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A new horizon for neuroscience:terahertz biotechnology in brain research

Neural Regeneration research 2025年第2期20卷 309-325页

作者： Zhengping Pu Yu Wu Zhongjie Zhu Hongwei Zhao Donghong Cui shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders Shanghai Mental Health CenterShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina Department of Psychiatry Kangci Hospital of JiaxingTongxiangZhejiang ProvinceChina shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility Shanghai Advanced Research InstituteChinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology Shanghai Institute of Applied PhysicsChinese Academy of ScienceShanghaiChina National Facility for Protein Science in shanghai Shanghai Advanced Research InstituteChinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina

Terahertz biotechnology has been increasingly applied in various biomedical fields and has especially shown great potential for application in brain *** this article,we review the development of terahertz biotechnology and its applications in the field of *** evidence indicates promising prospects for the use of terahertz spectroscopy and terahertz imaging techniques in the diagnosis of amyloid disease,cerebrovascular disease,glioma,psychiatric disease,traumatic brain injury,and myelin *** vitro and animal experiments have also demonstrated the potential therapeutic value of terahertz technology in some neuropsychiatric *** the precise underlying mechanism of the interactions between terahertz electromagnetic waves and the biosystem is not yet fully understood,the research progress in this field shows great potential for biomedical noninvasive diagnostic and therapeutic ***,the biosafety of terahertz radiation requires further exploration regarding its two-sided efficacy in practical *** review demonstrates that terahertz biotechnology has the potential to be a promising method in the field of neuropsychiatry based on its unique advantages.

关键词： biological effect brain neuron neuropsychiatry neuroscience non-thermal effect terahertz imaging terahertz radiation terahertz spectroscopy terahertz technology

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Traffic safety helmet wear detection based on improved YOLOv5 network

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Optoelectronics Letters 2025年第1期21卷 35-42页

作者： GUI Dongdong SUN Bo College of Software Southeast University Quanzhou equipment research Centre Haixi Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences

Aiming at the problem that the current traffic safety helmet detection model can't balance the accuracy of detection with the size of the model and the poor generalization of the model, a method based on improving you only look once version 5(YOLOv5) is proposed. By incorporating the lightweight Ghost Net module into the YOLOv5 backbone network, we effectively reduce the model size. The addition of the receptive fields block(RFB) module enhances feature extraction and improves the feature acquisition capability of the lightweight model. Subsequently, the high-performance lightweight convolution, GSConv, is integrated into the neck structure for further model size compression. Moreover, the baseline model's loss function is substituted with efficient insertion over union(EIoU), accelerating network convergence and enhancing detection precision. Experimental results corroborate the effectiveness of this improved algorithm in real-world traffic scenarios.

关键词： Traffic control

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Experimental Study on Diesel Spray and Flame Asymmetry Characteristics of Dual-Orifice Nozzles for a Medium-Speed Engine

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Journal of Thermal Science 2025年第1期34卷 303-322页

作者： JU Dehao LIU Rui ZHENG Liang DENG Jiahui ZHANG Wenzheng HUO Jinlu HUANG Li shanghai Marine Diesel Engine research institute National Key Laboratory of Marine Engine Science and Technology Key Laboratory for Power Machinery and Engineering Ministry of EducationShanghai Jiao Tong University

The asymmetry of the multi-orifice spray will cause uneven heat load of the marine diesel engine,thereby affecting its working performance and service ***,an in-depth understanding of the spray and flame characteristics of multi-orifice nozzles will guide the optimization of the nozzle structure,needle design and diesel atomization and combustion *** this reason,four groups of dual-orifice nozzles with different hole diameters(0.1-0.55 mm) and mass flow rates covering the typical marine medium-speed diesel injections are designed and customized,and the constant volume chamber(CVC) with high temperature and pressure is used to simulate the actual in-cylinder working conditions of the diesel engine for the spray visualization *** study the asymmetry of the fuel sprays discharged from a diesel injector,the multi-orifice nozzle is simplified as a dual-orifice nozzle in this *** with X-ray Computed Tomography(CT) imaging technology,the influences of the nozzle internal structure on the spray and flame asymmetry are studied in the constructed supercritical *** is found that the asymmetry of the inlet angle and the equivalent length-diameter ratio is positively correlated with the inconsistency of the dual *** an increase in the injection pressure and nozzle diameter,the asymmetry of the dual spray becomes more pronounced,resulting in greater disparities in the ignition delay times and ignition positions of the two ***,the increase in nozzle diameter also leads to combustion instability,resulting in a flame with a serrated *** the increase of ambient temperature,the proportion of liquid phase in the jet decreases and the relative density of spray front decreases.

