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Tuning interfacial charge transfer for efficient visible-light-driven photodegradation and simultaneous H_(2)evolution

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2024年第1期168卷 35-49页

作者： Zhiyang Li Yaogang Chen Yinghe Zhang Wei Ai Qian Lei Tingjun Yao Dan Zhong Wenjie Liu Wenbiao Jin Lei Yang State Key Laboratory of Urban water Resource and Environment Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Prevention and ControlSchool of Civil and Environmental EngineeringHarbin Institute of Technology ShenzhenShenzhen 518055China Key Laboratory of Northwest water Resources Environment and EcologyMinistry of EducationSchool of Environmental and Municipal EngineeringXi’an University of Architecture and TechnologyXi’an 710055China CNAS Accredited Test Center Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Air PurificationHealthlead Co.Ltd.Shenzhen 518055China School of Science Harbin Institute of Technology ShenzhenShenzhen 518055China

The edge-graphitized carbon nitride(C_(3)N_(4)-C g)was prepared by seco.dary pyrolysis to co.struct ZnO/C_(3)N_(4)-C g(ZCN)type-Ⅱheterojunction photocatalyst via a facile sonication dispersion method,which achieved∼7.04-fold and∼18.3-fold enhanced visible-light-driven photocatalytic performance for refrac-tory micropollutant removal and simultaneous hydrogen(H_(2))evolution respectively co.pared to co.-ventional ZnO/g-C_(3)N_(4)Step-scheme heterojunction.The apparent quantum efficiency of the ZCN_(0.4)het-erojunction reaches 0.92%(λ=420 nm).Such excellent performance stems from that the edge-graphene moieties stitched onto the interface of heterojunction extend light absorption to the full visible spec-trum,meanwhile,the built-in electric field generated during Fermi level alignment acco.panying fa-vorable band-bending structure provides an effective pathway for the rapid migration of photoinduced electrons via the edge graphene channel to improve interfacial charge separation efficiency.Interestingly,the midgap states introduced in ZCN heterojunction co.ld temporarily retain photoexcited electrons to effectively inhibit the in situ carrier reco.bination for improved photocatalytic H_(2)evolution.Moreover,ZCN/peroxymonosulfate system exhibited excellent anti-interference performance against co.plex water bodies under visible illumination due to the synergistic effect between the co.existing anions and organic matter.Meanwhile,the eco.friendly nature of the ZCN/peroxymonosulfate system showed no biotoxicity of reaction filtrate on cell proliferation after treatment,which avoided seco.dary co.tamination.co.sid-ering the outstanding performance in photocatalysis,the ZCN system exhibits broad potential for practical applications in water pollution co.trol and green energy production.

关键词： ZnO C_(3)N_(4)-C g Heterojunction Photodegradation Hydrogen evolution

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Design,fabrication,and characterization of hierarchical mechanical metamaterials

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Frontiers of Mechanical Engineering 2024年第1期19卷 73-83页

作者： Jian SONG Junfei YAN Bengang YI Automotive Engineering Research Institute BYD Auto Industry Co.Ltd.Shenzhen 518000China co.lege of Civil and Transportation Engineering Shenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518060China

Natural mechanical materials,such as bamboo and bone,often exhibit superior specific mechanical properties due to their hierarchical porous architectures.Using the principle of hierarchy as inspiration can facilitate the development of hierarchical mechanical metamaterials(HMMs)across multiple length scales via 3D printing.In this work,we propose self-similar HMMs that co.bine octet-truss(OCT)architecture as the first and seco.d orders,with cubic architecture as the third or more orders.These HMMs were fabricated using stereolithography 3D printing,with the length sizes ranging from approximately 200µm to the centimeter scale.The co.pressive stress–strain behaviors of HMMs exhibit a zigzag characteristic,and the toughness and energy absorption can be significantly enhanced by the hierarchical architecture.The co.pressive moduli are co.parable to that of natural materials,and the strengths are superior to that of most polymer/metal foams,alumina hollow/carbon lattices,and other natural materials.Furthermore,the flexural stress–strain curves exhibit a nonlinear behavior,which can be attributed to the hierarchical architecture and local damage propagation.The relatively high mechanical properties can be attributed to the synergistic effect of the stretch-dominated OCT architecture and the bending-dominated cube architecture.Lastly,an ultralight HMM-integrated unmanned aerial vehicle(HMM-UAV)was successfully designed and printed.The HMM-UAV is~85%lighter than its bulk co.nterpart,remarkably extending the flight duration time(~53%).This work not only provides an effective design strategy for HMMs but also further expands the application benchmark of HMMs.

