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Constitutive model of viscoelastic dynamic damage for the material of gas obturator in modular-charge howitzer

DEFENCE technolOGY 2024年第9期39卷 203-216页

作者： Li, Zhonggang Chen, Longmiao Li, Yifan Jia, Yufeng Zhang, Quan Nanjing univ sci & technol Sch Mech Engn Nanjing 210094 Peoples R China shanxi North Machine Bldg Co Ltd Technol Ctr Taiyuan 030009 Peoples R China Kelong New Mat technol Co Ltd Res & Dev Dept Xianyang 712000 Peoples R China

In order to investigate the mechanical response behavior of the gas obturator of the breech mechanism, made of polychloroprene rubber (PCR), uniaxial compression experiments were carried out by using a universal testing machine and a split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB), obtaining stress-strain responses at different temperatures and strain rates. The results revealed that, in comparison to other polymers, the gas obturator material exhibited inconspicuous strain softening and hardening effects; meanwhile, the mechanical response was more affected by the strain rate than by temperature. Subsequently, a succinct viscoelastic damage constitutive model was developed based on the ZWT model, including ten undetermined parameters, formulated with incorporating three parallel components to capture the viscoelastic response at high strain rate and further enhanced by integrating a three-parameter Weibull function to describe the damage. Compared to the ZWT model, the modified model could effectively describe the mechanical response behavior of the gas obturator material at high strain rates. This research laid a theoretical foundation for further investigation into the influence of chamber sealing issues on artillery firing. (c) 2024 China Ordnance Society. Publishing services by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of KeAi Communications Co. Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://***/ licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

关键词： Breech mechanism Gas obturator Polychloroprene rubber Constitutive model Strain rate Damage STRAIN RATES WIDE-RANGE POLYMERS BEHAVIOR PRESSURE

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Scalable Jet-Based Fabrication of PEI-Hydrogel Particles for CO2 Capture

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ENERGY & ENVIRONMENTAL MATERIALS 2024年第6期7卷 351-358页

作者： Jiang, Jieke van Daatselaar, Eline Wijnja, Hylke de Koning Gans, Tessa Schellevis, Michel Venner, Cornelis H. Brilman, Derk W. F. Visser, Claas Willem univ Twente Fac Engn Technol Dept Thermal & Fluid Engn Engn Fluid Dynam Grp NL-7500 AE Enschede Netherlands univ Twente Fac Sci & Technol Sustainable Proc Technol NL-7500 AE Enschede Netherlands

The capture, regeneration, and conversion of CO2 from ambient air and flue gas streams are critical aspects of mitigating global warming. Solid sorbents for CO2 absorption are very promising as they have high mass transfer areas without energy input and reduce emissions and minimize corrosion as compared to liquid sorbents. However, precisely tunable solid CO2 sorbents are difficult to produce. Here, we demonstrate the high-throughput production of hydrogel-based CO2-absorbing particles via liquid jetting. By wrapping a liquid jet consisting of an aqueous solution of cross-linkable branched polyethylenimine (PEI) with a layer of suspension containing hydrophobic silica nanoparticles, monodisperse droplets with a silica nanoparticle coating layer was formed in the air. A stable Pickering emulsion containing PEI droplets was obtained after these ejected droplets were collected in a heated oil bath. The droplets turn into mm-sized particles after thermal curing in the bath. The diameter, PEI content, and silica content of the particles were systematically varied, and their CO2 absorption was measured as a function of time. Steam regeneration of the particles enabled cyclic testing, revealing a CO2 absorption capacity of 6.5 +/- 0.5 mol kg(-1) solid PEI in pure CO2 environments and 0.7 +/- 0.3 mol kg(-1) solid PEI for direct air capture. Several thousands of particles were produced per second at a rate of around 0.5 kg per hour, with a single nozzle. This process can be further scaled by parallelization. The complete toolbox for the design, fabrication, testing, and regeneration of functional hydrogel particles provides a powerful route toward novel solid sorbents for regenerative CO2 capture.

