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The levels, sources and reactivity of volatile organic compounds in a typical urban area of Northeast China

Journal of environmental sciences 2019年第5期31卷 121-134页

作者： Zhuobiao Ma Chengtang Liu Chenglong Zhang Pengfei Liu Can Ye Chaoyang Xue Di Zhao Jichen Sun Yiming Du Fahe Chai Yujing Mu Research Center for Eco-environmental sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese academy of sciences Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment Institute of Urban Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenyang Academy of Environmental Sciences shenyang environmental Monitoring Centre Chinese Research academy of environmental sciences

Air concentrations of volatile organic compounds(VOCs) were continually measured at a monitoring site in shenyang from 20 August to 16 September 2017. The average concentrations of alkanes, alkenes, aromatics and carbonyls were 28.54, 6.30, 5.59 and9.78 ppbv, respectively. Seven sources were identified by the Positive Matrix Factorization model based on the measurement data of VOCs and CO. Vehicle exhaust contributed the most(36.15%) to the total propene-equivalent concentration of the measured VOCs,followed by combustion emission(16.92%), vegetation emission and secondary formation(14.33%), solvent usage(10.59%), petrochemical industry emission(9.89%), petrol evaporation(6.28%), and liquefied petroleum gas(LPG) usage(5.84%). Vehicle exhaust, solvent usage and combustion emission were found to be the top three VOC sources for O_3 formation potential, accounting for 34.52%, 16.55% and 11.94%, respectively. The diurnal variation of the total VOCs from each source could be well explained by their emission characteristics,e.g., the two peaks of VOC concentrations from LPG usage were in line with the cooking times for breakfast and lunch. Wind rose plots of the VOCs from each source could reveal the possible distribution of the sources around the monitoring site. The O_3 pollution episodes during the measurement period were found to be coincident with the elevation of VOCs, which was mainly due to the air parcel from the southeast direction where petrochemical industry emission was found to be dominant, suggesting that the petrochemical industry emission from the southeast was probably a significant cause of O_3 pollution in shenyang.

关键词： Volatile organic compounds Source apportionment Photochemical ozone formation Field measurement

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Influence of pH on short-cut denitrifying phosphorus removal

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Water Science and Engineering 2018年第1期11卷 17-22页

作者： Wei Li Hui-yan Zhang Hui-zhi Sun Fei Zeng Yu-nan Gao Lei Zhu School of Municipal and environmental Engineering Shenyang Jianzhu UniversityShenyang 110168China Shenyang Academy of Environmental Sciences Shenyang 110167China

Through a series of experiments using denitrifying phosphorus-accumulating sludge in sequencing batch reactors （SBRs）, the variations of the intracellular polymers during the anaerobic phosphorus release process at different pH values were compared, the probable reasons for different performances of phosphorus removal were examined, and system operations in a typical cycle were investigated. The results show that the phosphorus removal rate was positively correlated with pH values in a range of 6.5-8.5. When the pH value was 8.0, the anaerobic phosphorus release rate and anoxic phosphorus uptake rate of the activated sludge were 20.95 mg/（g, h） and 23.29 mg/（g, h）, respectively; the mass fraction of poly-13-hydroxybutyrate （PHB） increased to 62.87 mg/g under anaerobic conditions; the mass fraction of polyphosphate was 92.67 mg/g under anoxic conditions; and the effluent concentration of total phosphorus （TP） was 1.47 mg/L. With the increase of pH, the mass fraction of acetic acid and PHB also increased, and the absorption rate of acetic acid was equal to the disintegration rate of polyphosphate. When the pH value was above 8.0, biological phosphorus removal was achieved by chemical phosphorus precipitation, and the phosphorus removal rate decreased.

关键词： Denitrifying phosphorus removal pH Removal rate PHB

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Assessing outdoor air quality vertically in an urban street canyon and its response to microclimatic factors

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Journal of environmental sciences 2023年第2期124卷 923-932页

作者： Chunping Miao Shuai Yu Yue Zhang Yuanman Hu Xingyuan He Wei Chen CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management Institute of Applied EcologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenyang 110016China shenyang Arboretum Chinese Academy of SciencesShenyang 110016China

The vertical distribution of air pollutants in urban street canyons is closely related to residents’health.However,the vertical air quality in urban street canyons has rarely been assessed using field observations obtained throughout the year.Therefore,this study investigated the seasonal and annual concentrations of particulate matter(PM2.5 and PM10),CO,NO_(2),SO_(2),O_(3),air quality index,and their responses to microclimatic factors at three height levels(1.5,27,and 69 m above street level)in an urban street canyon.The PM concentration was higher at 27 m than at 1.5 m in winter,whereas the situation was reversed in other seasons.It was found that photochemical pollutants such as NO_(2) and O_(3) were the primary pollutants in the urban street canyon.The days on which O3 was the primary pollutant at the height of 1.5 m accounted for 81.07% of the entire year.The days on which NO_(2) was the primary pollutant at the height of 27 and 69 m accounted for 82.49% and 72.33%of the entire year,respectively.Substantially higher concentrations of NO2 and O_(3) were found at the height of 27 m than at 69 m.In-canyon concentrations of NO_(2) and O_(3) were strongly correlated with air temperature,wind speed,and wind direction,which played important roles in photochemical reactions and pollutant dispersion.

