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Analysis of inpatient payments of breast cancer patients with different medical insurance coverages in China(mainland) in 2011–2015

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Chinese Journal of Cancer Research 2017年第5期29卷 419-425页

作者： Rui Li Liang Zhang Jinxia Yang Yue Cai Wanqing Chen Lan Lan Ming Xue Qun Meng School of Medicine and Health management Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science & Technology School of Public Health Administration Anhui Medical University center for Health Statistics and Information National Health and Family Planning Commission National Central Cancer Registry National Cancer Center/Cancer HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College West China School of Public Health Sichuan University

Objective： An understanding of the levels and trends of medical cost is made for breast cancer patients with different medical insurance coverages in China（mainland）, in an attempt to offer a clue to further control the ***： The inpatient payments of 9,716,180 breast cancer patients spent in medical institutions of different types and grades during 2011–2015 were collected from the inpatient medical record home page（IMRHP） *** data were then processed with SAS（Version 9.3; SAS Institute, Cary, NC, USA）. Indicators like means,increase（decrease） percentages were used to descriptively analyze the average hospitalization expense of each time（AHEET） and its trends of breast cancer patients with different medical insurance coverages treated in medical institutions of different types and ***：In 2011–2015,the AHEET borne by breast cancer patients in China had been constantly ***,the self-pay inpatients had the largest increase,inpatients covered by Urban Employee Basic Medical Insurance（UEBMI）and Urban Resident Basic Medical Insurance（URBMI）were the next,and those covered by New Rural Cooperative Medical System（NRCMS）had the least *** cancer inpatient treated in public hospitals had quite greater increase and higher expenditure level than those in private *** AHEET borne by the inpatients in Grade 3 hospitals had greater increase and higher cost than those in Grade 2 ***：The inpatient payments of breast cancer patients will be wisely controlled by reducing the number of self-pay inpatients,taking advantage of restriction mechanism of the medical insurances,and promoting healthy competition between private hospitals and public *** economic burden imposed on the society by breast cancer can be relieved through further control of inpatient payments of UEBMI-and URBMI-covered breast cancer patients and of Grade 3 hospitals.

关键词： Breast cancer inpatient payments medical insurance

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Bootstrapping data Envelopment Analysis of Efficiency and Productivity of County Public Hospitals in Eastern, Central, and Western China after the Public Hospital Reform

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Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology(Medical Sciences) 2017年第5期37卷 681-692页

作者：王曼丽方海清陶红兵程兆辉林小军蔡苗许昌蒋帅 Department of Health management School of Medicine and Health Management Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Administration Office Shenzhen People's Hospital 2nd Clinical Medical College of Jinan University Department of statistics and development research Chongqing Health Information Center Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics College for Public Health and Social Justice Saint Louis University

China implemented the public hospital reform in 2012. This study utilized bootstrapping data envelopment analysis（DEA） to evaluate the technical efficiency（TE） and productivity of county public hospitals in Eastern, Central, and Western China after the 2012 public hospital reform. data from 127 county public hospitals（39, 45, and 43 in Eastern, Central, and Western China, respectively） were collected during 2012–2015. Changes of TE and productivity over time were estimated by bootstrapping DEA and bootstrapping Malmquist. The disparities in TE and productivity among public hospitals in the three regions of China were compared by Kruskal–Wallis H test and Mann–Whitney U test. The average bias-corrected TE values for the four-year period were 0.6442, 0.5785, 0.6099, and 0.6094 in Eastern, Central, and Western China, and the entire country respectively, with average non-technical efficiency, low pure technical efficiency（PTE）, and high scale efficiency found. Productivity increased by 8.12%, 0.25%, 12.11%, and 11.58% in China and its three regions during 2012–2015, and such increase in productivity resulted from progressive technological changes by 16.42%, 6.32%, 21.08%, and 21.42%, respectively. The TE and PTE of the county hospitals significantly differed among the three regions of China. Eastern and Western China showed significantly higher TE and PTE than Central China. More than 60% of county public hospitals in China and its three areas operated at decreasing return scales. There was a considerable space for TE improvement in county hospitals in China and its three regions. During 2012–2015, the hospitals experienced progressive productivity; however, the PTE changed adversely. Moreover, Central China continuously achieved a significantly lower efficiency score than Eastern and Western China. Decision makers and administrators in China should identify the causes of the observed inefficiencies and take appropriate measures to increase the efficiency of county publ

关键词： county public hospital data envelopment analysis technical efficiency Malmquist productivity index bootstrapping

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Ensemble Classifier Design Based on Perturbation Binary Salp Swarm Algorithm for Classification