关键词： CO2 capture droplet hydrogel liquid jet particle steam regeneration CARBON-DIOXIDE CAPTURE STEAM REGENERATION SORBENTS ADSORPTION SILICA GAS SEPARATION RECOVERY DROPLETS METHANE

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Properties, hazards and valuable metal recovery technologies of red mud: A review

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PARTICUOLOGY 2024年第10期93卷 328-348页

作者： Du, Peixin Wang, Peng Zhang, Xueqian Wen, Guangwu Wang, Yishan Shandong univ technol Sch Mat Sci & Engn Zibo 255000 Peoples R China

This review presents a summary of the research conducted thus far on the recovery of various types of valuable metals from red mud. The composition, properties, environmental hazards, and current status of comprehensive utilization of red mud were studied. A number of studies have been conducted on the use of red mud as a modifying additive for cement, the development of various catalysts based on red mud, and the recovery of various valuable metals from red mud. Furthermore, we examine several techniques for extracting various types of valuable metals from red mud, including pyrometallurgical recovery, wet leaching recovery, and emerging biobased technology recovery. We investigate the underlying principles, processes, research progress, and the potential for industrial application of these methods, and assess the advantages and disadvantages of each from the perspectives of economic and environmental benefits. Although these methods have certain disadvantages, in general, the recovery of various types of valuable metals from red mud is an effective way to solve the problem of red mud and the supply of metal raw materials. In conclusion, this paper presents an overview of the current state of red mud development and utilization, as well as the various methods employed for the recovery of valuable metals from red mud. (c) 2024 Chinese Society of Particuology and Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of sciences. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.

关键词： Red mud Utilization Environment hazard Valuable metal Recovery LEACHING BEHAVIOR IRON RECOVERY ACID SEPARATION EXTRACTION REDUCTION MICROWAVE SCANDIUM ELEMENTS ORE

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Model-driven full system dynamics estimation of PMSM-driven chain shell magazine

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DEFENCE technolOGY 2024年第9期39卷 147-156页

作者： Wei, Kai Chen, Longmiao Zou, Quan NanJing univ sci & technol Sch Mech Engn Nanjing 210094 Peoples R China

Based on the system dynamic model, a full system dynamics estimation method is proposed for a chain shell magazine driven by a permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM). An adaptive extended state observer (AESO) is proposed to estimate the unmeasured states and disturbance, in which the model parameters are adjusted in real time. Theoretical analysis shows that the estimation errors of the disturbances and unmeasured states converge exponentially to zero, and the parameter estimation error can be obtained from the extended state. Then, based on the extended state of the AESO, a novel parameter estimation law is designed. Due to the convergence of AESO, the novel parameter estimation law is insensitive to controllers and excitation signal. Under persistent excitation (PE) condition, the estimated parameters will converge to a compact set around the actual parameter value. Without PE signal, the estimated parameters will converge to zero for the extended state. Simulation and experimental results show that the proposed method can accurately estimate the unmeasured states and disturbance of the chain shell magazine, and the estimated parameters will converge to the actual value without strictly continuous PE signals. (c) 2024 China Ordnance Society. Publishing services by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of KeAi Communications Co. Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://***/ licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

关键词： Chain shell magazine Full system dynamics estimation Disturbance estimation Parameter estimation Adaptive extended state observer PARAMETER-ESTIMATION NONLINEAR-SYSTEMS STATE

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Maximizing aged photovoltaic array power: a computer modelling study

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CLEAN ENERGY 2024年第1期8卷 171-187页

作者： Sibai, Fadi N. Gulf univ sci & technol Elect & Comp Engn Dept Mishref Kuwait

Photovoltaic (PV) modules age with time for various reasons such as corroded joints and terminals and glass coating defects, and their ageing degrades the PV array power. With the help of the PV array numerical model, this paper explores the effects of PV module ageing on the PV array power, and the power gains and costs of rearranging and recabling aged PV modules in a PV array. The numerical PV array model is first revised to account for module ageing, rearrangement and recabling, with the relevant equations presented herein. The updated numerical model is then used to obtain the array powers for seven different PV arrays. The power results are then analysed in view of the attributes of the seven PV array examples. A guiding method to recommend recabling after rearranging aged modules is then proposed, leading to further significant power gains, while eliminating intra-row mismatches. When certain conditions are met, it was shown that recabling PV modules after rearranging them may lead to further significant power gains, reaching 57% and 98% in two considered PV array examples. Higher gains are possible in other arrays. A cost-benefit analysis weighing annual power gains versus estimated recabling costs is also given for the seven considered PV array examples to guide recabling decisions based on technical and economic merits. In the considered examples, recabling costs can be recovered in <4 years. Compared with the powers of the aged arrays, power gains due to our proposed rearranging and recabling the PV arrays ranged between 73% and 131% in the considered examples-well over the gains reported in the literature. Moreover, the cost of our static module rearrangement and recabling method outshines the costs of dynamic reconfiguration methods recently published in the literature.