关键词： Urban air pollution Built environment Urban form Urbanization

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Intuitive Human-Robot-Environment Interaction With EMG Signals:A Review

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IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 2024年第5期11卷 1075-1091页

作者： Dezhen Xiong Daohui Zhang Yaqi Chu Yiwen Zhao Xingang Zhao State Key Laboratory of Robotics Shenyang Institute of AutomationChinese Academy of SciencesShenyang 110016 Institutes for Robotics and Intelligent Manufacturing Chinese Academy of SciencesShenyang 110169 University of Chinese academy of sciences Beijing 100049China

A long history has passed since electromyography(EMG)signals have been explored in human-centered robots for intuitive interaction.However,it still has a gap between scientific research and real-life applications.Previous studies mainly focused on EMG decoding algorithms,leaving a dynamic relationship between the human,robot,and uncertain environment in real-life scenarios seldomly concerned.To fill this gap,this paper presents a comprehensive review of EMG-based techniques in human-robot-environment interaction(HREI)systems.The general processing framework is summarized,and three interaction paradigms,including direct control,sensory feedback,and partial autonomous control,are introduced.EMG-based intention decoding is treated as a module of the proposed paradigms.Five key issues involving precision,stability,user attention,compliance,and environmental awareness in this field are discussed.Several important directions,including EMG decomposition,robust algorithms,HREI dataset,proprioception feedback,reinforcement learning,and embodied intelligence,are proposed to pave the way for future research.To the best of what we know,this is the first time that a review of EMG-based methods in the HREI system is summarized.It provides a novel and broader perspective to improve the practicability of current myoelectric interaction systems,in which factors in human-robot interaction,robot-environment interaction,and state perception by human sensations are considered,which has never been done by previous studies.

关键词： robot summarized Robot

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Understanding the role of alloyed Ni and Cu on improving corrosion resistance of low alloy steel in the simulated Beishan groundwater

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2022年第35期130卷 124-135页

作者： Yupeng Sun Xin Wei Junhua Dong Nan Chen Hanyu Zhao Qiying Ren Wei Ke School of Materials Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology of ChinaShenyang 110016China shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science Institute of Metal ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesShenyang 110016China environmental Corrosion Centre of Materials Institute of Metal ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesShenyang 110016China

The corrosion behavior of NiCu low alloy steel and Q235 low carbon steel as the candidate materials for geological disposal containers of high-level radioactive waste in the simulated Beishan groundwater was comparatively studied by weight loss test,electrochemical measurements,scanning electron microscope(SEM),electron probe microanalysis(EPMA),X-ray diffraction(XRD),Raman spectrum and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS).The electrochemical results showed that the corrosion potential of NiCu steel and Q235 steel gradually increased with the immersion time.Simultaneously,the cathodic process transited from hydrogen evolution reaction(HER) control to the rust reduction control,while the anodic process was always dominated by the active dissolution of iron.By comparison,both the cathodic resistance and the anodic dissolution resistance of NiCu steel corrosion were apparently higher than that of Q235 steel.The results of rust layer characterization indicated that Ni and Cu elements could be enriched in the inner rust layer of NiCu steel and the rust layer was more compact.As the main corrosion products,the content of α-FeOOH in the rust layer of NiCu steel was obviously increased more than that of Q235 steel.Fe_(6)(OH)_(12)SO_(4)stably existed in the corrosion products of NiCu steel because Ni(Ⅱ) or Cu(Ⅱ)could substitute Fe(Ⅱ) of Fe_(6)(OH)_(12)SO_(4)and increased its oxidation resistance,Moreover,Ni and Cu could also make Fe3O4ionic selective by doping.After the long-term immersion,the corrosion mass loss of NiCu steel was significantly lower than Q235 steel,which further confirmed the benefits of Ni and Cu alloying on improving the steel corrosion resistance.

