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Analysis of mechanical strengths of extreme line casing joint considering geometric, material, and contact nonlinearities

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Petroleum Science 2024年第3期21卷 1992-2004页

作者： Ji-Yun Zhang Chi Peng Jian-Hong Fu Quan Cao Yu Su Jian-Yun Pang Zi-Qiang Yu Petroleum Engineering School Southwest Petroleum University Engineering Technology Research Institute of CNPC Southwest oil and Gas field Company

To address the challenges associated with difficult casing running, limited annular space, and poor cementing quality in the completion of ultra-deep wells, the extreme line casing offers an effective solution over conventional casings. However, due to its smaller size, the joint strength of extreme line casing is reduced, which may cause failure when running in the hole. To address this issue, this study focuses on the CST-ZT Φ139.7 mm × 7.72 mm extreme line casing and employs the elastic-plastic mechanics to establish a comprehensive analysis of the casing joint, taking into account the influence of geometric and material nonlinearities. A finite element model is developed to analyze the forces and deformations of the extreme line casing joint under axial tension and external collapse load. The model investigates the stress distribution of each thread tooth subjected to various tensile forces and external pressures. Additionally, the tensile strength and crushing strength of the extreme line casing joint are determined through both analytical and experimental approaches. The findings reveal that, under axial tensile load, the bearing surface of each thread tooth experiences uneven stress, with relatively high equivalent stress at the root of each thread tooth. The end thread teeth are valuable spots for failure. It is observed that the critical fracture axial load of thread decreases linearly with the increase of thread tooth sequence. Under external pressure, the circumferential stress is highest at the small end of the external thread, leading to yield deformation. The tensile strength of the joint obtained from the finite element model exhibits a relative error of less than 7% compared to the analytical and experimental values,proving the reliability of the finite element model. The tensile strength of the joint is 3091.9 k N.Moreover, in terms of anti-collapse capability, the joints demonstrate higher resistance to collapse compared to the casing body, which is consistent with the test results where the pip

关键词： Extreme line casing Elastic-plastic mechanics Finite element analysis Tensile strength Collapse strength

A Transient-Pressure-Based Numerical Approach for Interlayer Identification in Sand Reservoirs

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Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing 2024年第3期20卷 641-659页

作者： Hao Luo Haibo Deng Honglin Xiao Shaoyang Geng Fu Hou Gang Luo Yaqi Li Tight oil and Gas Exploration and Development Project Department PetroChina Southwest Oil and Gas Field CompanyChengdu610051China Energy College Chengdu University of TechnologyChengdu610059China

Almost all sandstone reservoirs contain interlayers. The identification and characterization of these interlayers iscritical for minimizing the uncertainty associated with oilfield development and improving oil and gas recovery.Identifying interlayers outside wells using identification methods based on logging data and machine learning isdifficult and seismic-based identification techniques are expensive. Herein, a numerical model based on seepageand well-testing theories is introduced to identify interlayers using transient pressure data. The proposed modelrelies on the open-source MATLAB Reservoir Simulation Toolbox. The effects of the interlayer thickness, position,and width on the pressure response are thoroughly investigated. A procedure for inverting interlayer parametersin the reservoir using the bottom-hole pressure is also proposed. This method uses only transient pressuredata during well testing and can effectively identify the interlayer distribution near the wellbore at an extremelylow cost. The reliability of the model is verified using effective oilfield examples.

关键词： Sand reservoir interlayer identification transient pressure analysis numerical well test

Wellbore Cleaning Degree and Hydraulic Extension in Shale oil Horizontal Wells

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Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing 2024年第3期20卷 661-670页

作者： Xin Ai Mian Chen College of Petroleum Engineering China University of Petroleum(Beijing)BeijingChina Daqing oil field Company Limited DaqingChina

The efficient development and exploitation of shale oil depends on long-distance horizontal wells. As the degreeof cleaning of the wellbore plays a key role in these processes, in this study, this problem is investigated experimentallyby focusing on the dimensionless cuttings bed height. A method is proposed to calculate the horizontalwellhydraulic extension taking into account the influence of the wellbore cleaning degree on the wellborepressure distribution and assess the effect of a variety of factors such as the bottom hole pressure, the circulatingpressure drop, the drilling pump performance and the formation properties. The analysis shows that the hydraulicextension of horizontal wells decreases with an increase in the cuttings bed height, and the higher the displacementof drilling fluid, the faster the hydraulic extension declines. The annular pressure drop of the horizontalsection increases with the increase of the cuttings bed height, resulting in a higher bottom-hole pressure. Severalarguments are provided to guide the safe drilling of shale oil horizontal wells and overcome the limits of currenttechnological approaches.

