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Deformation characteristics of ultra-deep circular shaft in soft soil:A case study

Underground Space 2024年第3期16卷 239-260页

作者： Yafei Qiao Feng Xie Zhanwei Bai Jiafeng Lu Wenqi Ding Department of geotechnical engineering College of Civil EngineeringTongji UniversityShanghai 200092China Key Laboratory of geotechnical and Underground engineering of Ministry of Education Tongji UniversityShanghai 200092China engineering Project Management co.pany Shanghai Chengtou Water GroupShanghai 200002China SGIDI engineering co.sulting(Group)co. Ltd.Shanghai 200093China

A circular shaft is often used to access a working well for deep underground space *** the depth of underground space increases,the excavation depth of the shaft *** this study,the deformation characteristics of a circular shaft with a depth of 56.3 m were presented and *** main monitoring co.tents included:(1)wall deflection;(2)vertical wall movement;(3)horizontal soil movement;(4)vertical surface movement;and(5)basal ***,the maximum wall deflection was only 7.7 *** with the wall deflection data co.lected for another 29 circular excavations,the ratio of maximum wall deflection to excavation depth of this shaft was smaller due to a smaller ratio of diameter to excavation *** wall deflection underwent two stages of deformation:the first stage was mainly circumferential co.pression caused by the mutual extrusion of joints between walls,and the seco.d stage was typical vertical deflection *** horizontal soil movement outside the shaft was greater than the wall deflection and the deep soil caused great horizontal movement because of dewatering at co.fined water ***,a basal heave of 203.8 mm occurred in the pit centre near the ***,the shaft was uplifted over time and showed 3 stages of vertical *** surface outside the shaft exhibited settlement and uplift deformation at different locations due to different *** basal heave caused by excavation was the dominant factor,driving the vertical movement of the shaft as well as the surrounding *** co.relation between the wall deflection and the surface settlement outside the shaft was weak.

关键词： Circular shaft Site monitoring Deflection Vertical deformation Soft soil

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Assessing cutter-rock interaction during TBM tunnelling in granite:Large-scale standing rotary cutting tests and 3D DEM simulations

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and geotechnical engineering 2024年第9期16卷 3595-3615页

作者： Xin Huang Miaoyuan Tang Shuaifeng Wang Yixin Zhai Qianwei Zhuang Chi Zhang Qinghua Lei Department of geotechnical engineering College of Civil EngineeringTongji UniversityShanghaiChina co.lege of Civil engineering and Architecture Xinjiang UniversityUrumqiChina State Key Laboratory of geotechnical engineering Ministry of EducationTongji UniversityShanghaiChina China Shipbuilding NDRI engineering co. Ltd.ShanghaiChina shanghai Tunnel engineering co. Ltd.ShanghaiChina shanghai Shield Design and Experimental Research Center co. Ltd.ShanghaiChina Department of Earth Sciences Uppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden

The widespread utilisation of tunnel boring machines(TBMs)in underground co.struction engineering requires a detailed investigation of the cutter-rock *** this paper,we co.duct a series of largescale standing rotary cutting tests on granite in co.junction with high-fidelity numerical simulations based on a particle-type discrete element method(DEM)to explore the effects of key cutting parameters on the TBM cutter performance and the distribution of cutter-rock co.tact *** assessment results of cutter performance obtained from the cutting tests and numerical simulations reveal similar dependencies on the key cutting *** specifically,the normal and rolling forces exhibit a positive co.relation with penetration but are slightly influenced by the cutting *** co.trast,the side force decreases as the cutting radius ***,the side force shows a positive relationship with the penetration for smaller cutting radii but tends to beco.e negative as the cutting radius *** cutter's relative effectiveness in rock breaking is significantly impacted by the penetration but shows little dependency on the cutting ***,an optimal penetration is identified,leading to a low boreability index and specific energy.A co.bined Hertz-Weibull function is developed to fit the cutter-rock co.tact stress distribution obtained in DEM simulations,whereby an improved CSM(co.orado School of Mines)model is proposed by replacing the original monotonic cutting force distribution with this co.bined Hertz-Weibull *** proposed model outperforms the original CSM model as demonstrated by a co.parison of the estimated cutting forces with those from the tests/*** findings from this work that advance our understanding of TBM cutter performance have important implications for improving the efficiency and reliability of TBM tunnelling in granite.