关键词： Deep geological disposal Container material Groundwater Corrosion behavior Electrochemical measurement

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The long-term stability of calcium arsenates:Implications for phase transformation and arsenic mobilization

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Journal of environmental sciences 2019年第10期31卷 29-41页

作者： Danni Zhang Shaofeng Wang Ying Wang Mario A.Gomez Yongfeng Jia Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and environmental Engineering Institute of Applied Ecology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenyang 110016 China Institute of environmental Protection Shenyang University of Chemical Technology Shenyang 110142 China

It is well known that calcium arsenates may not be a good choice for arsenic removal and immobilization in hydrometallurgical practices.However,they are still produced at some plants in the world due to various reasons.Furthermore,calcium arsenates can also naturally precipitate under some specific environments.However,the transformation process of poorly crystalline calcium arsenates(PCCA)and the stability of these samples under atmospheric CO2 are not yet well understood.This work investigated the transformation process of PCCA produced by using different neutralization reagents(CaO vs.NaOH)with various Ca/As molar ratios at pH 7-12 in the presence of atmospheric CO2.After aging at room temperature for a period of time,for samples neutralized with NaOH and precipitated at pH 10 and 12,release of arsenic back into the liquid phase occurred.In contrast,for the samples precipitated at pH 8,the aqueous concentration of arsenic was observed to decrease.XRD,Raman,and SEM results suggested that the formation of various types of crystalline calcium carbonates and/or calcium arsenates controls the arsenic behavior.Moreover,the application of lime may enhance the stability of the generated PCCA.However,no matter what neutralization reagent is used,the stability of the generated PCCA is still of concern.

关键词： Arsenic Precipitate Calcium Stability CO2

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Effects of rare earth modifying inclusions on the pitting corrosion of 13Cr4Ni martensitic stainless steel

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2021年第34期93卷 232-243页

作者： Changgang Wang Rongyao Ma Yangtao Zhou Yang Liu Enobong Felix Daniel Xiaofang Li Pei Wang Junhua Dong Wei Ke shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science Institute of Metal ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesShenyang 110016China University of Chinese academy of sciences Beijing 100049China environmental Corrosion Centre of Materials Institute of Metal ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesShenyang 110016China

In this study,the pitting corrosion behavior of 13Cr4Ni martensitic stainless steel(BASE)and that modified with rare earth(REM)in 0.1 mol/L Na Cl solution were characterized.Techniques such as automatic secondary electron microscope(ASPEX PSEM detector),scanning electron microscope(SEM),transmission electron microscope(TEM),scanning Kelvin probe force microscope(SKP),potentiodynamic and potentiostatic polarizations were employed.The results obtained indicate that BASE steel contains Al_(2)O_(3)/Mn S,Al_(2)O_(3) and Mn S inclusions,while REM steels contain(La,Ce,Cr,Fe)-O and(La,Ce,Cr,Fe)-O-S inclusions.Compared with BASE steel,REM steel is more susceptible to induce the metastable pitting nucleation and repassivation,whereas it restrains the transition from metastable pitting to stable pitting.Adding 0.021%rare earth element to BASE steel can reduce the number and area of inclusions,while that of 0.058%can increase the number and enlarged the size of inclusions,which is also the reason that pitting corrosion resistance of 58 REM steel is slightly lower than that of 21 REM steel.In the process of pitting corrosion induced by Al_(2)O_(3)/Mn S inclusions,Mn S is preferentially anodic dissolved,and also the matrix contacted with Al_(2)O_(3) is subsequently anodic dissolved.For REM steels,anodic dissolution preferentially occurs at the boundary between inclusions and matrix,while(La,Ce,Cr,Fe)-O inclusions chemically dissolve in local acidic environment or are separated from steel matrix.The chemically dissolved substance(La^(3+) and Ce^(3+))of(La,Ce,Cr,Fe)-O inclusions are concentrated in pitting pits,which inhibits its continuous growth.

关键词： 13Cr4Ni martensitic stainless steel Rare earth modifying inclusion Al_(2)O_(3)/MnS inclusion Metastable pitting corrosion Stable pitting corrosion

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Effects of Aerobic and Anoxic Conditions on the Corrosion Behavior of NiCu Low Alloy Steel in the Simulated Groundwater Solutions

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2023年第5期36卷 745-757页

作者： Xin Wei Yupeng Sun Junhua Dong Nan Chen Qiying Ren Wei Ke shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science Institute of Metal ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesShenyang110016China School of Materials Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei230026China environmental Corrosion Centre of Materials Institute of Metal ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesShenyang110016China

