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Modeling analysis of cobalt-based Fischer-Tropsch catalyst particles

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2024年第6期70卷 82-92页

作者： Huashuai Wu Gang Wang Yong Yang Yongwang Li College of Chemical Engineering and Technology Taiyuan University of TechnologyTaiyuan 030024China National Energy research&development Center for Coal to Liquid Fuels Synfuels China CompanyLimitedBeijing 101400China

The influences of particle size,shape,and catalyst distribution on the reactivity and hydrocarbon product selectivity of a cobalt-based catalyst for Fischer-Tropsch synthesis were investigated in the present work.A self-consistent kinetic model for Fischer-Tropsch reaction proposed here was found to correlate experimental data well and hence was used to describe the consumption rates of reactants and formation rates of hydrocarbon *** perturbed-chain statistical associating fluid theory equation of state was used to describe vapor-liquid equilibrium behavior associated with Fischer-Tropsch *** interaction between intraparticle diffusion and Fischer-Tropsch reaction was investigated in *** showed that in order to avoid the adverse influence of intraparticle diffusional limitations on catalyst reactivity and product selectivity,the use of small particles is *** eggshell spherical particles are shown to keep the original catalyst reactivity and enhance the selectivity of heavy hydrocarbon *** suitable layer thickness for a spherical particle with a diameter of 2 mm is nearly 0.15 *** the same outer diameter of 2 mm,the catalyst reactivity and heavy product selectivity of hollow cylindrical particles with a layer thickness of 0.25 mm are found to be larger than eggshell spherical *** the viewpoint of catalytic performance,hollow cylindrical particles are a better choice for industrial applications.

关键词： Fischer-Tropsch synthesis Kinetic modeling Vapor-liquid equilibria Numerical simulation Intraparticle diffusion Particle shapes

Multi-spheric interactions driven differential formation and accumulation of hydrocarbon resources in the North Sea Basin

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Science China Earth Sciences 2024年第11期67卷 3397-3420页

作者： Rixiang ZHU Shuichang ZHANG Huajian WANG Xiaomei WANG Yuke LIU Wang ZHANG Fang HAO Zhijun JIN Key Laboratory of Deep Petroleum Intelligent Exploration and development Institute of Geology and Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences State Key Laboratory of Enhanced Oil & Gas Recovery Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development China National Petroleum Corporation State Key Laboratory of Deep Oil and Gas China University of Petroleum (East China) Institute of Energy Peking University

The North Sea Basin is the most important oil and gas producing area in Europe and the birthplace of many classic petroleum geological theories. From the perspective of multi-spheric interactions in the Earth, this study investigated the riftforeland-rift evolution process of the North Sea Basin, which was controlled by the deep dynamic driving forces of the continental collision orogeny, mantle plume uplift, and intraplate deformation. The North Sea Basin was found to have drifted northward since the Carboniferous and passed through the low-latitude Hadley and the mid-latitude Ferrel cells. Two sets of main hydrocarbon source rocks have formed, the coals and coal measures of the Upper Carboniferous Westphalian and the marine shale of the Upper Jurassic Kimmeridge Clay Formation. We propose that the deep processes, tectonic activity, and transgression-climate evolution jointly controlled the types and horizons of the source rocks, reservoirs, and seals in different regions of the North Sea Basin. In the southern North Sea Basin, a Carboniferous-Lower Triassic gas-rich petroleum system was formed,which is characterized by transitional coal measure source rocks, desert aeolian sandstone reservoirs, and evaporite cap rocks. In the northern North Sea Basin, an Upper Triassic-Paleogene oil-rich petroleum system was formed, which is characterized by marine graben-type source rocks, deltaic sandstone and marine limestone reservoirs, and marine tight marl and shale cap *** late tectonic burial and uplift in the North Sea Basin further controlled the processes of oil and gas generation and accumulation, ultimately leading to a differential distribution pattern which is oil rich in the northern part and gas rich in the southern part of the basin. In the future, there is an urgent need to re-examine the mechanisms for the petroleum generation and accumulation in large mature exploration areas(e.g., super basins such as the North Sea) and low exploration areas(e.g., the O

