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Potassium alleviated high nitrogen-induced apple growth inhibition by regulating photosynthetic nitrogen allocation and enhancing nitrogen utilization capacity

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Horticultural Plant Journal 2024年第1期10卷 1-14页

作者： Xinxiang Xu Guangyuan Liu Jingquan Liu Mengxue Lyu Fen Wang Yue Xing Hao Meng Min Li Yu Jiang Ge Tian Zhanling Zhu Yuanmao Jiang shunfeng Ge State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology College of Horticulture Science and EngineeringShandong Agricultural UniversityTai'anShandong 271018China Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology in Universities of shandong College of Biological and Agricultural EngineeringWeifang UniversityWeifangShandong 261061China

There is a close relationship between potassium(K)and nitrogen(N).However,the roles of K under high N conditions remain *** a hydroponics approach,we monitored the morphological,physiological,and molecular changes in M9T337 apple(Malus domestica)rootstocks under different nitrate(10 and 30 mmol·L^(-1)NO_(3)^(-))and K supply(0.5,6,10,and 20 mmol·L_(-1)K^(+))*** revealed that high nitrate inhibited the root growth of M9T337 rootstocks,downregulated the expressions of K transporter genes(MdPT5,MdHKT1,and MdATK1),and reduced the net NO3-and K+influx at the surface of roots,thereby resulting in an N/K imbalance in *** investigation showed that 10 mmol·L^(-1)K increased the activity of N metabolic enzymes(NR,GS,NiR,and GOGAT),upregulated the expressions of genes related to nitrate uptake and transport(MdNRT1.1,MdNRT1.2,MdNRT1.5,and MdNRT2.4),promoted15N transport from the roots to the shoots,optimized leaf N distribution,and improved photosynthetic N utilization efficiency under high nitrate *** results suggest that the negative effects of high nitrate may be related to the N/K imbalance and that reducing N/K in plants by increasing K supply level can effectively alleviate the inhibition of N assimilation by high nitrate stress.

关键词： Apple rootstock K level High nitrate stress N metabolism ^(15)N

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Expanding the scope of CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing in plants using an xCas9 and Cas9-NG hybrid^FA

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2020年第4期62卷 398-402页

作者： Qingfeng Niu Siqun Wu Yansha Li Xiaoxuan Yang Ping Liu Yaping Xu Zhaobo Lang Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology and National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular GeneticsCenter of Excellence in Molecular Plant SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200032China shandong shunfeng biotechnology co. LtdJinan 250000China

The widely used Streptococcus pyogenes Cas9(SpCas9)requires NGG as a protospacer adjacent motif(PAM)for genome *** Sp Cas9 is a powerful genome-editing tool,its use has been limited on the targetable genomic locus lacking NGG *** Sp Cas9 variants xCas9 and Cas9-NG have been developed to recognize NG,GAA,and GAT PAMs in human cel ***,we show that xCas9 cannot recognize NG PAMs in tomato,and Cas9-NG can recognize some of our tested NG PAMs in the tomato and Arabidopsis *** addition,we engineered BrSp Cas9(XNG-Cas9)based on mutations from both xCas9 and Cas9-NG,and found that XNG-Cas9 can efficiently mutagenize endogenous target sites with NG,GAG,GAA,and GAT PAMs in the tomato or Arabidopsis *** PAM compatibility of XNG-Cas9 is the broadest reported to date among Cas9 s(SpCas9 and Cas9-NG)active in plant.

关键词： CRISPR/Cas9 editing spacer

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Cut-dip-budding delivery system enables genetic modifications in plants without tissue culture

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The Innovation 2023年第1期4卷 1-8页

作者： Xuesong Cao Hongtao Xie Minglei Song Jinghua Lu Ping Ma Boyu Huang Mugui Wang Yifu Tian Fan Chen Jun Peng Zhaobo Lang Guofu Li Jian-Kang Zhu Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 201602China shandong shunfeng biotechnology co.ltd. Jinan 250000China University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Institute of Advanced biotechnology and School of Life Sciences Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen 518055China Center for Advanced Bioindustry Technologies Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081China Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory Sanya 572025China