The present work focused on investigating the corrosion behavior of NiCu low alloy steel in 0.05 M NaHCO_(3) solutions with different Cl−concentrations under the aerobic–anoxic condition.The results showed that NiCu steel tended to be pseudo-passivated in the solutions of 0.05 M NaHCO_(3) and 0.05 M NaHCO_(3)+0.01 M NaCl exposed to air.The cathodic process transformed from oxygen reduction to the common reduction of oxygen andα-FeOOH,while the anodic process was the iron dissolution.As Cl^(−)increased to 0.1 M,the steel tended to be activity dissolution.Due to the blocking effect of rust layer on the oxygen,the cathodic process transformed to the reduction ofα-FeOOH.After the solutions were deoxidized,the cathodic process was controlled by only rust reduction.Meanwhile,both the cathodic process and anodic process of NiCu steel corrosion were significantly inhibited.During the whole aerobic–anoxic immersion,the corrosion rate of NiCu steel increased with Cl^(−)concentration.It was not only related to the promotion of Cl^(−)on the anodic dissolution of steel,but also related to the cathodic reduction of moreα-FeOOH generated,which could accelerate the cathodic process.

关键词： Low alloy steel Aerobic-anoxic condition Corrosion behavior Corrosion products Electrochemical measurements

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Influence of Deteriorated Bentonite Sediments on the Corrosion Behavior of NiCu Low Alloy Steel

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2022年第6期35卷 1011-1022页

作者： Xin Wei Junhua Dong Yupeng Sun Nan Chen Qiying Ren Madhusudan Dhakal Xiaofang Li Wei Ke shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science Institute of Metal ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesShenyang 110016China environmental Corrosion Centre of Materials Institute of Metal ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesShenyang 110016China School of Materials Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China

The corrosion evolution of steel disposal container largely depends on the evolution of surrounding bentonite environment in the long-term geological disposal of high-level radioactive wastes. This study focused on the influence of the deteriorated bentonite sediments on the corrosion behavior of NiCu low alloy steel in the top supernatant and bottom slurry formed by Gaomiaozi bentonite and 0.05 M NaHCO_(3) + 0.1 M NaCl + 0.1 M Na_(2)SO_(4) solution. In the top supernatant, the cathodic process of the steel corrosion was transformed from the reduction in oxygen to the reduction in ferric corrosion products with time as same as that in the blank solution. While in the bottom bentonite slurry, the cathodic process always maintained as the hydrogen evolution reaction due to the coverage of more bentonite sediments. Meanwhile, the corrosion rate of NiCu steel was obviously decreased. In addition, the localized corrosion tendency of the steel could also be reduced by the large amount of deteriorated bentonite sediments.

关键词： Low alloy steel Bentonite Corrosion behavior Corrosion products Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS)

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Characterization of Fe5(AsO3)3Cl2(OH)4·5H2O,a new ferric arsenite hydroxychloride precipitated from FeCl3-As2O3-HCl solutions relevant to arsenic immobilization

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Journal of environmental sciences 2020年第4期32卷 205-215页

作者： Zidan Yuan Xu Ma Xing Wu Guoqing Zhang Xin Wang Shaofeng Wang Yongfeng Jia Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and environmental Engineering Institute of Applied EcologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenyang 110016China University of Chinese academy of sciences Beijing 100049China

Tooeleite(Fe6(As03)4 SO4(OH)4·4 H2 O)is widely precipitated for direct As(III)removal from sulfate-rich industrial effluents.However,whether or not Fe(III)-As(III)-Cl(-I)precipitate is produced in chloridizing leaching media for As immobilization is almost unknown.This work founded the existence of ferric arsenite(hydroxy)chloride as a new mineral for As(III)removal.Its chemical composition and solid characterization were subsequently studied by using scanning electron microscope with an energy dispersive spectrometer(SEM-EDS),X-ray diffraction(XRD),infrared(FT-IR),Raman spectroscopy and thermogravimetric(TG)curve.The results showed the formation of a yellow precipitate after 3-days reaction of Fe(III)/As(III)with molar ratio≈1.7 in chloride solution at pH 2.3 neutralized with NaOH.Compared with tooeleite,chemical analysis and solid characterization indicated that Cl(-I)replaces S04(-II)producing ferric arsenite hydroxychloride with formula Fe5(As03)3-Cl2(OH)4·5 H2 O.This new plate shaped solid showed better crytallinity than tooeleite,although it has similar morphology and characteristic bands to tooeleite.The FT-IR bands at 628,964 cm-1 and the Raman bands at 448,610,961 cm-1 were assigned to Fe-O or As(Ⅲ)-O-Fe or As(Ⅲ)-O bending/stretching vibration,indicating that both arsenite and chloride substituted for the position of sulfate for ferric arsenite hydro xychloride produced due to the lack of the SO42-vibrations.Cl-(I)also contributed to increase As removal efficiency in aqueous sulfate media under acidic pH conditions via the probable formation of sulfatechloride ferric arsenite.

关键词： Chloride ion Acidic pH Ferric arsenite hydroxychloride Characterization Immobilization

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