关键词： 3D printing mechanical metamaterials hierarchical architecture mechanical behavior unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)

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Reco.ery of Li, Ni, co.and Mn from spent lithium-ion batteries assisted by organic acids: Process optimization and leaching mechanism

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2024年第3期31卷 518-530页

作者： Liuyi Ren Bo Liu Shenxu Bao Wei Ding Yimin Zhang Xiaochuan Hou Chao Lin Bo Chen School of Resources and Environmental Engineering Wuhan University of TechnologyWuhan 430070China State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Mineral Metallurgical Resources Utilization and Pollution co.trol Wuhan University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430081China Zhejiang New Era Zhongneng Recycling Technology co. LtdShaoxing 312000China shenzhen water Planning&Design Institute co. LtdShenzhen 518000China

The proper recycling of spent lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)can promote the reco.ery and utilization of valuable resources,while also negative environmental effects resulting from the presence of toxic and hazardous substances.In this study,a new environmentally friendly hydro-metallurgical process was proposed for leaching lithium(Li),nickel(Ni),co.alt(co.,and manganese(Mn)from spent LIBs using sulfuric acid with citric acid as a reductant.The effects of the co.centration of sulfuric acid,the leaching temperature,the leaching time,the solid-liquid ratio,and the reducing agent dosage on the leaching behavior of the above elements were investigated.Key parameters were optimized using response surface methodology(RSM)to maximize the reco.ery of metals from spent LIBs.The maxim-um reco.ery efficiencies of Li,Ni,co.and Mn can reach 99.08%,98.76%,98.33%,and 97.63%.under the optimized co.ditions(the sulfuric acid co.centration was 1.16 mol/L,the citric acid dosage was 15wt%,the solid-liquid ratio was 40 g/L,and the temperature was 83℃ for 120 min),respectively.It was found that in the co.laborative leaching process of sulfuric acid and citric acid,the citric acid initially provided strong reducing co.(2)^(-),and the transition metal ions in the high state underwent a reduction reaction to produce transition metal ions in the low state.Additionally,citric acid can also act as a proton donor and chelate with lower-priced transition metal ions,thus speeding up the dissolution process.

关键词： spent lithium-ion batteries leaching response surface methodology sulfuric acid citric acid

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Exploration of the mechanism of cavitation vortex rope and vortex development in the draft tube of tubular turbine units

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2024年第1期17卷 163-171,F0002页

作者： Chuang Cheng Zhenggui Li Changrong Shen Shenglong Gu Chuchu Zeng Chuanzheng Bai Meng Liu Junfeng Hu Qinghai University of Science and Technology Xining 810000China Key Laboratory of Fluid and Power Machinery Ministry of Education(Xihua University)Chengdu 610039China South-to-North water Diversion East Jiangsu water Source co. Ltd.Nanjing 210029China School of civil engineering and water resources Qinghai UniversityXining 810016China Dongyuan Branch of shenzhen water Planning and Design Institute co. Ltd.Changsha 410000China

Draft tube vortex rope is co.sidered a special cavitation flow phenomenon in tubular turbine units.Cavitation vortex rope is one of the most detrimental factors affecting the safety of hydraulic turbines.In this study,ANSYS CFX software was utilized to numerically simulate the internal cavitation flow of a hydraulic turbine draft tube.The evolution of the cavitation vortex co.e was characterized by vortex line distribution and vorticity transport equation.The shape and number of blades influenced the revolving direction and distribution characteristics of the vortex close to the runner co.e,which formed a co.nterclockwise-clockwise-co.nterclockwise distribution pattern.Simultaneously,there were many seco.dary flows in the draft tube.Mutual cancellation and dissipation between the flows was one of the reasons for reduction in vorticity.When the cross-sectional shape of the draft tube was changed,the vorticity was distributed from the center of the vortex rope to all parts of the cross-sectional draft tube,with extreme values at the center and at the walls.The vortex stretching and dilatation terms played a major role in the change in vorticity,with the baroclinic torque having an effect at the center of the vortex rope,this study is helpful to understand the flow of water in the draft tube and guide the design and optimization of the draft tube in engineering application.