关键词： solar energy optimizing array power photovoltaic array modelling photovoltaic modules ageing photovoltaic module rearrangement module recabling and reconfiguration PV array mismatch POINT TRACKING MODULE RECONFIGURATION PERFORMANCE SIMULATION IMPACT CELL

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Preparation and characterization of high-reactivity explosive-based nano-boron microspheres

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PARTICUOLOGY 2024年第10期93卷 125-136页

作者： Dong, Chen Wang, Yi Jia, Kanghui Song, Dan Song, Xiaolan An, Chongwei North univ China Sch Mat Sci & Engn Taiyuan 030051 Peoples R China Jinxi Grp shanxi Jiangyang Chem Co Ltd Taiyuan 030051 Peoples R China China Ordnance Inst sci & technol Beijing 100089 Peoples R China North univ China Sch Environm & Safety Engn Taiyuan 030051 Peoples R China

Boron nanoparticles, with their remarkably high gravimetric and volumetric calorific values, emerge as the most promising fuel in energetic fields. However, challenges such as susceptibility to oxidation, high ignition temperature, and low combustion efficiency have constrained their further applications. In this study, we fabricated high explosives based nano-boron microspheres with uniform size using the electrostatic spray method, in which the boron nanoparticles and high explosives (CL-20 or PETN) are closely bonded together by fluorinated polymer (F-2602) and evenly distributed. The results indicated that the microspheres exhibited high sphericity and showed an enhanced antioxidant capability. The addition of high-energy explosives not only reduced the thermal oxidation temperature of nano-boron powder within the microspheres but also significantly enhanced the pressurization rate. Additionally, the microspheres with added high-energy explosives released more energy during the combustion process. Compared to physically mixed samples, electrostatically sprayed microspheres with a uniform microstructure still exhibited higher reactivity. Therefore, the design and synthesis of microspheres with controllable structures using the electrostatic spray method show promising application prospects. (c) 2024 Chinese Society of Particuology and Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of sciences. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.

关键词： Nano-boron CL-20 PETN Electrospraying Ignition and combustion NANOPARTICLES COMBUSTION

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Carbon nanotubes and hexagonal boron nitride nanosheets co-filled ethylene propylene diene monomer composites: Improved electrical property for cable accessory applications

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HIGH VOLTAGE 2024年第3期9卷 546-555页

作者： Zhang, Tiandong Xu, Huiduo Dai, Chuanxian Zhang, Changhai Zhang, Yongquan Chi, Qingguo Harbin univ sci & technol Sch Elect & Elect Engn Harbin 150080 Peoples R China

Rubber-based composites based on ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) with excellent non-linear electrical conductivity are preferred to serve as reinforced insulation in cable accessories, which can self-adaptively regulate electric field distribution and avoid electric field concentration due to the non-linear conductivity. The conductive carbon nanotubes (CNT) are filled into EPDM to improve the non-linear conductivity, while the insulating hexagonal boron nitride nanosheets (h-BN) are used to reconcile the electric breakdown strength. The results show that with the increase of CNT loading content, the non-linear conductivity of CNT/h-BN/EPDM composites becomes more prominent, accompanying the decrease of threshold field strength and increase of non-linear coefficient. However, the electric breakdown strength of CNT/h-BN/EPDM composites seriously deteriorates due to the increase of CNT content and temperature. By incorporating 10 wt.% h-BN into the composites, the reduction percentage of breakdown strength can be significantly lowered, which is 19.95% of neat EPDM and 13.74% of CNT/h-BN/EPDM composites at 70 & DEG;C, respectively. The COMSOL Multiphysics simulation results demonstrate that using the CNT/h-BN/EPDM composite as the reinforced insulation can eliminate the electric field concentration of the cable accessory as well as enable the cable accessory with good lightning shock resistance.

关键词： NONLINEAR CONDUCTIVITY

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A survey of geothermal power generation combined with renewable energy for low carbon emissions

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CLEAN ENERGY 2024年第3期8卷 138-146页

作者： Liu, Xuyang Cai, Dongsheng Ukwuoma, Chiagoziem C. Huang, Qi Bamisile, Olusola Chengdu univ technol Coll Nucl Technol & Automat Engn Chengdu Sichuan Peoples R China Southwest univ sci & technol Elect Engn Dept Maiyang Sichuan Peoples R China

At present, industrial development is heavily dependent on traditional fossil energy, which has had an increasingly serious impact on the environment. Clean and renewable energy has received extensive attention and its proportion in daily life has gradually increased. As a clean and renewable energy source that is not affected by changes in weather and seasons, geothermal energy has developed rapidly in recent years and has received increasing attention. According to reports, the total installed capacity of geothermal power generation in the world in 2020 was 15 950 MW-an increase of similar to 27% over 2015. At the end of 2019, the total installed capacity for global geothermal direct use was 107 727 MW-an increase of 52.0% compared with 2015; the total annual energy use was 1 020 887 TJ (283 580 GWh)-an increase of 72.3% over 2015. Through the investigation of geothermal power generation technology in recent years, the characteristics and shortcomings of various power generation methods are analysed. At the same time, this review analyzes the characteristics of geothermal energy and other renewable-energy (solar energy, water energy) coupling power generation, and analyzes the principles and characteristics of geothermal energy and various new-energy coupling power generation methods. Through investigation and analysis, this review provides a complete understanding of various geothermal power generation technologies and provides insights into the future development direction. [GRAPHICS] .