关键词： atomization dual-orifice nozzle nozzle structure spray flame asymmetry

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Domain generalization with semi-supervised learning for people-centric activity recognition

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2025年第1期68卷 171-188页

作者： Jing LIU Wei ZHU Di LI Xing HU Liang SONG Academy for Engineering & Technology Fudan University shanghai East-bund research institute on Networking Systems of AI School of Optoelectronic Information and Computer Engineering University of Shanghai for Science & Technology

People-centric activity recognition is one of the most critical technologies in a wide range of real-world applications,including intelligent transportation systems, healthcare services, and brain-computer interfaces. Large-scale data collection and annotation make the application of machine learning algorithms prohibitively expensive when adapting to new tasks. One way of circumventing this limitation is to train the model in a semi-supervised learning manner that utilizes a percentage of unlabeled data to reduce the labeling burden in prediction tasks. Despite their appeal, these models often assume that labeled and unlabeled data come from similar distributions, which leads to the domain shift problem caused by the presence of distribution gaps. To address these limitations, we propose herein a novel method for people-centric activity recognition,called domain generalization with semi-supervised learning(DGSSL), that effectively enhances the representation learning and domain alignment capabilities of a model. We first design a new autoregressive discriminator for adversarial training between unlabeled and labeled source domains, extracting domain-specific features to reduce the distribution gaps. Second, we introduce two reconstruction tasks to capture the task-specific features to avoid losing information related to representation learning while maintaining task-specific consistency. Finally, benefiting from the collaborative optimization of these two tasks, the model can accurately predict both the domain and category labels of the source domains for the classification task. We conduct extensive experiments on three real-world sensing datasets. The experimental results show that DGSSL surpasses the three state-of-the-art methods with better performance and generalization.

关键词： activity recognition deep learning domain generalization semi-supervised learning adversarial training

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Morphological Mechanism and Experimental Verification of Self-healing of Basalt-fiber Modified Water-soaked Asphalt

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Journal of Wuhan University of Technology(Materials Science) 2025年第1期40卷 171-186页

作者： XIAO Minmin DONG Jinyong LI Chunyan GUO Xu REN Jianguo School of Urban Construction and Safety Engineering Shanghai Institute of TechnologyShanghai 201418China

This study investigates the mechanism of action of representative molecules of basalt fibers on the healing of water-soaked *** parameters,morphological characteristics,interfacial healing energy,and interfacial healing strength were analyzed using molecular dynamics and macroscopic tests under different time,temperature,and water conditions to evaluate the specific states and critical conditions involved in *** results indicate that basalt-fiber molecules can induce rearrangement and a combination of water-soaked asphalt at the healing *** groups with different bonding states increase the interfacial adsorption capacity of water-soaked *** interaction between basalt fiber molecules and water molecules leads to a"hoop"phenomenon,while aromatics-2 molecules exhibit a"ring band aggregation"*** former reduces the miscibility of water and asphalt molecules,while the latter causes slow diffusion of the ***,a micro-macro dual-scale comparison of interfacial healing strength was conducted at temperatures of 297.15 and 312.15 K to identify the strength transition point and critical temperature of 299.4 K during the self-healing process of basalt-fiber modified water-soaked asphalt.