关键词： Shale oil horizontal well hydraulic extension wellbore cleaning degree pressure distribution mechanism analysis

High resolution sequence stratigraphy of the Mishrif Formation(Cenomanian-Early Turonian)at zubair oilfield(al-rafdhiah dome),southern Iraq

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Petroleum Research 2024年第1期9卷 61-71页

作者： Aymen A.Lazim Maher J.Ismail Maher M.Mahdi Geoscience Department Zubair Field Operation DivisionBasra Oil CompanyIraq Basrah oil Company WQ1 FODBasrahIraq University of Basrah College of ScienceGeology Dept.BasrahIraq

The Mishrif Formation(Cenomanian-E Turonian)is one of the most important geological formations in the Middle East and Iraq because it contains enormous petroleum accumulations.It is considered to be the first reservoir in the region,and is still being studied because of its economic significance.The carbonate of the Mishrif Formation derives from a variety of depositional settings,including mid-ramp,shoal,lagoon,and intertidal.The five main microfacies discussed in this paper are wackestone,packstone,grainstone,floatstone,and bindstone.The most frequent fossilised components found in the Mishrif Formation are rudists,benthic foraminifera,echinoderms,burrows molluscs,and algae.According to the microfacies and analysed wireline log data,the sequence stratigraphy of the studied formation is composed of two regression cycles.Five parasequences of transgressive-regressive cycles make up the depositional sequence of the Mishrif Formation.The standard depositional environments seem to demonstrate a gradual regression,beginning with a short period of the outer ramp,then a steady period of the mid-ramp,and ending in the intertidal environment.Additionally,the study recorded two regional maximum flooding surfaces:K-135 and K-140.The former is present in the lowermost part of the formation,while the other lies in the middle.This study shows a close relationship between facies(environments)and hydrocarbon accumulation.The increased accumulation focuses on the lower part of the studied formation,and seems to be lower in the upper part of the formation as a result of changes in the environment of deposition.

关键词： Mishrif formation Cenomanian Sequence stratigraphy Zubair oilfield Iraq

Sn-decorated CeO_(2) with different morphologies for direct dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene

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Journal of Rare Earths 2024年第1期42卷 102-109,I0004页

作者： Kai Zhang Guoju Cui Mengzhen Yuan Huiwen Huang Ning Li Jiale Xu Guowei Wang Chunyi Li State Key Laboratory of Heavy oil Processing China University of Petroleum(East China)Qingdao266580China Petrochemical Plant of Sinopec shengli oilfield Company Dongying257237China College of Chemical and Biological Engineering Shandong University of Science and TechnologyQingdao266590China

Three Sn-decorated ceria catalysts with various morphologies(rods,particles,and cubes)were prepared and applied to the direct dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene.Multi-technology characterizations,including X-ray photoelectro n spectroscopy(XPS),H_(2)-tempe rature programmed reduction(H_(2)-TPR),and Raman spectroscopy,prove that the oxygen vacancies are the active sites for ethylbenzene dehydrogenation,which can be regulated by engineering CeO_(2) morphology and enhanced via introducing metal Sn.Given the results of activity test,the catalytic activities for ethylbenzene dehydrogenation over different samples are closely dependent on the amount of oxygen vacancies.The reduced Sn-decorated CeO_(2) catalyst with nanoparticles morphology exhibits better dehydrogenation performance than the other two studied catalysts at 600℃.This work provides an effective approach to regulate the active oxygen vacancies and further enhance the dehydrogenation activities through engineering the surface morphology of the catalyst and introducing suitable additives.