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2023年第4期135卷 653-671页

作者： Xuhui Zhu Pingfan Xia Qizhi He Zhiwei Ni Liping Ni School of management Hefei University of TechnologyHefei230009China School of Statistics Zhejiang Gongshang UniversityHangzhou310018China Key Laboratory of Process Optimization and Intelligent Decision-Making Ministry of EducationHefei230009China Collaborative Innovation center for Statistical data Engineering Technology and Application ZhejiangGongshang UniversityHangzhou310018China

Multiple classifier system exhibits strong classification capacity compared with single classifiers,but they require significant computational *** ensemble system aims to attain equivalent or better classification accuracy with fewer ***,current methods fail to identify precise solutions for constructing an ensemble *** this study,we propose an ensemble classifier design technique based on the perturbation binary salp swarm algorithm(ECDPB).Considering that extreme learning machines(ELMs)have rapid learning rates and good generalization ability,they can serve as the basic classifier for creating multiple candidates while using fewer computational ***,we introduce a combined diversity measure by taking the complementarity and accuracy of ELMs into account;it is used to identify the ELMs that have good diversity and low *** addition,we propose an ECDPB with powerful optimizing ability;it is employed to find the optimal subset of *** selected ELMs can then be used to forman ensemble *** on 10 benchmark datasets have been conducted,and the results demonstrate that the proposed ECDPB delivers superior classification capacity when compared with alternative methods.

关键词： Ensemble classifier salp swarmalgorithm diversity measure multiple classifiers system extreme learning machine

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Advancing index-based climate risk assessment to facilitate adaptation planning:Application in Shanghai and shenzhen,China

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Advances in Climate Change Research 2022年第3期13卷 432-442页

作者： Zhan TIAN Xin-Yang LYU Huan ZOU Hong-Long YANG Laixiang SUN Maria Sunyer PINYA Qing-Chen CHAO Ai-Qing FENG Ben SMITH School of Environmental Science and Engineering Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen 518055China Shanghai Institute of Technology Shanghai 200235China School of Finance and management SOAS University of LondonLondon WC1H 0XGUK shenzhen National Climate Observatory of Meteorological Bureau of shenzhen Municipality Shenzhen 518040China Department of Geographical Sciences University of MarylandCollege Park MD 20742USA Arup Group Limited London W1T 4BQUK National Climate center China Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 10081China China Meteorological Administration Climate Studies Key Laboratory Beijing 100081China

One of the key issues in climate risk management is to develop climate resilient infrastructure so as to ensure safety and sustainability of urban functioning systems as well as mitigate the adverse impacts associated with increasing climate ***,conventional methods of assessing risks do not fully address the interaction of various subsystems within the city system and are unable to consolidate diverse opinions of various stakeholders on their assessments of sector-specific risks posed by climate *** address this gap,this study advances an integrated-systems-analysis tool-Climate Risk Assessment of Infrastructure Tool(CRAIT),and applies it to analyze and compare the extent of risk factor exposure and vulnerability over time across five critical urban infrastructure sectors in Shanghai and shenzhen,two cities that have distinctive geo-climate profiles and histories of infrastructure *** results show significantly higher level of variation between the two cities in terms of vulnerability levels than that of *** specifically,the sectors of critical buildings,water,energy,and information&communication in shenzhen have significantly higher vulnerability levels than Shanghai in both the 2000s and the *** further discussed the vulnerability levels of subsystems in each sector and proposed twelve potential adaptation options for the roads system based on four sets of criteria:technical feasibility,flexibility,co-benefits,and policy *** application of CRAIT is bound to be a knowledge co-production process with the local experts and *** knowledge co-production process highlights the importance of management advancements and nature-based green solutions in managing climate change risk in the future though differences are observed across the efficacy categories due to the geographical and meteorological conditions in the two *** study demonstrates that this knowledge co-creation process is valuable

关键词： Climate risk assessment Megacities Resilient urban infrastructures Subsystem Knowledge co-creation process China

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Localization and Evaluation of Motor Vehicle Emission Simulator (MOVES) Model for Predicting the Emissions of Private Cars:a Case Study of shenzhen City,China

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Journal of Donghua University(English Edition) 2019年第3期36卷 247-254页

作者： CAO Yang CAO Gang GUO Yuanyuan HUANG Wenwei WANG Qian ZHU Rongshu OUYANG Feng shenzhen Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Prevention and Control Harbin Institute of Technology(Shenzhen)Shenzhen 518055China School of Automotive and Transportation Engineering Shenzhen PolytechnicShenzhen 518055China

Motor Vehicle emission simulator(MOVES)model was localized by changing the base emission rates in MySQL database of the model,and using the actual measured data for private cars in shenzhen City,*** performances of localized MOVES model and non-localized MOVES model were evaluated by comparing the predicted emission factors to the measured *** results showed that by localization of the base emission rates,the prediction accuracy of the localized MOVES model for hydrocarbon(HC)and nitrogen oxides(NO x)was significantly *** accuracy of the localized MOVES model simulations in the Opmode increased by 86%,88%and 71%for HC,76%,42%and 72%for NO x on arterial roads,expressways and *** carbon monoxide(CO),however,the simulation performance based on the average velocity mode on expressways and highways became poor after localization,with the decrease of 28%and 8%***,by the localization of the base emission rates,the relative errors of the simulated emission factors of HC,CO and NO x of private cars were less than 37%.

