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Several major issues concerning the environmental transmission and risk prevention of SARS-CoV-2

Science China Earth Sciences 2022年第6期65卷 1047-1056页

作者： Jin MA Jian XU Xiaoli ZHAO Shouliang HUO Xiaoli DUAN Yunsong MU Ying WANG Yuan WEI Jiang CHANG Xiaowei JIN Fengchang WU State Key Laboratory of environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment Chinese Research Academy of Environmental SciencesBeijing 100012China School of Energy and environmental Engineering University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China School of Environment and Nature Resource Renmin University of ChinaBeijing 100872China School of Space and Environment Beihang UniversityBeijing 102206China China National environmental monitoring centre Beijing 100012China

Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19) is the most serious infectious disease pandemic in the world in a century, and has had a serious impact on the health, safety, and social and economic development of all mankind. Since the earth entered the“Anthropocene”, human activities have become the most important driving force of the evolution of the earth system. At the same time, the epidemic frequency of major human infectious diseases worldwide has been increasing, with more than 70% of novel diseases having zoonotic origins. The review of several major epidemics in human history shows that there is a common rule, i.e., changes in the natural environment have an important and profound impact on the occurrence and development of epidemics. Therefore, the impact of the natural environment on the current COVID-19 pandemic and its mechanisms have become scientific issues that need to be resolved urgently. From the perspective of the natural environment, this study systematically investigated several major issues concerning the environmental transmission and risk prevention of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2). From a macroscopic temporal and spatial scale, the research focus on understand the impact of the destruction of the natural environment and global changes on the outbreak of infectious diseases;the threat of zoonotic diseases to human health;the regularity for virus diffusion, migration and mutation in environmental media;the mechanisms of virus transmission from animals and environmental media to humans;and environmental safety, secondary risk prevention and control of major epidemics. Suggestions were made for future key research directions and issues that need attention, with a view to providing a reference for the prevention and control of the global coronavirus disease 2019, and to improving the ability of response to major public health emergencies.

关键词： SARS-CoV-2 environmental transmission Risk prevention Zoonotic diseases Ecological security

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Distribution and transport characteristics of fine particulate matter in beijing with mobile lidar measurements from 2015 to 2018

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2022年第5期34卷 65-75页

作者： Lihui Lv Tianshu Zhang Yan Xiang Wenxuan Chai Wenqing Liu Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province Institutes of Physical Science and Information TechnologyAnhui UniversityHefei 230601China Key Laboratory of environmental Optics and Technology Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine MechanicsChinese Academy of SciencesHefei 230031China China National environmental monitoring centre Beijing 100012China

Accurately quantifying the concentration and transport flux of atmospheric fine particu-late matter(PM_(2.5))is vital when attempting to thoroughly identify the pollution formation mechanism.In this study,the mobile lidar measurements in Beijing on heavily polluted days in December from 2015 to 2018 are presented.The lidar was mounted on a vehicle,which could perform measurements along designated routes.On the basis of mobile lidar mea-surements along closed circuits of the 6th Ring Road around Beijing,the spatial distribution and transport flux of PM_(2.5) in Beijing were determined with information of wind field.In the spatial distribution,both the concentration and transport of PM_(2.5) were revealed to be more significant in the southern section of Beijing.The regional transport layer at heights<1.3 km plays an important role in pollution formation.The maximum transport flux reached 1600μg/(m^(2)*sec)on 11 December 2016.With the aerosol boundary layer height determined from the image edge detection(IED)method,the inter-annual variations of the aerosol boundary layer height(ABLH)were also analysed.The ABLH decreased from 0.73 to 0.46 km during the same heavy pollution period from 2015 to 2018.Increasingly adverse aerosol boundary layer(ABL)meteorological factors,including lower ABLH,light winds,temperature inversions,and accumulated moisture,have become necessary for pollution formation in Beijing.