关键词： Ethylbenzene dehydrogenation CeO_(2) Sn Morphology Oxygen vacancy Rare earths

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Acid-rock reaction kinetics in a two-scale model based on reaction order correction

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Petroleum Science 2024年第3期21卷 2089-2101页

作者： Xue-Song Li Ning Qi Ze-Hui Zhang Lian Liu Xia-Qing Li Xu-Hang Su School of Petroleum Engineering China University of Petroleum(East China) Key Lab of Unconventional oil & Gas Development Ministry of Education China University of Petroleum(East China) SINOPEC Northwest oilfield Branch Company Petroleum Engineering Technology Research Institute SINOPEC Shengli Oilfield Company

The reaction order plays a crucial role in evaluating the response rate of acid-rock. However, the conventional two-scale model typically assumes that the reaction order is constant as one, which can lead to significant deviations from reality. To address this issue, this study proposes a novel multi-order dynamic model for acid-rock reaction by combining rotating disk experimental data with theoretical derivation.Through numerical simulations, this model allows for the investigation of the impact of acidification conditions on different orders of reaction, thereby providing valuable insights for on-site construction.The analysis reveals that higher response orders require higher optimal acid liquid flow rates, and lower optimal H+diffusion coefficients, and demonstrate no significant correlation with acid concentration.Consequently, it is recommended to increase the displacement and use high-viscosity acid for reservoirs with high calcite content, while reducing the displacement and using low-viscosity acid for reservoirs with high dolomite content.

关键词： Reaction order Two-scale model Wormhole propagation Carbonate rocks Numerical simulation

Hydrocarbon gas huff-n-puff optimization of multiple horizontal wells with complex fracture networks in the M unconventional reservoir

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Petroleum Science 2024年第2期21卷 1018-1031页

作者： Hao-Chuan Zhang Yong Tang You-Wei He Yong Qin Jian-Hong Luo Yu Sun Ning Wang De-Qiang Wang State Key Laboratory of oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation Southwest Petroleum UniversityChengdu610500SichuanChina CNPC Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration&Development Beijing100083China Southwest oil&Gas field Company PetroChinaChengdu610051SichuanChina State Key Laboratory of Offshore oil Exploitation CNOOC Research Institute Co.LtdBeijing100027China

The oil production of the multi-fractured horizontal wells(MFHWs) declines quickly in unconventional oil reservoirs due to the fast depletion of natural energy. Gas injection has been acknowledged as an effective method to improve oil recovery factor from unconventional oil reservoirs. Hydrocarbon gas huff-n-puff becomes preferable when the CO_(2) source is limited. However, the impact of complex fracture networks and well interference on the EOR performance of multiple MFHWs is still unclear. The optimal gas huff-n-puff parameters are significant for enhancing oil recovery. This work aims to optimize the hydrocarbon gas injection and production parameters for multiple MFHWs with complex fracture networks in unconventional oil reservoirs. Firstly, the numerical model based on unstructured grids is developed to characterize the complex fracture networks and capture the dynamic fracture features.Secondly, the PVT phase behavior simulation was carried out to provide the fluid model for numerical simulation. Thirdly, the optimal parameters for hydrocarbon gas huff-n-puff were obtained. Finally, the dominant factors of hydrocarbon gas huff-n-puff under complex fracture networks are obtained by fuzzy mathematical method. Results reveal that the current pressure of hydrocarbon gas injection can achieve miscible displacement. The optimal injection and production parameters are obtained by single-factor analysis to analyze the effect of individual parameter. Gas injection time is the dominant factor of hydrocarbon gas huff-n-puff in unconventional oil reservoirs with complex fracture networks. This work can offer engineers guidance for hydrocarbon gas huff-n-puff of multiple MFHWs considering the complex fracture networks.

