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Alleviation of the plastic deformation of gel ink under strong stress through an esterification of xanthan gum reinforcing its double helix structure

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Chinese Journal of Chemical engineering 2024年第3期67卷 49-57页

作者： Xiaokun Li Mingyi Wang Zilu Liu Song Yang Na Xu Wei Zhao Gan Luo Shoujun Liu College of Chemical engineering and Technology Taiyuan University of TechnologyTaiyuan 030024China shanxi engineering center of civil clean fuel Taiyuan University of TechnologyTaiyuan 030024China shanxi Coking Coal in Yuncheng Salt Refco Group Ltd. Yuncheng 044000China

As a natural organic polymer,xanthan gum(XG)can alleviate the plastic deformation of gel ink under strong stress and realize the reasonable regulation of the rheological properties of gel ink.However,as the double-helix structure connected by hydrogen bonds cannot resist the mechanical environment of strong stress,XG shows poor shear resistance.In this study,a polymer gel with interpenetrating polymer network structure was prepared by esterifying XG,taking polystyrene maleic anhydride(SMA)as the modifier.In addition to retaining the excellent rheological properties of XG,the generated polymer gel also exhibited high shear resistance.The optimal addition amount of the esterification reaction modifier was determined as mXG:mSMA=5:3 according to the gel ink standard.With this amount,the viscosity of the modified xanthan gum(SXG)gel increased to 1578.8 mPa·s and 100.7 mPa·s at shear rates of 4 s1 and 383 s1,respectively,and the shear resistance increased more than 2 times compared to the unmodified one.It is because of the ester bond formed by esterification that the reaction strengthens the interaction between molecular segments,enabling the new gel to resist to strong mechanical stress.The new polymer gel studied in this paper and the proposed mechanism of action provide new insights for the development of high-end gel ink and also provide theoretical support for the study of rheological properties of non-Newtonian fluids.

关键词： Gel ink Xanthan gum Esterification Simulation Shear resistance Gels

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Automated, economical, and environmentally-friendly asphalt mix design based on machine learning and multi-objective grey wolf optimization

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Journal of Traffic and Transportation engineering(English Edition) 2024年第3期11卷 381-405页

作者： Jian Liu Fangyu Liu Linbing Wang Department of civil and Environmental engineering Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University School of Environmental CivilAgricultural and Mechanical EngineeringUniversity of Georgia Illinois center for Transportation Department of Civil and Environmental EngineeringUniversity of Illinois Urbana-Champaign

The increasing impact of the greenhouse effect on ecosystems is prompting transportation agencies to seek methods for reducing CO2emissions during pavement construction and maintenance.Additionally,the laboratory mix design process,which involves selecting aggregate gradation and binder content,is time-consuming and labor-intensive.To accelerate the traditional mix design procedure,this study presented a mix design procedure that can automatically determine gradation and binder content based on machine learning （ML） and a meta-heuristic algorithm.Specifically,ML approaches were employed to model the relationship between volumetric properties (mixture bulk specific gravity（Gmb） and air void （VV）) and both mixture component properties and mixture proportion,based on a dataset collected from literature with 660 mixture designs.Integrated with the prediction of ML models and the modified multi-objective grey wolf optimization （MOGWO）algorithm,an automatic asphalt mix design was proposed to pursue three goals,including VV,cost,and CO2emission.The results indicated that least squares support vector regression （LSSVR） and e Xtreme gradient boosting （XGBoost） achieved the highest prediction accuracies （correlation coefficient:0.92 for VV and 0.96 for Gmb）.The MOGWO algorithm successfully found the 26 optimal mix designs for the case of VV vs.cost vs.CO2emission.Compared to the traditional laboratory design,the optimal mixture with VV of4%achieves a cost saving of 2.46%and a reduction of 4.03%in carbon emission.The volumetric properties of the mixtures output by the approach also align closely with values measured in a laboratory.