关键词： Large-scale standing rotary cutting test Discrete element method(DEM)simulation Cutter-rock interaction Improved CSM(co.orado School of Mines) model Cutting force

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Analytical model for the sealant performance of tunnel gasketed joints based on multi-scale co.tact and perco.ation theories

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Underground Space 2024年第1期14卷 319-337页

作者： Jiachong Xie Xin Huang Guolong Jin Department of geotechnical engineering College of Civil EngineeringTongji UniversityShanghai 200092China State Key Laboratory of geotechnical and Underground engineering Ministry of EducationShanghai 200092China co.lege of Civil engineering&Architecture Xinjiang UniversityUrumqi 830047China China Shipbuilding NDRI engineering co. Ltd.Shanghai 200063China

The localised leakage in shield tunnels that mainly occurs at segment joints may induce other defects,which threatens operational *** obtain a universal solution for the sealant performance of gasketed joints,we proposed a novel analytical model based on the multiscale co.tact and perco.ation theories,in which the obtained perco.ation pressure and interfacial separation can be utilized to derive the critical water leakage pressure and leakage *** evolutionary process of leakage was divided into three stages(i.e.,the perco.ation,leakage and breakdown),which explicitly reveal the progressive hydraulic deterioration of gasketed *** gaskets still own partial waterproof capacity until the end of the leakage stage due to the remaining co.tact pressure at surface *** proposed model was first verified by several sets of experimental data,based on which the determination of three key model parameters(i.e.,self-sealing slope,sealing co.fficient,and expel pressure)were discussed in *** parametric study indicates that the waterproof capacity is significantly affected by the joint opening,offset,and the surface roughness of the *** variation in waterproof capacity with joint opening is mainly due to the nonlinearity of the gasket’s modulus and self-sealing *** increase in joint offset can result in a lower waterproof capacity as well as a larger leakage ***’s surface roughness affects the perco.ation pressure and interfacial separation,which co.tributes to the long-term sealant performance.

关键词： Shield tunnel Gasketed joint Sealant performance Hydraulic deterioration Perco.ation theory Surface roughness Leakage rate

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Centrifuge modeling of a large-scale surcharge on adjacent foundation

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and geotechnical engineering 2024年第8期16卷 3181-3191页

作者： Jinzhang Zhang Zhenwei Ye Dongming Zhang Hongwei Huang Shijie Han Tong Zou Le Zhang Key Laboratory of geotechnical and Underground engineering of Ministry of Education and Department of geotechnical engineering Tongji UniversityShanghai200092China CCCC Third Harbor co.sultants co LtdShanghai200032China Qingdao co.son Jiaozhou Bay Seco.d Subsea Tunnel co. LtdQingdao266000China

This study investigates the ground and structural response of adjacent raft foundations induced by largescale surcharge by ore in soft soil areas through a 130g centrifuge modeling test with an innovative layered loading *** prototype of the test is a co.stal iron ore yard with a natural foundation of deep soft ***,it is necessary to adopt some measures to reduce the influence of the large-scale surcharge on the adjacent raft foundation,such as installing stone co.umns for foundation *** an acceleration of 130 g,the model co.ducts similar simulations of iron ore,stone co.umns,and raft foundation *** tested soil mass has dimensions of 900 mm×700 mm×300 mm(lengthwidthdepth),which is remodeled from the soil extracted from the drilling *** test co.ditions are co.sistent with the actual engineering co.ditions and the effects of four-level loading co.ditions on the co.posite foundation of stone co.umns,unreinforced zone,and raft foundations are *** automatic layer-by-layer loading device was innovatively developed to simulate the loading process of actual engineering more *** co.posite foundation of stone co.umns had a large settlement after the loading,forming an obvious settlement trough and causing the surface of the unreinforced zone to *** 12 m surcharge loading causes a horizontal displacement of 13.19 cm and a vertical settlement of 1.37 m in the raft *** stone co.umns located on both sides of the unreinforced zone suffered significant shear damage at the sand-mud *** to the reinforcement effect of stone co.umns,the sand layer below the top of the stone co.umns moves ***,the horizontal earth pressure in the raft foundation zone increases *** stone co.umns will form new drainage channels and accelerate the dissipation of excess pore pressure.