关键词： Unconventional oil reservoir Complex fracture network Hydrocarbon gas huff-n-puff Parameter optimization Numerical simulation

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Effect of proppant sizes and injection modes on proppant transportation and distribution in the tortuous fracture model

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Particuology 2024年第1期84卷 261-280页

作者： Jun Li Xu Han Siyuan He Mingyi Wu Xin Huang Nianyin Li State Key Laboratory of oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation Southwest Petroleum UniversityChengdu610500China Chongqing Industry Polytechnic College Chongqing401120China Sichuan Particles Energy and Technology Co. LtdChengdu611630China Engineering Technology Research Institute of PetroChina Southwest oil and Gas field Company Chengdu610017China

Particle-fluid transport and placement mechanism in tortuous fracture played a crucial role in uncon-ventional reservoirs.Currently,most studies focused on mono-size proppant with fluid transport pro-cesses in tortuous fractures.However,the mixture-size proppant with fluid movement mechanism in tortuous fracture was still uncommon.Therefore,this study designed and applied a series of experiments with a physical analog model of a tortuous fracture with 120°and 90°-angled bends and combined high-speed camera-based equipment.This experimental system was used to track different-mixture-sized proppant particle motion trajectories for a series of proppant injection schemes;The following conclu-sions were drawn from this study:1.The pile-up processes mechanism in all investigated schemes were similar and could be reduced to four main stages.2.The packing structure at both sides of the fracture wall had different variation rates,which were controlled by the mix ratio(change from 1∶1-1∶5)of proppant size.3.Some new packing patterns,such as Zebra Stripe,had occurred,controlled by the different proppant injection sequences.4.Small-sized mono-proppant(30/50 mesh)had the highest transport efficiency in the tortuous fracture,followed by the mixed-sized multi-proppant(10/20 mesh:30/50 mesh),large-sized proppant(10/20 mesh)was the worst.5.An optimized alternating in-jection mode was recommended as injecting small-sized proppant first(30/50 mesh)and followed by mixed-sized multi-proppant(10/20 mesh:30/50 mesh),which could contribute to obtaining the optimal both proppant packing height and travel distance in tortuous fracture.6.Two correlations were devel-oped for predicting the proppant packing height and transportation distance.

关键词： Tortuous fracture model Mixed-sized proppant Multi-sized proppant injection mode Proppant motion and distribution Packing mechanism

A micro-crosslinked amphoteric hydrophobic association copolymer as high temperature-and salt-resistance fluid loss reducer for water-based drilling fluids

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Petroleum Science 2024年第3期21卷 1980-1991页

作者： Jian Li Yu-Xi Ji Xiao-Xiao Ni Kai-He Lv Xian-Bin Huang Jin-Sheng Sun School of Petroleum Engineering China University of Petroleum(East China) Key Laboratory of Unconventional oil & Gas Development China University of Petroleum(East China) Inspection and Testing Center of Huabei oil field Company PetroChina Drilling Fluid Research Institute CNPC Engineering Technology R&D Company Limited

During ultradeep oil and gas drilling, fluid loss reducers are highly important for water-based drilling fluids, while preparing high temperature-and salt-resistance fluid loss reducers with excellent rheology and filtration performance remains a challenge. Herein, a micro-crosslinked amphoteric hydrophobic association copolymer(i.e., DADC) was synthesized using N,N-dimethyl acrylamide, diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride, 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid, hydrophobic monomer, and pentaerythritol triallyl ether crosslinker. Due to the synergistic effects of hydrogen bonds, electrostatic interaction, hydrophobic association, and micro-crosslinking, the DADC copolymer exhibited outstanding temperature-and salt-resistance. The rheological experiments have shown that the DADC copolymer had excellent shear dilution performance and a certain degree of salt-responsive viscosity-increasing performance. The DADC copolymer could effectively adsorb on the surface of bentonite particles through electrostatic interaction and hydrogen bonds, which bring more negative charge to the bentonite, thus improving the hydration and dispersion of bentonite particles as well as the colloidal stability of the drilling fluids. Moreover, the drilling fluids constructed based on the DADC copolymer exhibited satisfactory rheological and filtration properties(FLHTHP= 12 m L) after aging at high temperatures(up to200°C) and high salinity(saturated salt) environments. Therefore, this work provided new insights into designing and fabricating high-performance drilling fluid treatment agents, demonstrating good potential applications in deep and ultradeep drilling engineering.

关键词： Fluid loss reducer Temperature- and salt-resistance Hydrophobic association Amphoteric Micro-crosslinking