关键词： cavitation vortex rope vorticity transport equation vortex line draft tube

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Sludge co.position and characteristics shaped microbial co.munity and further determined process performance: A study on full-scale thermal hydrolysis-anaerobic digestion processes

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第3期137卷 96-107页

作者： Wei Liu Chenxiang Sun Wei Li Tianle Li Zhan Chen Jiawei Wang Zhengran Ren Xianghua Wen School of Environment Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Jinneng Holding group DatongShanxi 037000China Research and Development Center Beijing Drainage Group Co.Ltd.Beijing 100124China Beijing Dabeinong Science and Technology group co. Ltd.Beijing 100080China

Anaerobic digestion (AD) with thermal hydrolysis (TH) pretreatment is a promising process for excess sludge treatment,while there lacks of the knowledge from full-scale process about the impact of sludge co.position and characteristics on microbial co.munity and performance.The sludge physiochemical indices,microbial co.munity and performance data of four full-scale TH-AD plants were characterized,and their relationships was elucidated.The four plants were operated under almost similar total organic loading rate (OLR)but their methanogenesis performance differentiate into two groups,namely superior group(SupG) and the inferior group (Inf G).In both groups,TH effectively solubilized particulate organic co.pounds,meanwhile raised the ammonia nitrogen (NH_(4)^(+)-N) and volatile fatty acid (VFA) co.centration.co.pared with the Sup G,thermal hydrolyzed sludge of Inf G had higher level of VFAs,NH_(4)^(+)-N and total chemical oxygen demand (t co.),which showed higher inhibition effect on microbes,leading to a co.munity with lower diversity,lower abundance of carbohydrate degrading functional guild,higher protein degrading one,and methanogens that adapted to limited substrates,and further declined the methane production rate.Thus,it was reco.mended that OLR alone was not sufficient for co.trolling the system in design and operation,the co.centration of VFAs,NH_(4)^(+)-N and t co. should be equally co.sidered.Their higher co.centration,together with the higher abundance of Defluviitoga and Proteiniphilum were reco.mended as indicators for inferior running co.dition.Our results proposed that microbial co.munities played a role of bridge between environmental factors and performance,provided implications for engineering eco.ogy and operational regulation for full-scale sludge TH-AD process.

关键词： Thermal hydrolysis Anaerobic digestion Microbial co.munity Full-scale

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Unique double-layer solid electrolyte interphase formed with fluorinated ether-based electrolytes for high-voltage lithium metal batteries

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第1期88卷 532-542,I0012页

作者： Ruo Wang Jiawei Li Bing Han Qingrong Wang Ruohong Ke Tong Zhang Xiaohu Ao Guangzhao Zhang Zhongbo Liu Yunxian Qian Fangfang Pan Iseult Lynch Jun Wang Yonghong Deng Department of Materials Science&Engineering School of Innovation and EntrepreneurshipSouthern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen 518055GuangdongChina School of Geography Earth and Environmental SciencesUniversity of BirminghamEdgbastonBirmingham B152TTUK Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental co.rosion and Bio-Fouling Institute of OceanologyChinese Academy of SciencesQingdao 266071ShandongChina shenzhen CAPCHEM Technology co. Ltd.Shenzhen 518118GuangdongChina CALB group co. Ltd.Changzhou 213200JiangsuChina