关键词： motor vehicle emission simulator (MOVES) model localization base emission rate vehicle emission factor

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Spatiotemporal distribution,environmental risk and carbon emission reduction potential of livestock manure in Shaanxi Province,China

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Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2024年第3期11卷 381-396页

作者： Mengyuan QIAO Jianchun ZHU Ronghua LI Junting PAN Ran XIAO Hailong WANG Kuok Ho Daniel TANG Zengqiang ZHANG College of Humanities&Social Development Northwest A&F UniversityYangling 712100China College of natural resources and Environment Northwest A&F UniversityKey Laboratory of Low-carbon Green Agriculture in Northwestern ChinaMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsYangling 712100China Key Laboratory of Non-point Source Pollution of Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional PlanningChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081China Interdisciplinary Research center for Agriculture Green Development in Yangtze River Basin College of Resources and EnvironmentSouthwest UniversityChongqing 400715China Biochar Engineering Technology Research center of Guangdong Province School of Environmental and Chemical EngineeringFoshan UniversityGuangdong 528000China Department of Environmental Science University of ArizonaTucsonAZ 85721USA

Shaanxi is a leading province in animal husbandry(AH)in ***,the lack of provincial information on the characteristics and utilization potential of livestock manure(LM)hinders crucial management ***,we investigated the spatiotemporal distribution,availability and biogas potential of LM in Shaanxi,and examine the carbon emission reduction potential of *** has been a 1.26-fold increase in LM quantities in Shaanxi over the past 35 years,reaching 4635.6×10^(4)t by *** was mainly concentrated in northern Shaanxi and the eastern part of *** and pig manure were the primary sources of LM,with the average LM land-load of 14.57 t·ha^(−1)in *** the overall AH in Shaanxi has not exceeded the environmental capacity,the actual scales of AH in Ankang and Hanzhong have already surpassed the respective environmental capacities,posing a higher risk of N and P *** 2021,the estimated biogas energy potential of LM was 1.2×10^(11)*** 2012 to 2021,the average carbon emission reduction potential in Shaanxi was 22%,with an average potential scale of 10%.The results of this research provide valuable data and policy recommendations for promoting the intensive use of LM and reducing carbon emissions in Shaanxi.

关键词： Livestock manure emission estimation N and P loads biogas potential carbon emission reduction

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Spatial quality： analysis of China＇s eco-environmental 1990-2010

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2013年第4期23卷 695-709页

作者：孙东琪张京祥胡毅蒋金亮周亮 School of Geographic and Oceanographic Sciences Nanjing University Nanjing 210093 China School of Architecture and Urban planning Nanjing University Nanjing 210093 China Urban-rural planning management center Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development Beijing100835 China

Over the past two decades in China, stress on the environment has increased continuously. This paper will assess the change in environmental quality over time, and its spatial variation using data from the statistical yearbooks of 31 provincial administrative regions in 1990, 1995, 2000, 2005, and 2010. These books provide a general assessment of the environment at the provincial level, and the three major economic regions from western to eastern China. By using the geographic information system （GIS） and SPSS, we analyzed the changing trend of China＇s eco-environment and calculated the changing trajectory in the gravity center of the eco-environmental quality. We conclude the following. （1） From 1990 to 2010, the rate of deterioration of the environment went down. We argue that the cause of this trend was neither the result as ＂the deterioration trend was under control＂ noticed by the government departments concerned, nor ＂the deterioration rate of the environment was increasingly intensified＂ suggested by many researchers. （2） Since 1990, the general environment has been worsening in China, but it was improved in some regions; however, the ecological deficit is still expanding and will last for a long time. （3） From western to eastern China, the deterioration rate of environmental quality was slowed down. The reasons include a good natural environment, a developed regional economy, and technology and finance in eastern China. （4） After extensive economic development in China, there are imbalances of population, economy, society, and the environment in the 31 provincial regions. The governments at all levels should play an important role in research and protecting the environment. In addition, it is imperative to implement positive measures such as controlling population, improving the environment, and promoting smart development to balance the socio-ecological system.