关键词： Aerosol PM_(2.5) Regional transport Lidar Mobile measurement

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Regionalization based on spatial and seasonal variation in ground-level ozone concentrations across China

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2018年第5期30卷 179-190页

作者： Linjun Cheng Shuai Wang Zhengyu Gong Hong Li Qi Yang Yeyao Wang School of Water Resources and Environment China University of Geosciences China National environmental monitoring Center State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Quality Control in Environmental Monitoring Lancaster Environment centre Lancaster University

Owing to the vast territory of China and strong regional characteristic of ozone pollution,it＇s desirable for policy makers to have a targeted and prioritized regulation and ozone pollution control strategy in China based on scientific evidences. It＇s important to assess its current pollution status as well as spatial and temporal variation patterns across China.Recent advances of national monitoring networks provide an opportunity to insight the actions of ozone pollution. Here, we present rotated empirical orthogonal function（REOF）analysis that was used on studying the spatiotemporal characteristics of daily ozone concentrations. Based on results of REOF analysis in pollution seasons for 3 years＇ observations, twelve regions with clear patterns were identified in China. The patterns of temporal variation of ozone in each region were separated well and different from each other, reflecting local meteorological, photochemical or pollution features. A rising trend in annual averaged Eight-hour Average Ozone Concentrations（O3-8 hr） from 2014 to 2016 was observed for all regions, except for the Tibetan Plateau. The mean values of annual and 90 percentile concentrations for all 338 cities were 82.6 ± 14.6 and 133.9 ± 25.8 μg/m3,respectively, in 2015. The regionalization results of ozone were found to be influenced greatly by terrain features, indicating significant terrain and landform effects on ozone spatial correlations. Among 12 regions, North China Plain, Huanghuai Plain, Central Yangtze River Plain, Pearl River Delta and Sichuan Basin were realized as priority regions for mitigation strategies, due to their higher ozone concentrations and dense population.

关键词： Ozone Spatiotemporal variability REOF Regionalizstion

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Depth profiles of lithogenic and anthropogenic mercury in the sediments from Thane Creek,Mumbai,India

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International Journal of Sediment Research 2014年第3期29卷 431-439页

作者： S.K.SAHU R.C.BHANGARE M.TIWARI P.Y.AJMAL G.G.PANDIT environmental monitoring and Assessment Section Bhabha Atomic Research Centre environmental.monitoring and Assessment Section Bhabha Atomic Research Centre

Mercury(Hg) is well known as one of the most toxic elements to man.The coastal environments adjacent to industrial areas are reported to often be contaminated with mercury.Mercury becomes more toxic in the form of methylmercury(Me-Hg) which is converted from inorganic mercury in aqueous systems by microbial activity and can bio-magnify through the food chain.A simple method for the determination of total mercury and methylmercury in sediments was optimized by slightly modifying an old method using the direct mercury analyzer technique.Core sediment samples from Thane Creek,Mumbai,India were collected and analysed for total mercury and methylmercury.The Hg concentration in the creek varied between 0.54 to 16.03 μg gwhile Me-Hg concentrations ranged between0.04 to 1.07 μg g.In surface sediment,mercury concentrations ranged from 4.33 μg gto 12.16μg g.Total organic carbon content was found to be around 2 percent in different layers of the sediments.The enrichment factors,which indicate the extent of pollution in sediments,were estimated to range from 26 to 50 at different locations in the creek.Lithogenic and anthropogenic concentrations of mercury in the creek were also determined to compare the impact of anthropogenic and natural sources.Anthropogenic inventories were about 5-70 times more in concentration than the lithogenic in the different core sediments.

关键词： Total mercury Methylmercury Enrichment factor Anthropogenic concentration TOC

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Effects of Rest Grazing on Organic Carbon Storage in Stipa grandis Steppe in Inner Mongolia, China

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2014年第3期13卷 624-634页

作者： LI Yu-jie ZHU Yan ZHAO Jian-ning LI Gang WANG Hui LAI Xin YANG Dian-lin environmental Protection and monitoring Institute Ministry of Agriculture Horticulture College Shenyang Agricultural University

