** quality indicators assess surveillance sensitivity,completeness,timeliness of detection notification,case investigation,and laboratory *** sensitivity is determined by the non-polio AFP(NPAFP)detection rate among children under 15 years of ***:Between 1993 and 2022,a total of 150,779 AFP cases were identified and *** this pool,surveillance identified 95 cases of wild poliovirus(WPV)and 24 cases due to vaccinederived *** 1995 onwards,the detection rate of NPAFP cases consistently adhered to the WHO and national standards of≥1 case per 100,000,falling between 1.38 and *** in 1997,all timeliness indicators consistently achieved the criteria of 80%,apart from the consistency in meeting standards set for the rate of positive specimens sent to the national ***:AFP surveillance has been instrumental in China’s accomplishment of maintaining a polio-free *** ongoing adherence to key performance indicators,ensuring sensitivity and prompt specimen collection,demonstrates that AFP surveillance is proficient in detecting poliovirus in *** we move into the post-eradication phase,AFP surveillance remains crucial for the sustained absence of polioviruses in the long term.

关键词： sustained prompt surveillance

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Trends in Incidence of HIV and Syphilis Among Men Who Have Sex with Men—Tianjin Municipality,China,2013-2022

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China CDC weekly 2024年第27期6卷 651-657页

作者： Yan Guo Fangfang Chen Hui Gong Ziming Wu Xinying Zhang Tielin Ning Zhongquan Liu Jianyun Bai Long Li Jie Yang Fangning Zhao Jinyu Hou Maohe Yu Houlin Tang STD&AIDS control and prevention Section Tianjin Center for Disease Control and PreventionTianjinChina National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious diseases National Center for AIDS/STD Control and PreventionChinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijingChina STD&AIDS control and prevention department Tianjin Hongqiao District Center for Disease Control and PreventionTianjinChina Tianjin Shenlan Public Health Counseling Service center TianjinChina Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology of Infectious Disease Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and PreventionTianjinChina

Summary What is already known about this topic?Given the common modes of transmission,outbreaks of both human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)and syphilis are primarily observed in men who have sex with men(MSM).However,minimal research has been conducted to concurrently evaluate the rates and trends of HIV and syphilis incidence within this community in *** is added by this report?

关键词： Incidence primarily immunodeficiency

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Analysis of Epidemiological and Issues Encountered in Case Reports on Echinococcosis—China,2022

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China CDC weekly 2024年第6期6卷 100-104页

作者： Yan Kui Shuai Han Xiaojuan Zhang Guangzhong Shi Yale Yu Ruirui Li Peizheng Zhan Hongju Duan Wenbo Luo Benfu Li Shaoqi Ning Yalan Zhang Aiya Zhu Jingbo Xue National Institute of Parasitic diseases Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention(Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research)National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector BiologyWorld Health Organization Collaborating Center for Tropical DiseasesNational Center for International Research on Tropical DiseasesShanghaiChina Gansu Provincial center for Disease control and prevention Lanzhou CityGansu ProvinceChina The center for Disease control and prevention of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Urumuqi CityXinjiang Uygur Autonomous RegionChina Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps center for Disease control and prevention Urumuqi CityXinjiang Uygur Autonomous RegionChina Sichuan Provincial center for Disease control and prevention Chengdu CitySichuan ProvinceChina Qinhai Institute for Endemic Disease control and prevention Xining CityQinghai ProvinceChina Ningxia center for Disease control and prevention Yinchuan CityNingxia Hui Autonomous RegionChina Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region center for Comprehensive Disease control and prevention Hohhot CityInner Mongolia AutonomousChina Yunnan Institute of Parasitic diseases Puer CityYunnan ProvinceChina Shaanxi Provincial center for Disease control and prevention Xi'an CityShaanxi ProvinceChina Henan Provincial center for Disease control and prevention Zhengzhou CityHenan ProvinceChina Guizhou Provincial center for Disease control and prevention Guiyang CityGuizhou ProvinceChina

Summary What is already known about this topic?Echinococcosis is classified as a Class C infectious disease in *** is endemic in 370 counties located in the agricultural and pastoral regions of western *** is added by this report?This report provides a comprehensive overview of the cases of echinococcosis reported in China in *** a thorough evaluation conducted by provincial CDCs.

关键词： China Ech counties

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Establishment and Application of a Radiation Dose Rate Model for Nuclear Medicine Examinees

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China CDC weekly 2024年第23期6卷 553-557,I0019-I0025页

作者： Yuehua Hu Xinyu He Wenjia Zhao Lixin Ding Meiying You Zihan Li Xinyu Liu Miaomiao Wang Siyi Chen Ziwei Lu Lei Qu Kuke Ding Li Zhang Qiuxian Fu Office of Epidemiology Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijingChina Department of Oncology Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical UniversityJinan CityShandong ProvinceChina National Institute for Radiological Protection Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijingChina National center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease control and prevention Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijingChina Laboratory Animal center Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijingChina National Institute of Parasitic diseases Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionShanghaiChina Office of Public Health Management Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijingChina Hainan Medical University Haikou CityHainan ProvinceChina

Introduction:Traditional methods for determining radiation dose in nuclear medicine include the Monte Carlo method,the discrete ordinate method,and the point kernel integration *** study presents a new mathematical model for predicting the radiation dose rate in the vicinity of nuclear medicine ***:A new algorithm was created by combining the physical model of“cylinder superposition”of the human body with integral analysis to assess the radiation dose rate in the vicinity of nuclear medicine ***:The model accurately predicted radiation dose rates within distances of 0.1–3.0 m,with a deviation of less than 11%compared to observed *** model demonstrated greater accuracy at shorter distances from the radiation source,with a deviation of only 1.55%from observed values at 0.1 ***:The model proposed in this study effectively represents the spatial and temporal distribution of the radiation field around nuclear medicine patients and demonstrates good agreement with actual *** model has the potential to serve as a radiation dose rate alert system in hospital environments.

关键词： method. deviation cylinder

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