关键词： China ecological environment changes time-space analysis

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Intensive Versus Extensive Events?Insights from Cumulative Flood-Induced Mortality Over the Globe,1976–2016

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2020年第4期11卷 441-451页

作者： Bo Chen Fanya Shi Tingting Lin Peijun Shi Jing Zheng Key Laboratory of Environmental Change and natural Disaster Ministry of EducationFaculty of Geographical ScienceBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology Academy of Disaster Reduction and Emergency ManagementBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China Guangdong Climate center Guangzhou 510640China

More attention has been paid to the cost of intensive but sporadic floods than the cost of extensive but frequent *** examine the impacts of intensive versus extensive events,we investigated the loss structure of global flood-induced mortality by using the cumulative loss ratio,marginal benefit chart,and cumulative loss *** on the flood-induced mortality data for four decades(1976–2016)from the international disaster database EM-DAT,we defined the levels of flood loss according to the frequency of flood-induced deaths,and calculated the cumulative mortality and the marginal benefits of flood loss prevention practices at different *** analysis showed that for the world’s leading 30 countries with large flood-induced mortality and different levels of development:(1)70%of them have the cumulative deaths from extensive floods exceeding half of those caused by intensive floods in the study’s four data decades;and(2)80%of them tend to gain less marginal benefit with increasing levels of flood prevention,with their marginal benefits peaking at loss prevention levels of 2-year or 5-year flood-induced *** results indicate that,in the long run,the cumulative deaths of extensive floods are comparable to that of intensive events,and prevention of loss from extensive events can be an efficient way to reduce the total *** flood risk management under conditions of climate change,extensive loss events deserve more consideration.

关键词： Cumulative loss Extensive flood Flood-induced mortality Intensive flood Marginal benefit

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Plasma tailoring in WTe_(2)nanosheets for efficiently boosting hydrogen evolution reaction

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2021年第19期78卷 170-175页

作者： Xin Wang Jun Wang Bin Wei Nan Zhang Junyuan Xu Hongwei Miao Lifeng Liu Chenliang Su Ying Li Zhongchang Wang International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronics Science and Technology of Ministry of Education Institute of Microscale OptoelectronicsShenzhen UniversityShenzhen518060China International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory(INL) Avenida Mestre Jose Veiga4715-330BragaPortugal Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Engineering and Quantum Materials Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Efficient Green Energy and Environment Protection MaterialsGuangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Wastewater Management and TreatmentSchool of EnvironmentSchool of Physics and Telecommunication EngineeringSouth China Normal UniversityGuangzhou510006China School of Electrical Engineering and Automation Wuhan UniversityWuhan430000China

2D transition metal dichalcogenides(TMDs)have been considered as promising non-precious electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction(HER).However,their limited active sites and poor electric conductivity pose a significant hurdle to their HER performance,resulting in a large ***,we report the defect engineering in ultrathin tungsten telluride(WTe_(2))nanosheets with semimetal nature to improve hydrogen evolution *** find that the oxygen plasma etching imposes a cutting effect on WTe_(2)nanosheets,resulting in a large number of tungsten ***,the sample after plasma treatment for 10 min shows a feather-like structure with an overpotential of 251m V at 10 m A/cm~2and a Tafel slope of 94 m V/dec,which is 4 times lower than the Tafel slope of pristine *** first-principles calculations shed light on the evolution of defect-rich WTe_(2)nanosheets and offer rational explanation to their superiority in efficient hydrogen evolution.

关键词： Defects WTe_(2) Hydrogen evolution reaction Plasma etching Electrocatalysts

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Regional Variability of the Effects of Land Use Systems on Soil Properties

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Agricultural Sciences in China 2007年第11期6卷 1369-1375页

作者： WU Wen-bin YANG Peng TANG Hua-jun Ongaro Luca Shibasaki Ryosuke Institute of Agricultural resources and Regional planning Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences~Key Laboratory of Resources Remote Sensing ＆ Digital Agriculture Ministry of Agriculture Beijing 100081 P.R.China center for Spatial Information Science University of Tokyo Tokyo 153-8505 Japan centerfor Climate System Research University of Tokyo Chiba 277-8568 Japan Istituto Agronomico Per L＇Oltremare Florence 4-50131 Italy

In order to explore the regional variability of the effects of land use systems on soil properties, Shouyang County in Shanxi Province and Danling County in Sichuan Province of China were selected as the study areas. Field soil samples of the four land use systems （natural forest, forest plantation, shrubland, and cropland） were collected, respectively, from the two areas. The general statistical tools were used to analyze soil data. The results showed that the influence of land use systems on soil properties was significant. In general, soils in slightly human-disturbed land use systems presented a higher fertility level than those in strongly human-disturbed land use systems in both areas. Furthermore, the impacts of the same land use systems on soil properties showed a distinct regional variability, and even in the same land use system, different farming systems and site management measures （such as irrigation, fertilization, and pesticides） could also lead to the regional heterogeneity in soil properties. The regional variability of land use effects on soil properties reveals the regional variability of the effects of human activities on environmental changes, and could explain the complex relationship between humans and the natural environment in certain ways.

关键词： land use system soil property regional variability human activity

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