This study was aimed to evaluate the potential effects of rest grazing on organic carbon storage in Stipa grandis steppe of Inner Mongolia, China. Using potassium dichromate heating method, we analyzed the organic carbon storage of plant and soil in Stipa grand＆ steppe after rest grazing for 3, 6, and 9 yr. The results indicated that as the rest grazing ages prolonged, the biomass of aboveground parts, litter and belowground plant parts （roots） of the plant communities all increased, meanwhile the C content of the biomass increased with the rest grazing ages prolonging. For RG0, RG3a, RG6a, and RG9a, C storage in aboveground vegetation were 60.7, 76.9, 82.8 and 122.2 g C m2, respectively; C storage of litter were 5.1, 5.8, 20.4 and 25.5 g C m^-2, respectively; C storage of belowground roots （0-100 cm） were 475.2, 663.0, 1 115.0 and 1 867.3 g C m^-2, respectively; C storage in 0-100 cm soil were 13.97, 15.76, 18.60 and 32.41 kg C m^-2, respectively. As the rest grazing ages prolonged, the organic C storage in plant communities and soil increased. The C storage ofbelowground roots and soil organic C was mainly concentrated in 0-40 cm soil body. The increased soil organic C for RG3a accounted for 89.8% of the increased carbon in vegetation-soil system, 87.2% for RG6a, and 92.6% for RG9a. From the perspective of C sequestration cost, total cost for RG3a, RG6,, and RG9a were 2 903.4, 5 806.8 and 8 710.2 CNY haq, respectively. The cost reduced with the extension of rest grazing ages, 0.15 CNY kg^-1 C for RG3a, 0.11 CNY kg-~ C for RG6a and 0.04 CNY kg℃ for RG9a. From the growth characteristics of grassland plants, the spring was one of the two avoided grazing periods, timely rest grazing could effectively restore and update grassland vegetation, and was beneficial to the sustainable use of grassland. Organic C storage for RG9a was the highest, while the cost of C sequestration was the lowest. Therefore, spring rest grazing should be encouraged because it was proved to be a very efficient grassland use pattern.

关键词： rest grazing Stipa grandis steppe organic carbon density organic carbon storage carbon sequestration benefits

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Temporal-spatial risk assessment of COVID-19 under the influence of urban spatial environmental parameters:The case of shenyang city

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Building Simulation 2023年第5期16卷 683-699页

作者： Sui Li Zhe Li Yixin Dong Tiemao Shi Shiwen Zhou Yumeng Chen Xun Wang Feifei Qin School of Architecture and Planning Shenyang Jianzhu UniversityShenyangLiaoning 110168China Institute of Ecological Urban Planning and Green Building Shenyang Jianzhu UniversityShenyangLiaoning 110168China School of Architecture Tianjin UniversityTianjin 300072China Institute of Spatial Planning and Design Shenyang Jianzhu UniversityShenyangLiaoning 110168China School of Science Shenyang Jianzhu UniversityShenyangLiaoning 110168China

Respiratory infection is the main route for the transmission of coronavirus pneumonia,and the results have shown that the urban spatial environment significantly influences the risk of infection.Based on the Wells-Riley model of respiratory infection probability,the study determined the human respiratory-related parameters and the effective influence range;extracted urban morphological parameters,assessed the ventilation effects of different spatial environments,and,combined with population flow monitoring data,constructed a method for assessing the risk of Covid-19 respiratory infection in urban-scale grid cells.In the empirical study in shenyang city,a severe cold region,urban morphological parameters,population size,background wind speed,and individual behavior patterns were used to calculate the distribution characteristics of temporal and spatial concomitant risks in urban areas grids under different scenarios.The results showed that the correlation between the risk of respiratory infection in urban public spaces and the above variables was significant.The exposure time had the greatest degree of influence on the probability of respiratory infection risk among the variables.At the same time,the change in human body spacing beyond 1 m had a minor influence on the risk of infection.Among the urban morphological parameters,building height had the highest correlation with the risk of infection,while building density had the lowest correlation.The actual point distribution of the epidemic in shenyang from March to April 2022 was used to verify the evaluation results.The overlap rate between medium or higher risk areas and actual cases was 78.55%.The planning strategies for epidemic prevention and control were proposed for the spatial differentiation characteristics of different risk elements.The research results can accurately classify the risk level of urban space and provide a scientific basis for the planning response of epidemic prevention and control and the safety of public activities.