关键词： water-soaked asphalt basalt-fibers self-healing properties moisture status molecular characterization

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Establishment of human cerebral organoid systems to model early neural development and assess the central neurotoxicity of environmental toxins

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Neural Regeneration research 2025年第1期20卷 242-252页

作者： Daiyu Hu Yuanqing Cao Chenglin Cai Guangming Wang Min Zhou Luying Peng Yantao Fan Qiong Lai Zhengliang Gao Fundamental research Center Shanghai Yangzhi Rehabilitation Hospital(Shanghai Sunshine Rehabilitation Center)School of MedicineTongji UniversityShanghaiChina institute of Geriatrics(shanghai University) Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University(The Sixth People’s Hospital of Nantong)Shanghai University School of MedicineNantongJiangsu ProvinceChina shanghai Engineering research Center of Organ Repair Shanghai University School of MedicineShanghaiChina Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias Ministry of EducationShanghai East HospitalSchool of MedicineTongji UniversityShanghaiChina

Human brain development is a complex process,and animal models often have significant *** address this,researchers have developed pluripotent stem cell-derived three-dimensional structures,known as brain-like organoids,to more accurately model early human brain development and *** enable more consistent and intuitive reproduction of early brain development,in this study,we incorporated forebrain organoid culture technology into the traditional unguided method of brain organoid *** involved embedding organoids in matrigel for only 7 days during the rapid expansion phase of the neural epithelium and then removing them from the matrigel for further cultivation,resulting in a new type of human brain organoid *** cerebral organoid system replicated the temporospatial characteristics of early human brain development,including neuroepithelium derivation,neural progenitor cell production and maintenance,neuron differentiation and migration,and cortical layer patterning and formation,providing more consistent and reproducible organoids for developmental modeling and toxicology *** a proof of concept,we applied the heavy metal cadmium to this newly improved organoid system to test whether it could be used to evaluate the neurotoxicity of environmental *** organoids exposed to cadmium for 7 or 14 days manifested severe damage and abnormalities in their neurodevelopmental patterns,including bursts of cortical cell death and premature *** exposure caused progressive depletion of neural progenitor cells and loss of organoid integrity,accompanied by compensatory cell proliferation at ectopic *** convenience,flexibility,and controllability of this newly developed organoid platform make it a powerful and affordable alternative to animal models for use in neurodevelopmental,neurological,and neurotoxicological studies.

关键词： cadmium cell death cell proliferation cortical development environmental toxins neural progenitor cells neurogenesis neurotoxicology organoids stem cells

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Recent advances in exploring new blood-based biomarkers for the early diagnosis of gastric cancer

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Science China Chemistry 2025年第1期68卷 35-45页

作者： Xinyu Peng Qian Ma Da Han School of Life Science Shanghai University institute of Molecular Medicine Shanghai Key Laboratory for Nucleic Acid Chemistry and Nanomedicine State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes Renji Hospital School of Medicine Shanghai Jiao Tong University Department of research and Development Intellinosis Biotechnologies Co.Ltd.

Gastric cancer(GC) is a prevalent and lethal malignancy worldwide, and the 5-year survival rate is less than 30%. The absence of distinctive symptoms often leads to late-stage diagnosis, contributing to a grim prognosis. Early detection is pivotal for improving the survival rates and outcomes of GC patients. Traditional diagnostic methods, including gastroscopy and histopathological examination, are restricted in the early diagnosis of GC. Conventional protein biomarkers, such as carcinoembryonic antigen(CEA), carbohydrate antigen 19-9(CA19-9), and carbohydrate antigen 72-4(CA72-4), exhibit insufficient sensitivity and specificity for GC screening, which diminishes their clinical value. Recently, novel circulating biomarkers, such as circulating tumor cells(CTCs), circulating tumor cell DNA(ct DNA), and circulating free RNA(cf RNA), have emerged as promising candidates in the burgeoning field of liquid biopsy due to their superior sensitivity and specificity. This review focuses on the latest research on blood-based biomarkers for GC diagnosis and examines the clinical potentials and challenges associated with these emerging biomarkers.