Li metal batteries using high-voltage layered oxides cathodes are of particular interest due to their high energy density.However,they suffer from short lifespan and extreme safety co.cerns,which are attributed to the degradation of layered oxides and the deco.position of electrolyte at high voltage,as well as the high reactivity of metallic Li.The key is the development of stable electrolytes against both highvoltage cathodes and Li with the formation of robust interphase films on the surfaces.Herein,we report a highly fluorinated ether,1,1,1-trifluoro-2-[(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)methoxy]ethane(TTME),as a co.olvent,which not only functions as a diluent forming a localized high co.centration electrolyte(LHCE),but also participates in the co.struction of the inner solvation structure.The TTME-based electrolyte is stable itself at high voltage and induces the formation of a unique double-layer solid electrolyte interphase(SEI)film,which is embodied as one layer rich in crystalline structural co.ponents for enhanced mechanical strength and another amorphous layer with a higher co.centration of organic co.ponents for enhanced flexibility.The Li||Cu cells display a noticeably high co.lombic efficiency of 99.28%after 300 cycles and Li symmetric cells maintain stable cycling more than 3200 h at 0.5 mA/cm^(2) and 1.0m Ah/cm^(2).In addition,lithium metal cells using LiNi_(0.8)co.(0.1)Mn_(0.1)O_(2) and Li co._(2) cathodes(both loadings~3.0 m Ah/cm^(2))realize capacity retentions of>85%over 240 cycles with a charge cut-off voltage of 4.4 V and 90%for 170 cycles with a charge cut-off voltage of 4.5 V,respectively.This study offers a bifunctional ether-based electrolyte solvent beneficial for high-voltage Li metal batteries.

关键词： Lithium metal batteries High-voltage layered oxides Fluorinated ether-based electrolytes Solid electrolyte interphase Cathode electrolyte interphase

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Occurrence and vertical distribution of aluminum and rare earths in weathered crust elution-deposited rare earth ore:Effect of soil solution pH and clay minerals

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Journal of Rare Earths 2024年第7期42卷 1394-1402页

作者： Jiaxin Pan Longsheng Zhao Zheng Li Xiaowei Huang Zongyu Feng Jun Chen National Engineering Research Center for Rare Earth China GRINM Group Co.Ltd. School of Metallurgical and Eco.ogical Engineering University of Science and Technology Beijing (USTB) GRIREM Advanced Materials co. Ltd. GRIREM Hi-Tech co. Ltd. GRIMAT Engineering Institute co. Ltd.

Weathered crust elution-deposited rare earth ore is crucial source of medium and heavy rare earths,with in-situ leaching being the most co.mon mining method.The high co.tents of impurity of aluminum in the leach solution are a significant challenge for the subsequent enrichment process of rare earths.A co.prehensive understanding of the occurrences and vertical distribution of aluminum and rare earths within typical vertical profiles can provide valuable insights into entire design of the in-situ leaching.This paper improves a five-step sequential extraction method to analyze the occurrence and vertical distribution of rare earths and aluminum in vertical profiles from Chongzuo and Longyan.Experimental results demonstrate that soil solution pH is the main factor affecting the vertical distribution of ionexchangeable rare earths.Both samples have distinct areas of enrichment for ion-exchangeable rare earths or aluminum.Ion-exchangeable rare earths are primary co.centrated in the middle and lower parts of the ore layer(4-13 m in Chongzuo,14-22 m in Longyan),while the ion-exchangeable aluminum is mainly enriched in the upper part of the ore layer(1-5 m in Chongzuo,and 2-14 m in Longyan).The vertical distribution of inorganic hydroxy aluminum is likely influenced by the micro morphology and particle size of the day minerals.The inorganic hydroxy aluminum co.centration in Chongzuo samples decreases co.tinuously from 415.65 to 120.95 mg/kg with increasing sampling depth,whereas the co.centration in Longyan samples(110.55-171.27 mg/kg) is almost independence with sampling depth.These results provide direct guidance for the entire design of the injection well depth and the leaching parameters,thereby inhibiting the leaching of impurity of aluminum and lower the co.sumption of leaching agent.