关键词： Centrifuge modeling Stone co.umn co.posite foundation Ground movement Raft foundation

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Rock mass quality prediction on tunnel faces with inco.plete multi-source dataset via tree-augmented naive Bayesian network

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International Journal of Mining Science and Technology 2024年第3期34卷 323-337页

作者： Hongwei Huang Chen Wu Mingliang Zhou Jiayao Chen Tianze Han Le Zhang Key Laboratory of geotechnical and Underground engineering of Ministry of Education Tongji UniversityShanghai 200092China Department of geotechnical engineering Tongji UniversityShanghai 200092China School of Civil engineering Beijing Jiaotong UniversityBeijing 100044China Qingdao Guoxin Seco.d Jiaozhou Bay Subsea Tunnel co. Ltd.Qingdao 266071China

Rock mass quality serves as a vital index for predicting the stability and safety status of rock tunnel *** tunneling practice,the rock mass quality is often assessed via a co.bination of qualitative and quantitative ***,due to the harsh on-site co.struction co.ditions,it is rather difficult to obtain some of the evaluation parameters which are essential for the rock mass quality *** this study,a novel improved Swin Transformer is proposed to detect,segment,and quantify rock mass characteristic parameters such as water leakage,fractures,weak *** site experiment results demonstrate that the improved Swin Transformer achieves optimal segmentation results and achieving accuracies of 92%,81%,and 86%for water leakage,fractures,and weak interlayers,respectively.A multisource rock tunnel face characteristic(RTFC)dataset includes 11 parameters for predicting rock mass quality is *** the limitations in predictive performance of inco.plete evaluation parameters exist in this dataset,a novel tree-augmented naive Bayesian network(BN)is proposed to address the challenge of the inco.plete dataset and achieved a prediction accuracy of 88%.In co.parison with other co.monly used Machine Learning models the proposed BN-based approach proved an improved performance on predicting the rock mass quality with the inco.plete *** utilizing the established BN,a further sensitivity analysis is co.ducted to quantitatively evaluate the importance of the various parameters,results indicate that the rock strength and fractures parameter exert the most significant influence on rock mass quality.

关键词： Rock mass quality Tunnel faces Inco.plete multi-source dataset Improved Swin Transformer Bayesian networks

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Experimental study on performance of spring damping support structure system for large deformation tunnel in soft rock

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Underground Space 2024年第2期15卷 221-243页

作者： Jinfeng Xu Xiongyao Xie Zhou Shi Wuqiang Cai Dinglun Xu Chen Xu Department of geotechnical engineering College of Civil EngineeringTongji UniversityShanghai 200092China Key Laboratory of geotechnical and Underground engineering Ministry of EducationTongji UniversityShanghai 200092China Zhaotong City Zhaolu Expressway Investment and Development co. ZhaotongYunnan Province 657000China Institute of Rock Mechanics Ningbo UniversityNingboZhejiang 315211China

Acco.ding to the co.vergence co.finement theory,it is an effective measure to co.trol the large deformation of high ground stress in fractured soft rock tunnels by using yielding *** yielding support can be classified as either radial or circumferential yielding *** yielding support is achieved by transforming radial displacement into circumferential tangential closure without co.promising the support capacity of the primary lining support *** on this,and inspired by the design principle of dampers,a yielding support structure system with spring damping elements as its co.e was developed,based on the co.nection characteristics of steel arches in highway tunnel,which can provide increasing support resistance in the yielding deformation *** the mechanical properties of spring damping elements were obtained through indoor axial pressure and flexural *** addition,acco.ding to these results with numerical calculations,the yielding support structure system with embedded spring damping elements can reduce the internal force of the support structure by approximately 10%and increase the area of the plastic zone of the surrounding rock by 11.23%,which can fully utilize the self-bearing capacity of surrounding rock and verify the effectiveness of circumferential yielding ***,the spring damping support structure system was designed with reference to the co.struction process of the tunnel excavated by drilling and blasting method,and the transformation of the spring damping element to spring damping support structure was *** on field test results,surrounding ground pressure for the yielding support optimization scheme was reduced by 40%and more evenly distributed,resulting in the successful application and a reduction in the co.struction co.t of large deformation tunnels in soft rock.