关键词： gastric cancer early diagnosis blood

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Graphene oxide wrapped-silica microspheres humidity sensor with fast response/recovery, high sensitivity, and selectivity for pig respiratory rate monitoring

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Science China Technological Sciences 2025年

作者： Jing LI Bo LI Ziqi LIAO Yunhui DUAN Xinglan FU Yuehua HUANG Guanglin LI College of Engineering and Technology Southwest University Modern Agricultural equipment research institute Xihua University

Respiratory rate monitoring is of great significance in pig healthy breeding for the early detection and timely prevention of respiratory diseases. Humidity sensing is an important noncontact method to monitor pig respiration, which does not cause direct harm to pigs and meets the requirements of animal welfare. This paper proposes a humidity sensor based on graphene oxide wrapped-silica microspheres （GO@SiO2）. First, the sensor shows fast response/recovery performances of0.24/0.73 s. Experiments demonstrate that the wrapped microsphere structure can inhibit water aggregation. It is speculated that the wrapped microsphere structure can inhibit the stacking of GO, and its curved surface can promote the evaporation of water molecules. Second, the sensor shows a high sensitivity of 1.2%/%RH–4.2%/%RH in 11%–95%RH range. This can be attributed to different sensing mechanisms, from hopping transport to increasing ion transport, leading to a significant change in the sensor’s resistance. Third, the sensor shows selectivity to water molecules due to the hydrophilic characteristic of GO and the significant increase in conductivity by ion transport. Finally, the sensor is applied to realize the respiratory rate monitoring of adult pigs and piglets.

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Identification of a dual functional betulinic acid analog for the treatment of osteoarthritis by phenotypic screening

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Science China Life Sciences 2025年第1期68卷 300-302页

作者： Ze-Min Lin Mai Xiang Wen-Hui Wei Shu-Hui Fan Li Chen Jie Wang Xiao-Qian Yang Chun-Hao Yang Shi-Jun He Jian-Ping Zuo Laboratory of Immunopharmacology State Key Laboratory of Drug ResearchShanghai Institute of Materia MedicaChinese Academy of Sciences School of Pharmacy University of Chinese Academy of Sciences School of Pharmacy Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine State Key Laboratory of Drug research Department of Medicinal ChemistryShanghai Institute of Materia MedicaChinese Academy of Sciences Innovation research institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Experiment Center for Science and Technology Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine

Dear Editor, Phenotypic drug discovery, which observes compound effects on physiology,has given way to targeting specific molecules, but has revived by using modern methods to find drugs based on therapeutic outcomes in disease models(Vincent et al., 2022). Osteoarthritis(OA) is a prevalent chronic joint disorder, primarily affecting knee joints, with osteoclast activation due to low-grade inflammation resulting in increased bone resorption and structural changes in the joint(Katz et al.,2021).

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ImSpiRE: image feature-aided spatial resolution enhancement method

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Science China Life Sciences 2025年第1期68卷 272-283页

作者： Yuwei Hua Yizhi Zhang Zhenming Guo Shan Bian Yong Zhang State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases and Medical Innovation Center Institute for Regenerative MedicineDepartment of NeurosurgeryShanghai East HospitalShanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease ResearchFrontier Science Center for Stem Cell ResearchSchool of Life Sciences and TechnologyTongji University

The resolution of most spatially resolved transcriptomic technologies usually cannot attain the single-cell level, limiting their applications in biological discoveries. Here, we introduce ImSpiRE, an image feature-aided spatial resolution enhancement method for in situ capturing spatial transcriptome. Taking the information stored in histological images, ImSpiRE solves an optimal transport problem to redistribute the expression profiles of spots to construct new transcriptional profiles with enhanced resolution, together with extending the gene expression profiles into unmeasured regions. Applications to multiple datasets confirm that ImSpiRE can enhance spatial resolution to the subspot level while contributing to the discovery of tissue domains, signaling communication patterns, and spatiotemporal characterization.

关键词： spatial transcriptome histological images spatial resolution enhancement

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