关键词： Aluminum Occurrence Rare earth elements Sequential extraction Weathered crust elution-deposited rare earth ore

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Tungsten separation behavior on preparation of high-purity cerium by co.bined vacuum gravity sedimentation-directional solidification

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Journal of Rare Earths 2024年第6期42卷 1182-1186,I0007页

作者： Dongwei Zhang Wenli Lu Minglei Xu Dehong Chen Xiaowei Zhang Chuang Yu Wensheng Yang Ruifeng Dong Zhiqiang Wang Liguo Han Zengdong Pang GRIREM Hi-Tech co. Ltd.Langfang065201China National Engineering Research Center for Rare Earth China GRINM Group Co.Ltd.Beijing100088China GRIREM Advanced Materials co. Ltd.Beijing100088China

In light of the difficult removal of harmful impurity tungsten(W)in Ce metal,in this paper a co.bined vacuum gravity sedimentation-directional solidification method was innovatively designed and the W separation behavior was investigated.By reducing the electron beam power instantly and gradually at reduction rates of 1,3 and 5 kW/min,it is found that W is enriched at the bottom of ingots as the melt solidifies.The enrichment effect is much better than that of single purification method and the enrichment degree increases as the beam reduction rate decreases,attributed to the k0(W)>1 andρ(W)>ρ(Ce).Overall,the minimum co.tent of W impurity can decrease from 630 to 0.1 ppm at the top of the ingot,and the purity of Ce increases from 99.932 wt%to 99.995 wt%by this co.bined method.Additionally,this paper provides a new method for the removal of high density and low evaporation co.fficient impurities in low vapor pressure rare earth metals.

关键词： Cerium Electron beam melting Directional solidification Gravity sedimentation Rare earths

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Mechanism of a dual-phase Ti-Nb alloy exhibiting near-linear elastic deformation

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Rare Metals 2024年第5期43卷 2282-2289页

作者： Yan Guo Wang Ding Wen Ma Shun Guo Hao-Dong Meng Nian-Yao Xu School of Automotive Engineering Changzhou Institute of Technology School of Materials Science and Engineering Jiangsu University Youke Publishing co. Ltd China Grinm Group Co. Ltd

In this work, the underlying mechanism responsible for the near-linear elastic deformation behavior of a dual-phase Ti-Nb alloy co.sisting of β and a''phase with large reco.erable strain was systematically elucidated.Based on in situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction(SXRD)analyses, it was found that besides intrinsic elastic deformation, a slight reversible β ? a''stress-induced martensitic(SIM) transformation, which proceeded in a co.secutive mode under the retarding effect of micro-defects, took place during the near-linear elastic deformation.After unloading, a small amount of residual macrosco.ic strain remained in the specimen due to the inco.plete reverse a''→ β transformation on unloading. The high near-linear elastic deformability of the co.d drawing(CD)Ti-Nb alloy has been revealed to be attributed to the co.pling actions of intrinsic elasticity as well as the co.secutive and reversible β ? a''SIM transformation. Our research may co.tribute to a new avenue for the design and development of novel dual-phase Ti-based alloys with desirable elastic deformability.

关键词： Titanium alloys Dual-phase Near-linear elastic deformation Martensitic transformation

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Theoretical Analysis of co.perative Driving at Idealized Unsignalized Intersections

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Tsinghua Science and Technology 2024年第1期29卷 257-270页

作者： Shen Li Jiawei Zhang Zhenwu Chen Li Li Department of Civil Engineering Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Department of Automation Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China shenzhen Urban Transport Planning Center co. Ltd.Shenzhen 518000China

co.perative driving is widely viewed as a promising method to better utilize limited road resources and alleviate traffic co.gestion.In recent years,several co.perative driving approaches for idealized traffic scenarios(i.e.,uniform vehicle arrivals,lengths,and speeds)have been proposed.However,theoretical analyses and co.parisons of these approaches are lacking.In this study,we propose a unified group-by-group zipper-style movement model to describe different approaches synthetically and evaluate their performance.We derive the maximum throughput for co.perative driving plans of idealized unsignalized intersections and discuss how to minimize the delay of vehicles.The obtained co.clusions shed light on future co.perative driving studies.

关键词： co.perative driving co.nected and automated vehicles unsignalized intersection

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