关键词： North Sea Basin Multi-spheric interactions Petroleum system Okhotsk Sea region

Effect of valence and spin state on ethane dehydrogenation in Fe-S-1 catalyst

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第10期97卷 677-686,I0014页

作者： Liusai Huang Yumeng Fo Peng Zhang Shaojia Song Xinxin Zhang Xueqiu Wu Saeed Soltanali Jian Liu Weiyu Song State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing China University of Petroleum(Beijing)Beijing 102249China China Petrochemical research Institute Petro China Company LimitedBejing 102206China Catalysis Technologies development Division Research Institute of Petroleum Industry(RIPI)Tehran 14665-1998Iran

Light alkanes non-oxidative dehydrogenation is an attractive non-oil route for olefins *** alkane dehydrogenation reaction is limited by thermodynamic equilibrium,and the C-H bond cleavage is commonly considered as the rate-determined *** valence state of metal sites in catalysts will influence the stabilization of the vital intermediate(i.e.,C_(x)H_(y)...M^(δ+)...H)during the C-H bond cleavage process,which in turn affects the catalytic ***,we explicitly investigated the effect of different valence states of framework-Fe in silicate-1 zeolite on ethane dehydrogenation reaction through the combination of experimental and theoretical ***(Ⅱ)-S-1 and Fe(Ⅲ)-S-1 catalysts are successfully synthesized by ligand-assisted in situ crystallization method,In-situ C_(2)H_6-FTIR shows the higher coverage of hydrocarbon intermediates on Fe(Ⅱ)-S-1,Under the same evaluation co nditio n,Fe(Ⅱ)-S-1 exhibits a higher space time yield of *** functional theory(DFT)results reveal that the more coordinate-unsaturated and electron-enriched Fe(Ⅱ)sites boost the first C-H bond activation by slight deformation and efficient electron donation with C_(2)H_(5)^(*)***,the second C-H bond cleavage on Fe(Ⅱ)-S-1 undergoes a spin-crossing process from quintet state to triplet state,which involves a two-electro n-two-orbital interaction,further promoting the formation of *** analysis is consistent with the experimental and DFT *** work could provide methodology for elucidating the effect of metal valence states on catalytic performance as well as offer guidance for designing more efficient Fe-zeolite catalysts.

关键词： Iron Ethane dehydrogenation Electron-enriched Spin crossover DFT

How to enhance agricultural plastic waste management in China?Insights from public participation

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2024年第6期23卷 2127-2143页

作者： Aibo Hao Thomas Dogot Changbin Yin State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional PlanningChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081China Economics and Rural development Laboratory TERRA Teaching and Research CentreGembloux Agro-Bio TechUniversity of LiègeGembloux B-5030Belgium research Center for Agricultural Green development in China Beijing 100081China

Agricultural plastics play a pivotal role in agricultural ***,due to expensive costs,agricultural plastic waste management(APWM)encounters a vast funding *** one of the crucial stakeholders,the public deserves to make appropriate efforts for ***,identifying whether the public is willing to pay for APWM and clarifying the decisions’driving pathways to explore initiatives for promoting their payment intentions are essential to address the dilemma confronting *** this end,by applying the extended theory of planned behavior(TPB),the study conducted an empirical analysis based on 1,288 residents from four provinces(autonomous regions)of northern *** illustrate that:1)respondents hold generally positive and relatively strong payment willingness towards APWM;2)respondents’attitude(AT),subjective norm(SN),and perceived behavioral control(PBC)are positively correlated with their payment intentions(INT);3)environmental cognition(EC)and environmental emotion(EE)positively moderate the relationships between AT and INT,and between SN and INT,posing significant indirect impacts on *** study’s implications extend to informing government policies,suggesting that multi-entity cooperation,specifically public payment for APWM,can enhance agricultural non-point waste management.