关键词： COVID-19 virus infection rate GIS data simulations urban morphological parameters analysis infection risk assessment epidemic containment planning

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Ecological thresholds of phytoplankton community across environmental gradients in the harmful algal blooms-frequently-occurring,subtropical coastal waters,East China Sea

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2021年第6期40卷 100-110页

作者： Ran Ye Chunying Ge Qiong Wang Qing Xu Guofeng Xu Yongkang Yan Mingli Qin Yanhong Cai Yuejun Fei Marine environmental monitoring centre of Ningbo Ningbo 315012China

Phytoplankton communities can response immediately and directly to environmental changes,and thus have been applied as reliable biotic indicators in aquatic systems.This study provided insights into the relationships concerning ecological thresholds of phytoplankton communities and individual taxon in response to environmental changes in coastal waters of northern Zhejiang Province,East China Sea.Results demonstrated that there existed seasonal variations of phytoplankton community ecological thresholds of which spring being higher than those in summer.As for individual species,Prorocentrum donghaiense and Noctiluca scintillans were identified as the most tolerant and sensitive indicator species in spring and summer,respectively.They exhibited strong indications in response to environmental changes.These findings highlighted that phytoplankton community structure in this region was stable when environmental gradients were below the thresholds of sensitive species,whereas potential harmful algal blooms may occur when environmental gradients exceeded the thresholds of tolerant species.

关键词： ecological thresholds phytoplankton community environmental gradients indicator species coastal waters of northern Zhejiang Province

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Photoreduction adjusted surface oxygen vacancy of Bi_(2)MoO_(6) for boosting photocatalytic redox performance

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Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2023年第12期17卷 1937-1948页

作者： Tie Shi Hailong Jia Yanmei Feng Bo Gong Daimei Chen Yu Liang Hao Ding Kai Chen Derek Hao Beijing Key Laboratory of Materials Utilization of Nonmetallic Minerals and Solid Wastes National Laboratory of Mineral MaterialsSchool of Materials Science and TechnologyChina University of GeosciencesBeijing 100083China School of Materials Science and Technology Shenyang University of Chemical TechnologyShenyang 110142China Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoringand Pollution Control School of Environmental Science and EngineeringNanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing 210044China centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater(CTWW) School of Civil and Environmental EngineeringUniversity of Technology Sydney(UTS)NSW 2007Australia

In this study, Bi_(2)MoO_(6) with adjustable rich oxygen vacancies was prepared by a novel and simple solvothermal-photoreduction method which might be suitable for a large-scale production. The experiment results show that Bi_(2)MoO_(6) with rich oxygen vacancies is an excellent photocatalyst. The photocatalytic ability of BMO-10 is 0.3 and 3.5 times higher than that of the pristine Bi_(2)MoO_(6) for Rhodamine B degradation and Cr(VI) reduction, respectively. The results display that the band energy of the samples with oxygen vacancies was narrowed and the light absorption was broadened. Meanwhile, the efficiency of photogenerated electron-holes was increased and the separation and transfer speed of photogenerated carriers were improved. Therefore, this work provides a convenient and efficient method to prepare potential adjustable oxygen vacancy based photocatalysts to eliminate the pollution of dyes and Cr(VI) in water.

关键词： Bi_(2)MoO_(6) oxygen vacancies photoreduction Cr(VI) RhB

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Relationship between atmospheric pollutants and risk of death caused by cardiovascular and respiratory diseases and malignant tumors in shenyang, China, from 2013 to 2016: an ecological research

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Chinese Medical Journal 2019年第19期132卷 2269-2277页

作者： Shu-Yue Xia De-Sheng Huang Hui Jia Yan Zhao Nan Li Ming-Qing Mao Hong Lin Yun-Xia Li Wei He Long Zhao Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine Affiliated Central Hospital of Shenyang Medical CollegeShenyangLiaoning 110024China Department of Mathematics School of Fundamental SciencesChina Medical UniversityShenyangLiaoning 110001China shenyang environmental monitoring Center ShenyangLiaoning 110169China