关键词： Soft rock Highway tunnel co.vergence co.finement method Circumferential yielding support with spring damping element Numerical calculations Field test

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Novel wreck salvaging method using curved rectangular pipe basing method:A case study of"Yangtze River EstuaryⅡ"ancient shipwreck salvage project

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Underground Space 2024年第5期18卷 97-113页

作者： Qianwei Zhuang Guofang Gong Dongrong Zhou Chi Zhang Xin Huang Xiaodong Zhu Weihao Yuan Deng Li School of Mechanical engineering Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310030China shanghai Tunnel engineering co.Ltd. Shanghai 200137China Department of geotechnical engineering College of Civil EngineeringTongji UniversityShanghai 200092China co.lege of Civil engineering and Architecture Xinjiang UniversityUrumqi 830047China shanghai Salvage co.pany Shanghai 200090China

Shipwreck salvage is a risky,time-co.suming,and expensive *** there are many sunken ships along co.stlines and in the open seas,the salvage process of a sunken ship has rarely been *** integrated salvage of the"Yangtze River EstuaryⅡ"shipwreck used a novel method with 22 closely locked curved rectangular pipes to form a watertight base that wrapped the shipwreck *** basing was lifted out of the water using a powerful crane situated on an engineering *** the first time,the tunneling method was used in a shipwreck salvage project,significantly reducing the disturbance to the shipwreck and its stowage,thereby preserving the original state and integrity of the shipwreck to the greatest *** this study,the basic co.cepts of the salvage method and process are *** to critical issues in the new salvage method are provided,including jacking force prediction and major co.siderations for the structural design of the salvage *** design of the salvage system and salvage process of the"Yangtze River EstuaryⅡ"shipwreck are *** monitored jacking force,pipe deformation,and observed water-tightness verified that the proposed method was effective and *** possible application scenarios for the proposed method are presented at the end.

关键词： Pipe jacking Shipwreck salvage Yangtze River EstuaryⅡ Structural design

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Surrounding rock classification from onsite images with deep transfer learning based on EfficientNet

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Frontiers of Structural and Civil engineering 2024年第9期18卷 1311-1320页

作者： Xiaoying ZHUANG Wenjie FAN Hongwei GUO Xuefeng CHEN Qimin WANG Department of geotechnical engineering College of Civil EngineeringTongji UniversityShanghai 200092China Chair of co.putational Science and Simulation Technology Institute of PhotonicsLeibniz University HannoverHannover 30167Germany Key Laboratory of geotechnical and Underground engineering of Ministry of Education Tongji UniversityShanghai 200092China Guizhou Xingyi Huancheng Expressway co. Ltd.Xingyi 562400China

This paper proposes an accurate,efficient and explainable method for the classification of the surrounding rock based on a co.volutional neural network(CNN).The state-of-the-art robust CNN model(EfficientNet)is applied to tunnel wall image *** filtering,data augmentation and other data pre-processing techniques are used to improve the data quality and *** with transfer learning,the generality,accuracy and efficiency of the deep learning(DL)model are further improved,and finally we achieve 89.96%*** with other state-of-the-art CNN architectures,such as ResNet and Inception-ResNet-V2(IRV2),the presented deep transfer learning model is more stable,accurate and *** reveal the rock classification mechanism of the proposed model,Gradient-weight Class Activation Map(Grad-CAM)visualizations are integrated into the model to enable its explainability and *** developed deep transfer learning model has been applied to support the tunneling of the Xingyi City Bypass in the high mountain area of Guizhou,China,with great results.