Of the more than 370000 species of higher plants in nature,fewer than 0.1%can be geneticallymodified due to limitations of the current gene delivery *** for those that can be genetically modified,the modification involves a tedious and costly tissue culture ***,we describe an extremely simple cut-dip-budding(CDB)delivery system,which uses Agrobacterium rhizogene to inoculate explants,generating transformed roots that produce transformed buds due to root *** have successfully used CDB to achieve the heritable transformation of plant species inmultiple plant families,including two herbaceous plants(Taraxacum kok-saghyz and coronilla varia),a tuberous root plant(sweet potato),and three woody plant species(Ailanthus altissima,Aralia elata,and Clerodendrum chinense).These plants have previously been difficult or impossible to transform,but the CDB method enabled efficient transformation or gene editing in them using a very simple explant dipping protocol,under non-sterile conditions and without the need for tissue *** work suggests that large numbers of plants could be amenable to genetic modifications using the CDB method.

关键词： process. enable transformed

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Gross Nitrification Rates and Nitrous Oxide Emissions in an Apple Orchard Soil in Northeast China

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Pedosphere 2015年第4期25卷 622-630页

作者： GE shunfeng JIANG Yuanmao WEI Shaochong State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology College of Horticulture Science and Engineering Shandong Agricultural University

A better understanding of nitrogen(N) transformation in agricultural soils is crucial for the development of sustainable and environmental-friendly N fertilizer management and the proposal of effective N2 O mitigation strategies. This study aimed: i) to elucidate the seasonal dynamic of gross nitrification rate and N2 O emission, ii) to determine the influence of soil conditions on the gross nitrification, and iii) to confirm the relationship between gross nitrification and N2 O emissions in the soil of an apple orchard in Yantai, Northeast China. The gross nitrification rates and N2 O fluxes were examined from March to October in 2009, 2010, and 2011 using the barometric process separation(Ba PS) technique and the static chamber method. During the wet seasons gross nitrification rates were 1.64 times higher than those under dry season conditions. Multiple regression analysis revealed that gross nitrification rates were significantly correlated with soil temperature and soil water-filled pore space(WFPS). The relationship between gross nitrification rates and soil WFPS followed an optimum curve peaking at 60% WFPS. Nitrous oxide fluxes varied widely from March to October and were stimulated by N fertilizer application. Statistically significant positive correlations were found between gross nitrification rates and soil N2 O emissions. Further evaluation indicated that gross nitrification contributed significantly to N2 O formation during the dry season(about 86%) but to a lesser degree during the wet season(about 51%). Therefore, gross nitrification is a key process for the formation of N2 O in soils of apple orchard ecosystems of the geographical region.

关键词：氧化氮排放量硝化速率果园土壤东北地区正相关关系季节动态多元回归分析 N20

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Soil Fertility,Microbial Biomass,and Microbial Functional Diversity Responses to Four Years Fertilization in an Apple Orchard in North China

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Horticultural Plant Journal 2020年第4期6卷 223-230页

作者： Zhanling Zhu Yan Bai Minglu Lv Ge Tian Xin Zhang Li Li Yuanmao Jiang shunfeng Ge State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology College of Horticulture Science and EngineeringShandong Agricultural UniversityTai’anShandong 271018China National Agro-technical Extension and Service Center Beijing 100125China

Soil microbial communities play an essential role in maintaining soil fertility and are considered as ecological indicators to evaluate soil *** the present study,we examined the influence of almost 4 years of fertilization[no fertilizer(CK),nitrogen alone(N),nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium chemical fertilizer(NPK),organicmanure(M),nitrogen plus organic manure(NM),and NPK plus organic manure(NPKM)]on soil fertility and the functional diversity of soil microbial communities in an apple *** to CK,fertilization increased soil organic carbon,total nitrogen,and available nutrients,but reduced soil pH in N and NPK *** highest microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen,most probable number of actinomycetes,bacteria,and fungi occurred in the NPKM *** average well color development(AWCD)values followed the order of NPKM>M>NPK and NM>CK and *** Shannon index in organic manure treatments were significantly higher than in control and in treatments without organic *** principal component analysis showed that manure treatment was significantly separated from other *** results indicated that organic manure applied alone or in combination with chemical fertilizers would increase soil fertility and functional diversity of soil microbial ***,applying balanced N,P,K fertilizer in combination with organic manure was found to be superior to the use of a single fertilizer in improving soil microbial community quality.