Background:Air pollutants and their pathogenic effects differ among regions and seasons.We aimed to explore the relationship between fine particulate matter(PM2.5),sulfur dioxide(SO2),and ozone-8 hours(O3-8h)concentrations in heating and non-heating seasons and the associated death risk due to cardiovascular diseases(CDs),respiratory diseases(RDs),and malignant tumors.Methods:Data were collected in shenyang,China,from April 2013 to March 2016.We analyzed the correlation or lagged effect of atmospheric pollutant concentration,meteorological conditions,and death risk due to disorders of the circulatory system,respiratory system,and malignant tumor in heating and non-heating seasons.We also used multivariate models to analyze the association of air pollutants during holidays with the death risk due to the evaluated diseases while considering the presence or absence of meteorological factors.Results:An increase in the daily average SO2 concentration by 10μg/m^3 increased the death risk by CDs,which reached a maximum of 2.0%(95%confidence interval[CI]:1.3%–2.7%)on lagging day 4 during the non-heating season and 0.2%(95%CI:0.1%-0.4%)on lagging day 3 during the heating season.The risk of death caused by RDs peaked on lagging day 1 by 0.8%(95%CI:0.4%–1.2%)during the heating season.An increase in O3-8h concentration by 10μg/m^3 increased the risk of RD-related death on lagging day 2 by 1.0%(95%CI:0.4%–1.7%)during the non-heating season,which was significantly higher than the 0.1%(95%CI:0–0.9%)increase during the heating season.Further,an increase in the daily average PM2.5 concentration by 10μg/m^3 increased the risk of death caused by RDs by 0.3%and 0.8%during heating and non-heating seasons,respectively,which peaked on lagging day 0.However,air pollution was not significantly associated with the risk of death caused by malignant tumors.Conclusion:Short-term exposure to PM2.5,SO2,and O3 during the non-heating season resulted in higher risks of CD-related death,followed by RD-related death.

关键词： Air pollutants Cardiovascular diseases Respiratory diseases Risk of death

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An open compute and data federation as an alternative to monolithic infrastructures for big Earth data analytics

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Big Earth Data 2023年第3期7卷 812-830页

作者： Björn Backeberg ZdeněkŠustr Enol Fernández Gennadii Donchyts Arjen Haag J.B.Raymond Oonk Gerben Venekamp Benjamin Schumacher Stefan Reimond Charis Chatzikyriakou Deltares DelftThe Netherlands Nansen environmental and Remote Sensing Center BergenNorway CESNET PragueCzech Republic EGI Foundation AmsterdamThe Netherlands SURF/SURFsara AmsterdamThe Netherlands Earth Observation Data centre for Water Resources monitoring GmbH ViennaAustria

An adequate compute and storage infrastructure supporting the full exploitation of Copernicus and Earth Observation datasets is currently not available in Europe.This paper presents the cross-disciplinary open-source technologies being leveraged in the C-SCALE project to develop an open federation of compute and data providers as an alternative to monolithic infrastructures for processing and analysing Copernicus and Earth Observation data.Three critical aspects of the federation and the chosen technologies are elaborated upon:(1)federated data discovery,(2)federated access and(3)software distribution.With these technologies the open federation aims to provide homogenous access to resources,thereby enabling its users to generate meaningful results quickly and easily.This will be achieved by abstracting the complexity of infrastructure resource access provisioning and orchestration,including discovery of data across distributed archives,away from the end-users.Which is needed because end-users wish to focus on analysing ready-to-use data products and models rather than spending their time on the setup and maintenance of complex and heterogeneous IT infrastructures.The open federation will support processing and analysing the vast amounts of Copernicus and Earth Observation data that are critical for the implementation of the Destination Earth resp.Digital Twins vision for a high precision digital model of the Earth to model,monitor and simulate natural phenomena and related human activities.

关键词： Open compute and data federation big Earth data analytics federated data discovery federated access software distribution

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