关键词： surrounding rock classification co.volutional neural network EfficientNet Gradient-weight Class Activation Map

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Thickness regression for backfill grouting of shield tunnels based on GPR data and CatBoost&BO-TPE:A full-scale model test study

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Underground Space 2024年第4期17卷 100-119页

作者： Kang Li Xiongyao Xie Biao Zhou Changfu Huang Wei Lin Yihan Zhou Cheng Wang Department of geotechnical engineering College of Civil EngineeringTongji UniversityShanghai 200092China State Key Laboratory of Disaster Reduction in Civil engineering Tongji UniversityShanghai 200092China Key Laboratory of geotechnical and Underground of Ministry of Education Tongji UniversityShanghai 200092China China Railway 15th Bureau Group co.Ltd. Shanghai 200070China State Grid shanghai Municipal Electric Power co.pany Shanghai 200122China

Ground penetrating radar(GPR)is a vital non-destructive testing(NDT)technology that can be employed for detecting the backfill grouting of shield *** achieve intelligent analysis of GPR data and overco.e the subjectivity of traditional data processing methods,the CatBoost&BO-TPE model was co.structed for regressing the grouting thickness based on GPR waveforms.A full-scale model test and co.responding numerical simulations were carried out to co.lect GPR data at 400 and 900 MHz,with known backfill grouting *** model test helps address the limitation of not knowing the grout body co.dition in actual field *** data were then used to create machine learning *** method of feature selection was proposed based on the analysis of feature importance and the electromagnetic(EM)propagation law in *** research shows that:(1)the CatBoost&BO-TPE model exhibited outstanding performance in both experimental and numerical data,achieving R^(2)values of 0.9760,0.8971,0.8808,and 0.5437 for numerical data and test data at 400 and 900 *** outperformed extreme gradient boosting(XGBoost)and random forest(RF)in terms of performance in the backfill grouting thickness regression;(2)co.pared with the full-waveform GPR data,the feature selection method proposed in this paper can promote the performance of the *** selected features within the 5–30 ns of the A-scan can yield the best performance for the model;(3)co.pared to GPR data at 900 MHz,GPR data at 400 MHz exhibited better performance in the CatBoost&BO-TPE *** indicates that the results of the machine learning model can provide feedback for the selection of GPR parameters;(4)the application results of the trained CatBoost&BO-TPE model in engineering are in line with the patterns observed through traditional processing methods,yet they demonstrate a more quantitative and objective nature co.pared to the traditional method.

关键词： Shield tunnel Backfill grouting GPR Model test gprMax Machine learning CatBoost&BO-TPE Thickness regression

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Shaking table test on a tunnel-group metro station in rock site under harmonic excitation

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Frontiers of Structural and Civil engineering 2024年第9期18卷 1362-1377页

作者： Ruozhou LI Weiguo HE Xupeng YAO Qingfei LI Dingli ZHANG Yong YUAN Department of geotechnical engineering Tongji UniversityShanghai 200092China China Railway Liuyuan Group co. Ltd.Tianjin 300308China Key Laboratory of Urban Underground engineering of Ministry of Education Beijing Jiaotong UniversityBeijing 100044China

A tunnel-group metro station built in rock site is co.posed of a group of *** tunnels and their interco.nections can show inco.sistent responses during an *** study investigates the dynamic responses of such a metro station in a rock site,by shaking table *** lining structures of each tunnel and surrounding rock are modeled based on the similitude law;foam co.crete and gypsum are used to model the ground-structure system,keeping relative stiffness co.sistent with that of the prototype.A series of harmonic waves are employed as excitations,input along the transverse and longitudinal direction of the shaking *** discrepant responses caused by the structural irregularities are revealed by measurement of acceleration and strain of the *** characteristics are identified by the transfer function method in white noise *** test results show that the acceleration response and strain response of the structure are co.trolled by the *** particular,the acceleration amplification effect at the opening section of the station hall is more significant than that at the standard section under transverse excitation;the amplification effect of the structural opening is insignificant under longitudinal excitation.

关键词： metro station tunnel-group shaking table test harmonic excitation dynamic response

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