关键词： apple orchard fertilization soil fertility soil microbial community functional diversity

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Soil Nutrient Status and Leaf Nutrient Diagnosis in the Main Apple Producing Regions in China

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Horticultural Plant Journal 2018年第3期4卷 89-93页

作者： GE shunfeng ZHU Zhanling PENG Ling CHEN Qian JIANG Yuanmao State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology College of Horticulture Science and EngineeringShandong Agricultural University

Soil and leaf nutrient analysis are widely used as effective methods of diagnosing nutrient deficiency in fruit trees,the results of which are used to properly manage fertilizer ***,a survey was conducted for assessment of the soil nutrient status and leaf nutrient concentration in 2 827 apple orchards in the Bohai Bay and Loess Plateau apple production regions of *** soil organic matter,alkali hydrolyzable N,available P,and available K were 10.91 g·kg^(-1),73.21 mg·kg^(-1),70.22 mg·kg^(-1),and 169.23 mg·kg^(-1)in the Bohai Bay region,respectively,and 11.72 g·kg^(-1),56.46 mg·kg^(-1),14.91 mg·kg^(-1),and 135.78 mg·kg^(-1)in the Loess Plateau region,*** organic matter was at a medium-to-low level in both regions,whereas the soil alkali hydrolyzable N was *** the Bohai Bay region,soil available P was high,but soil available K was *** contrast,both soil available P and K were insufficient in the Loess Plateau *** Diagnosis and Recommendation Integrated System(DRIS)diagnostic results indicated that the most deficient elements were Ca and K in low-yielding orchards(commended to improve soil quality in the two apple producing regions.

关键词： apple soil nutrition leaf nutrient nutrient deficiency diagnosis

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Characteristics of Soil Organic Carbon, Total Nitrogen, and C/N Ratio in Chinese Apple Orchards

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Open Journal of Soil Science 2013年第5期3卷 213-217页

作者： shunfeng Ge Haigang Xu Mengmeng Ji Yuanmao Jiang State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology College of Horticulture Science and Engineering Shandong Agricultural University Taian China State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology College of Horticulture Science and Engineering Shandong Agricultural University Taian China.

Soil organic carbon and nitrogen are used as indexes of soil quality assessment and sustainable land use management. At the same time, soil C/N ratio is a sensitive indicator of soil quality and for assessing the carbon and nitrogen nutrition balance of soils. We studied the characteristics of soil organic carbon and total nitrogen by investigating a large number of apple orchards in major apple production areas in China. High apple orchard soil organic carbon content was observed in the provinces of Heilongjiang, Xinjiang, and Yunnan, whereas low content was found in the provinces of shandong, Henan, Hebei, and Shaanxi, with the values ranging between 6.44 and 7.76 g·kg-1. Similar to soil organic carbon, soil total nitrogen content also exhibited obvious differences in the 12 major apple producing provinces. shandong apple orchard soil had the highest total nitrogen content (1.26 g·kg-1), followed by Beijing (1.23 g·kg-1). No significant difference was noted between these two regions, but their total nitrogen content was significantly higher than the other nine provinces, excluding Yunnan. The soil total nitrogen content for Xinjiang, Heilongjiang, Hebei, Henan, and Gansu was between 0.87 and 1.03 g·kg-1, which was significantly lower than that in shandong and Beijing, but significantly higher than that in Liaoning, Shanxi, and Shaanxi. Six provinces exhibited apple orchard soil C/N ratio higher than 10, including Heilongjiang (15.42), Xinjiang (13.38), Ningxia (14.45), Liaoning (12.24), Yunnan (11.03), and Gansu (10.63). The soil C/N ratio was below 10 in the remaining six provinces, in which the highest was found in Shaanxi (9.47), followed by Beijing (8.98), Henan (7.99), and Shanxi (7.62), and the lowest was found in Hebei (6.80) and shandong (6.05). Therefore, the improvement of soil organic carbon should be given more attention to increase the steady growth of soil C/N ratio.