关键词： Asphalt mix design Machine learning MOGWO CO 2 emission Volumetric properties

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Design and mechanical properties analysis of a cellular Waterbomb origamistructure

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Theoretical & Applied Mechanics Letters 2024年第3期14卷 193-202页

作者： Yongtao Bai Zhaoyu Wang Yu Shi School of civil engineering Chongqing UniversityChongqing 400045China Research center of Steel Structure engineering Chongqing UniversityChongqing 400045China

Cellular structures are commonly used to design energy-absorbing structures,and origami structures are becominga prevalent method of cellular structure design.This paper proposes a foldable cellular structure based on theWaterbomb origami pattern.The geometrical configuration of this structure is described.Quasi-static compressiontests of the origami tube cell of this cellular structure are conducted,and load-displacement relationship curvesare obtained.Numerical simulations are carried out to analyze the effects of aspect ratio,folding angle,thicknessand number of layers of origami tubes on initial peak force and specific energy absorption(SEA).Calculationformulas for initial peak force and SEA are obtained by the multiple linear regression method.The degree ofinfluence of each parameter on the mechanical properties of the single-layer tube cell is compared.The resultsshow that the cellular structure exhibits negative stiffness and periodic load-bearing capacity,as well as foldingangle has the most significant effect on the load-bearing and energy-absorbing capacity.By adjusting the designparameters,the stiffness,load-bearing capacity and energy absorption capacity of this cellular structure can beadjusted,which shows the programmable mechanical properties of this cellular structure.The foldability andthe smooth periodic load-bearing capacity give the structure potential for application as an energy-absorbingstructure.

关键词： Cellular structure Waterbomb origami Mechanical metamaterial Numerical simulation Energy absorption

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Experimental study on seismic reinforcement of bridge foundation on silty clay landslide with inclined interlayer

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Earthquake engineering and engineering Vibration 2024年第1期23卷 193-207页

作者： Lei Da Xiao Hanmo Ran Jianhua Luo Bin Jiang Guanlu Xue Tianlang College of civil engineering Sichuan Agricultural UniversityDujiangyan 611830China Sichuan Higher Education engineering Research center for Disaster Prevention and Mitigation of Village Construction Dujiangyan 611830China School of civil engineering Southwest Jiaotong UniversityChengdu 610031China

A shaking table test for a bridge foundation reinforced by anti-slide piles on a silty clay landslide model with an inclined interlayer was performed.The deformation characteristics of the bridge foundation piles and anti-slide piles were analyzed in different loading conditions.The dynamic response law of a silty clay landslide with an inclined interlayer was summarized.The spacing between the rear anti-slide piles and bridge foundation should be reasonably controlled according to the seismic fortification requirements,to avoid the two peaks in the forced deformation of the bridge foundation piles.The“blocking effect”of the bridge foundation piles reduced the deformation of the forward anti-slide piles.The stress-strain response of silty clay was intensified as the vibration wave field appeared on the slope.Since the vibration intensified,the thrust distribution of the landslide underwent a process of shifting from triangle to inverted trapezoid,the difference in the acceleration response between the bearing platform and silty clay landslide tended to decrease,and the spectrum amplitude near the natural vibration frequency increased.The rear anti-slide piles were able to slow down the shear deformation of the soil in front of the piles and avoid excessive acceleration response of the bridge foundation piles.

关键词： silty clay landslide inclined interlayer shaking table test anti-slide pile bridge foundation pile

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Limit load and failure mechanisms of a vertical Hoek-Brown rock slope

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical engineering 2024年第3期16卷 1106-1111页

作者： Jim Shiau Warayut Dokduea Suraparb Keawsawasvong Pitthaya Jamsawang School of engineering University of Southern QueenslandToowoomba4350QLDAustralia Department of civil engineering Faculty of EngineeringKing Mongkut’s University of Technology ThonburiBangkokThailand Research Unit in Sciences and Innovative Technologies for civil engineering Infrastructures Department of Civil EngineeringThammasat School of EngineeringThammasat UniversityPathumthani12120Thailand Soil engineering Research center Department of Civil EngineeringKing Mongkut’s University of Technology North BangkokBangkok10800Thailand

The problem considered in this short note is the limit load determination of a vertical rock slope.The classical limit theorem is employed with the use of adaptive finite elements and nonlinear programming to determine upper and lower bound limit loads of a Hoek-Brown vertical rock slope.The objective function of the mathematical programming problem is such as to optimize a boundary load,which is known as the limit load,resembling the ultimate bearing capacity of a strip footing.While focusing on the vertical slope,parametric studies are carried out for several dimensionless ratios such as the dimensionless footing distance ratio,the dimensionless height ratio,and the dimensionless rock strength ratio.A comprehensive set of design charts is presented,and failure envelopes shown with the results explained in terms of three identified failure mechanisms,i.***.the face,the toe,and the Prandtl-type failures.These novel results can be used with great confidence in design practice,in particularly noting that the current industry-based design procedures for the presented problem are rarely found.