关键词： geothermal power generation solar energy water energy combined power generation ABANDONED OIL COMBINED SYSTEM GAS-WELLS HEAT RESOURCES DRIVEN

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Numerical simulation of the effect of coaxial and cross-axis injection modes on pulverized coal combustion in the raceway of blast furnace tuyere

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PARTICUOLOGY 2024年第10期93卷 154-169页

作者： Wang, Yunpeng Gao, Lei Zhou, Xiaolei Kunming univ sci & technol Fac Met & Energy Engn Kunming 650093 Peoples R China

The aim of this study isto investigate the influence of the angle of the pulverized coal (PC) injection lance on the combustion characteristics of fuel in the raceway of blast furnace tuyeres. Using FLUENT software, a Euler-Lagrange three-dimensional numerical model was constructed to analyze the influence of different positions of blast furnace tuyere coal powder injection lance (coaxial and cross-axis) on key parameters such as temperature distribution, gas flow, and combustion efficiency. The results demonstrate that adjusting the angle of the injection lance significantly modifies the average and peak temperatures in the raceway, while the composition of gas components remains relatively stable. When the injection lance angle is 10 degrees, the average temperature and peak temperature in the raceway are 2294 K and 2747 K, respectively. When the injection lance angle is 12 degrees, the combustion efficiency of the PC reaches 80.8%. This study reveals the significant impact of the injection lance angle on the combustion process. Especially at an angle of 12 degrees, the combustion efficiency of the blast furnace significantly improves. With coaxial injection, the combustion rate increases as the distance between the injection lance tip and the tuyere increases. This paper is instructive for the optimization of the blast furnace combustion system, which improve fuel utilization efficiency and reduce environmental emissions. This paper provides practical recommendations for adjusting blast furnace operational parameters, offering insights for achieving more efficient and environmentally friendly industrial production. (c) 2024 Chinese Society of Particuology and Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of sciences. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.

关键词： Pulverized coal combustion Tuyere raceway Blast furnace CFD simulation GAS FLOWS CFD

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Laser-Constructing 3D Copper Current Collector with Crystalline Orientation Selectivity for Stable Lithium Metal Batteries

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ENERGY & ENVIRONMENTAL MATERIALS 2024年第6期7卷 129-139页

作者： Li, Hui Wang, Gang Hu, Jin Li, Jun Huang, Jiaxu Xu, Shaolin Southern univ sci & technol Dept Mech & Energy Engn Shenzhen 518000 Peoples R China

The practical application of lithium (Li) metal anodes in high-capacity batteries is impeded by the formation of hazardous Li dendrites. To address this challenge, this research presents a novel methodology that combines laser ablation and heat treatment to precisely induce controlled grain growth within laser-structured grooves on copper (Cu) current collectors. Specifically, this approach enhances the prevalence of Cu (100) facets within the grooves, effectively lowering the overpotential for Li nucleation and promoting preferential Li deposition. Unlike approaches that modify the entire surface of collectors, our work focuses on selectively enhancing lithiophilicity within the grooves to mitigate the formation of Li dendrites and exhibit exceptional performance metrics. The half-cell with these collectors maintains a remarkable Coulombic efficiency of 97.42% over 350 cycles at 1 mA cm(-2). The symmetric cell can cycle stably for 1600 h at 0.5 mA cm(-2). Furthermore, when integrated with LiFePO4 cathodes, the full-cell configuration demonstrates outstanding capacity retention of 92.39% after 400 cycles at a 1C discharge rate. This study introduces a novel technique for fabricating selective lithiophilic three-dimensional (3D) Cu current collectors, thereby enhancing the performance of Li metal batteries. The insights gained from this approach hold promise for enhancing the performance of all laser-processed 3D Cu current collectors by enabling precise lithiophilic modifications within complex structures.

关键词： copper current collector heat treatment laser processing lithium metal battery selective crystalline orientation ABNORMAL GRAIN-GROWTH LI METAL DEPOSITION TEXTURE ENERGY

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