关键词： Chinese Apple Orchard Soil Organic Carbon Total Nitrogen C/N Ratio

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Effects of Soil C/N Ratio on Apple Growth and Nitrogen Utilization,Residue and Loss

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Asian Agricultural Research 2014年第2期6卷 69-72,76页

作者： shunfeng GE Yihua REN Ling PENG Haigang XU Mengmeng JI Shaochong WEI Yuanmao JIANG State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology College of Horticulture Science and EngineeringShandong Agricultural University

Soil C /N ratio is an important influencing factor in soil nitrogen cycling. Two-year old apple trees( Borkh. cv. ‘Fuji'/Malus hupehensis) were used to understand the effect of soil C/N ratio [6. 52( CK),10,15,20,25,30,35 and 40]on apple growth and nitrogen utilization and loss by using15N trace technique. The results showed that,with the increasing of soil C/N ratio,apple shoot length and fresh weight increased at first,and then decreased; the higher apple shoot length and fresh weight appeared in C/N = 15,20 and 25 treatments,and there were no significant differences among these three treatments,but significantly higher than the other treatments. Statistical analysis revealed that there was significant difference in nitrogen utilization rate between the different treatments,the highest N utilization rate was occurred in soil C/N = 25 treatment which value was 22. 87%,and there was no significant difference between soil C/N = 25 and C/N = 20 treatments,but both the two treatments were significantly higher than the other treatments; Soil C/N = 40 had the lowest N utilization rate which value was 15. 43%,and this value was less than CK( 16. 65%). The proportion of plant absorption nitrogen from fertilizer was much higher when the value of soil C/N ratio in the range of 15- 25,but the percentage of plant absorption nitrogen from soil was much higher when the soil C/N ratio was too low( could increa

关键词： Soil C/N ratio Apple 15N Nitrogen utilization Nitr

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Analysis of the Efficiency-Energy with Regression and Classification in Household Using K-NN

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Journal of New Media 2019年第2期1卷 101-113页

作者： Qi Liu Zhiyun Yang Xiaodong Liu Scholas Mbonihankuye School of computer and Software Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing210044China shandong Beiming Medical Technology ltd. 777 Shunfeng RdJinan250101China School of computing Edinburgh Napier University10 Colinton RoadEdinburghEH105DTUK Jiangsu collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology(CICAEET) Nanjing University of Information Science&TechnologyNanjing210044China

This paper aims to study energy consumption in a house. Home energy managementsystem (HEMS) has become very important, because energy consumption of aresidential sector accounts for a significant amount of total energy ***, a conventional HEMS has some architectural limitations among dimensionalvariables reusability and interoperability. Furthermore, the cost of implementation inHEMS is very expensive, which leads to the disturbance of the spread of a ***, this study proposes an Internet of Things (IoT) based HEMS with lightweightphotovoltaic (PV) system over dynamic home area networks (DHANs), which enablesthe construction of a HEMS to be scalable reusable and interoperable. The study suggestsa technique for decreasing cost of energy that HEMS is using and various perspectives insystem. The method that proposed is K-NN (K-Nearest Neighbor) which helps us toanalyze the classification and regression datasets. This paper has the result from the datarelevant in October 2018 from some buildings of Nanjing University of InformationScience and Technology.

关键词： Energy management system integrated wireless technology home energystorage home automation

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On Some Legal Problems in Postal Administration

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Journal of Finance Research 2020年第1期4卷 118-129页

作者： Peng Liu Qingdao University QingdaoShandong266071China

With the development of e-commerce,the express delivery industry in China has developed *** the past,the express logistics service with postal service as the core has gradually developed into a competitive situation among many logistics companies,such as EMS,shunfeng,and“Four Tong&One Da”(Shentong Express,Yuantong Express,Zhongtong Express,Best Express,Yunda Express).With the rapid development of China’s express industry,and the development of e-commerce,the number of online shopping has increased,express has become an important choice for small goods *** a new industry in China,express service industry greatly promotes the development of social *** the rapid development of express industry,China has surpassed the United States and become the largest express country in the *** proportion of express industry in GDP has exceeded 1%,which is becoming one of the pillar industries in *** the same time,the development of the industry is not *** to the difference of service standards and the lack of service quality,the number of consumer complaints is increasing.

关键词： Express Law enforcement compensation Postal administration

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