关键词： Bearing capacity Rock slope Vertical slope Finite element limit analysis Hoek-Brown yield criterion

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Evaluation and Influencing Factors on Particle Agglomeration in RAP

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Journal of Wuhan University of Technology(Materials Science) 2024年第1期39卷 60-68页

作者：唐伟李宁 ZHUANG Yuan ZHAN He YU Xin WU Wenxiu DING Gongying College of civil and Transportation engineering Hohai UniversityNanjing 210098China Jiangsu Expressway engineering Maintenance Technology center Nanjing 211106China Jinhua Highway and Transportation Management center Jinhua 321000China

Asphalt extraction test and scanning electron microscopy(SEM) were used for analysis of agglomerations of reclaimed asphalt pavement(RAP) particles. In order to quantify the agglomeration degree of RAP, the fineness modulus ratio(FMR) and the percentage loss index(PLI) were proposed. In addition, grey correlation analysis was conducted to discuss the relationship between particle agglomerations and RAP size,asphalt content(AC), and surface area. Two indexes indicate that the agglomeration degree increases in general as the RAP size reduces. This can be attributed to that particles are prone to agglomeration in the case of higher AC. Based on the SEM images and the material composition of RAP, the particle agglomeration in RAP can be classified into weak agglomeration and strong agglomeration. Grey correlation analysis shows that AC is the crucial factor affecting the agglomeration degree and RAP variability. In order to produce consistent and stable reclaimed mixtures, disposal measures of RAP are suggested to lower the AC of RAP.

关键词： RAP particle agglomeration grey correlation analysis asphalt content

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Progress in electrocatalytic nitrate reduction for green energy: Catalyst engineering, mechanisms, and techno-economic feasibility

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第8期95卷 380-406页

作者： Hafiz Muhammad Adeel Sharif Hafiz Muhammad Farooq Khan Sadeeq Ullah Yuwei Wang Muhammad Ahmad Bo Yang Changping Li Muhammad Bilal Asif Research center for Eco-Environmental engineering Dongguan University of Technology College of Chemistry and engineering Shenzhen University FMH College of Medicine and Dentistry School of Environment and civil engineering Research Center for Eco-Environment Engineering Dongguan University of Technology Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials center (AMPMC) Physical Sciences and Engineering (PSE) King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)

Ammonia（NH3） is an irreplaceable chemical that has been widely demanded to keep the sustainable development of modern society.However,its industrial production consumes a huge amount of energy and releases extraordinary greenhouse gases（GHGs）,leading to various environmental issues.Achieving the green production of ammonia is a great challenge,which has been extensively pursued in the last decade.In this review,the most promising strategy,electrochemical nitrate reduction reaction（e-NO3RR）,is comprehensively investigated to give a complete understanding of its development and mechanism and provide guidance for future directions.However,owing to the complex reactions and limited selectivity,a comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms is crucial to further development and commercialization.Moreover,NO3-RR is a promising strategy for simultaneous water treatment and NH3production.A detailed overview of the recent progress in NO3-RR for NH3production with nontransition and transition metal based electrocatalysts is summarized.In addition,critical advanced techniques,future challenges,and prospects are discussed to guide future research on transition metal-based catalysts for commercial NH3synthesis by NO3-reduction.

关键词： Ammonia synthesis Electrolysis Green energy Nitrate reduction Pollution to solution Transition metal catalysts

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Analysis on carbon emission reduction intensity of fuel cell vehicles from a life-cycle perspective

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Frontiers in Energy 2024年第1期18卷 16-27页

作者： Ziyuan TENG Chao TAN Peiyuan LIU Minfang HAN fuel Cell and Energy Storage center Department of Energy and Power EngineeringState Key Laboratory of Control and Simulation of Power Systems and Generation EquipmentTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

The hydrogen fuel cell vehicle is rapidly developing in China for carbon reduction and neutrality.This paper evaluated the life-cycle cost and carbon emission of hydrogen energy via lots of field surveys,including hydrogen production and packing in chlor-alkali plants,transport by tube trailers,storage and refueling in hydrogen refueling stations(HRSs),and application for use in two different cities.It also conducted a comparative study for battery electric vehicles(BEVs)and internal combustion engine vehicles(ICEVs).The result indicates that hydrogen fuel cell vehicle(FCV)has the best environmental performance but the highest energy cost.However,a sufficient hydrogen supply can significantly reduce the carbon intensity and FCV energy cost of the current system.The carbon emission for FCV application has the potential to decrease by 73.1%in City A and 43.8%in City B.It only takes 11.0%–20.1%of the BEV emission and 8.2%–9.8%of the ICEV emission.The cost of FCV driving can be reduced by 39.1%in City A.Further improvement can be obtained with an economical and“greener”hydrogen production pathway.