关键词： agricultural plastic waste extended theory of planned behavior public payment environmental cognition environmental emotion

The determination of sedimentary environment and associated energy in deep-buried marine carbonates:insights from natural gamma ray spectrometry log

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Frontiers of Earth Science 2024年第1期18卷 204-218页

作者： Jingyan LIU Qian CHANG Junlong ZHANG Hui CHAI Feng HE Yizan YANG Shiqiang XIA School of Energy Resources China University of Geosciences(Beijing)Beijing 100083China Exploration and development research Institute Daqing Oilfield CompanyPetroChinaDaqing 163712China China National Oil and Gas Exploration and development Co. Ltd(CNODC)Beijing 100032China Beijing research Institute of Uranium Geology Beijing 100029China College of Mining Engineering North China University of Science and TechnologyTangshan 063210China

It has always been challenging to determine the ancient sedimentary environment and associated energy in deep-buried marine *** energy represents the hydrodynamic conditions that existed when the carbonates were *** energy includes light and chemical energies in compounds and kinetic energy in currents and mass ***-buried marine carbonates deposited during the Ordovician depositional period in the eastern Tarim Basin result from a complex interplay of tectonics,sedimentation,and *** a result,determining the ancient sedimentary environment and associated energy is *** natural gamma-ray spectrometry(GRS)log(from 12 wells)is used in this paper to conduct studies on the sedimentary environment and associated energy in deep-buried marine *** findings show that the values of thorium(Th),uranium(U),potassium(K),and gamma-ray without uranium(KTh)in a natural GRS log can reveal lithological associations,mineral composition,diagenetic environment,stratigraphic water activity,and ancient climatic *** the Ordovician,quantitative analysis and determination of sedimentary environment energy are carried out using a comprehensive calculation of natural GRS log parameters in typical wells(penetrating through the Ordovician with cores and thin sections)of well GC4,well GC6,well GC7,and well *** results show that GRS log can determine different lithology associations in typical wells than a sieve residue ***,cores and thin sections can be used to validate the determination of lithology *** on the determination of lithology associations,the lithology associations that reflect the sedimentary environment and associated energy can be analyzed in a new ***,the sedimentary environment energy curve derived from a natural GRS log can reveal hydrodynamic fluctuations during depositional periods,which will aid in the discovery of carbonate reservoirs,establishing sequence stratigra

关键词： ancient sedimentary environment energy of sedimentary environment marine deep-buried carbonates natural GRS the Ordovician eastern Tarim Basin

Jet Characteristics and Optimization of a Cavitation Nozzle for Hydraulic Fracturing Applications

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Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing 2024年第1期20卷 179-192页

作者： Yu Gao Zhenqiang Xu Kaixiang Shen Shenzhen South China Sea Oil Economic development Co. Ltd.Shenzhen518000China Guangzhou Marine Geological Survey China Geological SurveyGuangzhou511458China National Engineering research Center of Gas Hydrate Exploration and development Guangzhou511458China

Hydraulic jetting is a form of fracturing that involves using a high-pressure jet of water to create fractures in the reservoir rock with a nozzle serving as the central component of the hydraulic sandblasting perforation *** this study,the flow behavior of the nozzle is simulated numerically in the framework of a SST k-ωturbulence *** results show that the nozzle structure can significantly influence the jet performance and related cavitation *** orthogonal experiments,the nozzle geometric parameters are optimized,and the following configuration is found accordingly:contraction angle 20°,contraction segment length 6 mm,cylindrical segment diameter 6 mm,cylindrical segment length 12 mm,spread segment length 10 mm,and spread angle 55°.