关键词： hydrogen energy life-cycle assessment(LCA) fuel cell vehicle carbon emission energy cost

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Liquefaction susceptibility and deformation characteristics of saturated coral sandy soils subjected to cyclic loadings-a critical review

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Earthquake engineering and engineering Vibration 2024年第1期23卷 261-296页

作者： Chen Guoxing Qin You Ma Weijia Liang Ke Wu Qi C.Hsein Juang Institute of Geotechnical engineering Nanjing Tech UniversityNanjing 210009China civil engineering and Earthquake Disaster Prevention center of Jiangsu Province Nanjing 210009China School of Mechanical engineering Nanjing University of Science and TechnologyNanjing 210094China College of civil Aviation Nanjing University of Aeronautics and AstronauticsNanjing 210016China Glenn Department of civil engineering Clemson UniversityClemsonSC 29634USA

Coral sandy soils widely exist in coral island reefs and seashores in tropical and subtropical regions.Due to the unique marine depositional environment of coral sandy soils,the engineering characteristics and responses of these soils subjected to monotonic and cyclic loadings have been a subject of intense interest among the geotechnical and earthquake engineering communities.This paper critically reviews the progress of experimental investigations on the undrained behavior of coral sandy soils under monotonic and cyclic loadings over the last three decades.The focus of coverage includes the contractive-dilative behavior,the pattern of excess pore-water pressure(EPWP)generation and the liquefaction mechanism and liquefaction resistance,the small-strain shear modulus and strain-dependent shear modulus and damping,the cyclic softening feature,and the anisotropic characteristics of undrained responses of saturated coral sandy soils.In particular,the advances made in the past decades are reviewed from the following aspects:(1)the characterization of factors that impact the mechanism and patterns of EPWP build-up;(2)the identification of liquefaction triggering in terms of the apparent viscosity and the average flow coefficient;(3)the establishment of the invariable form of strain-based,stress-based,or energy-based EPWP ratio formulas and the unique relationship between the new proxy of liquefaction resistance and the number of cycles required to reach liquefaction;(4)the establishment of the invariable form of the predictive formulas of small strain modulus and strain-dependent shear modulus;and(5)the investigation on the effects of stress-induced anisotropy on liquefaction susceptibility and dynamic deformation characteristics.Insights gained through the critical review of these advances in the past decades offer a perspective for future research to further resolve the fundamental issues concerning the liquefaction mechanism and responses of coral sandy sites subjected to cyclic loadings associated with seismic eve

关键词： liquefaction susceptibility dynamic deformation characteristics coral sandy soil cyclic loading review and prospect

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Characteristics of turbulent flow in 3-D pools in the presence of submerged rigid vegetation in channel bed

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2024年第1期36卷 158-169页

作者： Kourosh Nosrati Hossein Afzalimehr Jueyi Sui Hamid Reza Reisifar Natural Disasters Prevention Research center Faculty of Civil EngineeringIran University of Science and TechnologyTehranIran School of engineering University of Northern British ColumbiaPrince GeorgeCanada

In this study,the interaction between 3-D bedforms and submerged rigid vegetation has been investigated.Various laboratory experiments were conducted to study the distribution of flow velocity,Reynolds shear stress,turbulent kinetic energy,and skewness coefficients for a constant density of vegetation.Results showed that the velocity profile in the pool section deviates from those in the upstream section of the pool.It has been found that the dip parameter varied between 0.6H and 0.9H depending on various factors including bed roughness,vegetation distribution,and pool entrance/exit slopes.However,scattered vegetation in the pool and differences in slopes created non-uniform flow conditions.Also,in the wake region behind each vegetated element,flow velocity reduced significantly,and small-scale eddies are formed,causing increased perturbations.By decreasing the entrance slope and bed roughness,relatively uniform flow and weaker turbulence was resulted,but the random distribution of vegetated elements counteracted this balance and intensified turbulence.With the decrease in the pool entrance slope,the contribution of sweep event decreased and the contribution of ejection event increased.

关键词： Submerged rigid vegetation 3-D pool Reynolds shear stress skewness coefficients

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