关键词： Cavitation jet angle nozzle hydraulic characteristics nozzle parameters

Prediction and quantification of effective gas source rocks in a lacustrine basin: Western Depression in the Liaohe Subbasin, China

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Petroleum Science 2024年第4期21卷 2218-2239页

作者： Si-Bo Yang Mei-Jun Li Hong Xiao Fang-Zheng Wang Guo-Gang Cai Shuang-Quan Huang State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting College of Geosciences China University of Petroleum China University of Petroleum-Beijing at Karamay College of Petroleum research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and development Liaohe Oilfield Company PetroChina

Due to limited data on the geochemical properties of natural gas, estimations are needed for the effective gas source rock in evaluating gas potential. However, the pronounced heterogeneity of mudstones in lacustrine successions complicates the prediction of the presence and geochemical characteristics of gas source rocks. In this paper, the Liaohe Subbasin of Northeast China is used as an example to construct a practical methodology for locating effective gas source rocks in typical lacustrine basins. Three types of gas source rocks, microbial, oil-type, and coal-type, were distinguished according to the different genetic types of their natural gas. A practical three-dimensional geological model was developed, refined, and applied to determine the spatial distribution of the mudstones in the Western Depression of the Liaohe Subbasin and to describe the geochemical characteristics(the abundance, type, and maturation levels of the organic matter). Application of the model in the subbasin indicates that the sedimentary facies have led to heterogeneity in the mudstones, particularly with respect to organic matter types. The effective gas source rock model constructed for the Western Depression shows that the upper sequence(SQ2) of the Fourth member(Mbr 4) of the Eocene Shahejie Formation(Fm) and the lower and middle sequences(SQ3 and SQ4) of the Third member(Mbr 3) form the principal gas-generating interval. The total volume of effective gas source rocks is estimated to be 586 km3. The effective microbial, oil-type, and coal-type gas source rocks are primarily found in the shallow western slope, the central sags, and the eastern slope of the Western Depression, respectively. This study provides a practical approach for more accurately identifying the occurrence and geochemical characteristics of effective natural gas source rocks, enabling a precise quantitative estimation of natural gas reserves.

关键词： Effective gas source rock 3D geological modeling Spatial distribution Geochemical characteristics Lacustrine rift basin

China's Path Towards Consumption-Led Growth in the New Era

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China Forex 2024年第1期 20-27页

作者： WANG Wei WANG Nian development research Center of the State Council

Consumption is the mainstay of an economy's aggregate demand,the fundamental driver of large economies,and a cornerstone of a secure,wellmanaged,and resilient economic ***'s new strategic priority is to effectively ex... 详细信息

关键词： Consumption corners aggregate

High-static-low-dynamic stiffness isolator based on an electromagnetic negative stiffness spring with long linear stroke

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2024年第3期67卷 740-752页

作者： YUAN ShuJin WU YaJun SONG DaiPing PU HuaYan MOU LiSheng HOU Lei ZHAO JingLei LI XuePing LUO Jun WU Jie HUANG XiaoXu State Key Laboratory of Mechanical Transmissions Chongqing UniversityChongqing 400044China China Aerodynamics research and development Center Mianyang 621000China College of Materials Science and Engineering Chongqing UniversityChongqing 400044China

Negative stiffness mechanisms can improve low-frequency vibration isolation performance and have been widely used in the vibration isolation of precision equipment. However, the negative stiffness mechanism usually introduces a nonlinear stiffness,resulting in a nonlinear response and worsening the vibration isolation performance, especially under large amplitude *** this paper, an electromagnetic spring with linear negative stiffness(ESLNS) is proposed, in which the antagonistic ampere forces of the energized coils are used to generate negative stiffness within a long linear stroke. The magnetic field distribution is improved through the design of the magnetic circuit, thereby increasing the stiffness generation efficiency. The stiffness can be adjusted bidirectionally by current within the range of positive and negative stiffness. An electromagnetic stiffness model was established based on the equivalent magnetic circuit method. Experimental measurements verified the accuracy of the model and proved the linearity of the electromagnetic spring. A vibration isolator with high static and low dynamic stiffness(HSLDS) based on the ESLNS is designed and tested. The experimental results prove that the introduction of the ESLNS can effectively expand the isolation frequency band without changing the equilibrium position. Moreover, the vibration isolator with ESLNS does not produce nonlinear response. The proposed electromagnetic spring with linear negative stiffness extends the application range of HSLDS isolators to a large amplitude vibration environment.

关键词： linear negative stiffness mechanism low-frequency vibration isolation electromagnetic spring vibration control