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Insights into properties of activated carbons prepared from different raw precursors by pyrophosphoric acid activation

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2016年第3期28卷 235-243页

作者： Yuan Gao Qinyan Yue Baoyu Gao Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse School of Environmental Science and EngineeringShandong University

Low-cost activated carbons（ACs） were prepared from four kinds of solid wastes：petroleum coke,Enteromorpha prolifera,lignin from papermaking black liquid and hair,by pyrophosphoric acid（H_4P_2O_7） activation.Thermo-gravimetric analysis of the pyrolysis of H_4P_2O_7-precursor mixtures implied that H_4P_2O_7 had different influences on the pyrolysis behavior of the four raw materials.N_2 adsorption/desorption isotherms,scanning electron microscopy,Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and adsorption capacities for dyes were used to characterize the prepared activated carbons.AC derived from E.prolifera exhibited the highest surface area（1094 m^2/g） and maximum monolayer adsorption capacity for malachite green（1250 mg/g）.Kinetic studies showed that the experimental data were in agreement with the pseudo-second-order model.The adsorption isotherms were well described by the Langmuir isotherm model,indicating the adsorption of dye onto the ACs proceeded by monolayers.

关键词： Solid waste Pyrophosphoric acid Low-cost adsorbent Dye Adsorption

Preparation and photocatalytic performance study of dual Z-scheme Bi_(2)Zr_(2)O_(7)/g-C_(3)N4/Ag_(3)PO_(4) for removal of antibiotics by visible-light

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2023年第3期125卷 349-361页

作者： Zhengjun Qu Zhenyang Jing Xiaoming Chen Zexiang Wang Hongfei Ren Lihui Huang shandong key laboratory of water pollution control and resource reuse School of Environmental Science and EngineeringShandong UniversityQingdao 266237China

At present,the high re-combination rate of photogenerated carriers and the low redox capability of the photocatalyst are two factors that severely limit the improvement of photocatalytic performance.Herein,a dual Z-scheme photocatalyst bismuthzirconate/graphitic carbon nitride/silver phosphate (Bi_(2)Zr_(2)O_(7)/g-C_(3)N4/Ag_(3)PO_(4)(BCA)) was synthesized using a co-precipitation method,and a dual Z-scheme heterojunction photocatalytic system was established to decrease the high re-combination rate of photogenerated carriers and consequently improve the photocatalytic performance.The re-combination of electron-hole pairs(e-and h+) in the valence band (VB) of g-C_(3)N4increases the redox potential of e-and h+,leading to significant improvements in the redox capability of the photocatalyst and the efficiency of e--h+separation.As a photosensitizer,Ag_(3)PO_(4)can enhance the visible light absorption capacity of the photocatalyst.The prepared photocatalyst showed strong stability,which was attributed to the efficient suppression of photo-corrosion of Ag_(3)PO_(4)by transferring the e-to the VB of g-C_(3)N4.Tetracycline was degraded efficiently by BCA-10%(the BCA with 10 wt.%of AgPO_(4)) under visible light,and the degradation efficiency was up to 86.2%.This study experimentally suggested that the BCA photocatalyst has broad application prospects in removing antibiotic pollution.

关键词： Photocatalysis Bi_(2)Zr_(2)O_(7)/g-C_(3)N4/Ag_(3)PO_(4) Dual Z-scheme photocatalytic system Visible light Tetracycline

Characterization of dissolved organic matter and membrane fouling in coagulation-ultrafiltration process treating micro-polluted surface water

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2019年第1期31卷 318-324页

作者： Fan Bu Baoyu Gao Qinyan Yue Xue Shen Wenyu Wang shandong key laboratory of water pollution control and resource reuse School of Environmental Science and Engineering Shandong University

Coagulation–ultrafiltration(C–UF) is widely used for surface water treatment. With the removal of pollutants, the characteristics of organic matter change and affect the final treatment efficiency and the development of membrane fouling. In this study, we built a dynamic C–UF set-up to carry out the treatment of micro-polluted surface water, to investigate the characteristics of dissolved organic matter from different units. The influences of poly aluminum chloride and poly dimethyldiallylammonium chloride(PDMDAAC) on removal efficiency and membrane fouling were also investigated. Results showed that the dosage of PDMDAAC evidently increased the UV254 and dissolved organic carbon removal efficiencies,and thereby alleviated membrane fouling in the C–UF process. Most hydrophobic bases(HoB)and hydrophobic neutral fractions could be removed by coagulation. Similarly, UF was good at removing HoB compared to hydrophilic substances(HiS) and hydrophobic acid(HoA)fractions. HiS and HoA fractions with low molecule weight accumulated on the surface of the membrane, causing the increase of transmembrane pressure(TMP). Membrane fouling was mainly caused by a removable cake layer, and mechanical cleaning was an efficient way to decrease the TMP.

关键词： Coagulation Ultrafiltration Dissolved organic matter Membrane fouling

Aluminum formate(AF): Synthesis, characterization and application in dye wastewater treatment

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2018年第12期30卷 95-106页

作者： Moxi Xue Baoyu Gao Ruihua Li Jianzhang Sun shandong key laboratory of water pollution control and resource reuse School of Environmental Science and Engineering Shandong University

Aluminum formate（AF）, a degradable and non-corrosive coagulant, was synthesized from aluminum hydroxide and formic acid. Polyamidine（PA）, as a coagulation aid, was combined with AF for dye wastewater treatment. AF was characterized by XPS, FT-IR, viscosity, zeta potential, mass spectrum and XRD, and the flocculation properties of the dual-coagulation system were characterized by FT-IR and SEM. The results showed that COOH, Al2 O3-Al and O2-Al bonds were formed in the AF synthesis process, and AF had a higher molecular weight and higher charge neutralization ability than PAC. The hydrolysates of AF were determined to contain Al（13）Al（11） and Al2, and the components of AF were confirmed to comprise a mixture including aluminum formate（C3H3AlO6） and its hydrate. When the color removal efficiency reached 100% in jar tests, the optimized dosage of AF/PA was 18.91/0.71 mg/L,while the optimized dosage of PAC/PA was 21.19/0.91 mg/L. According to the variance analysis, the interaction between AF/PA and PAC/PA were insignificant in macroscopic view. FT-IR spectrum indicated AF captured pollutant by means of CCO bond, PAC captured pollutant by δ CH, ／CC／ and δ CH. Overall, although the coagulation mechanism of AF was different from that of PAC, AF/PA showed better coagulation efficiency than PAC/PA in dye wastewater treatment.

关键词： Aluminum formate Polyamidine Dual-coagulation Phase analysis Interaction

Synchronous removal of CuO nanoparticles and Cu2+ by polyaluminum chloride-Enteromorpha polysaccharides: Effect of Al species and pH

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2020年第2期32卷 1-11页

作者： Yuanxia Luo Baoyu Gao Jie Wang Qinyan Yue shandong key laboratory of water pollution control and resource reuse School of Environmental Science and EngineeringShandong University266000 QingdaoChina

Copper oxide nanomaterials have been extensively applied and can have serious impacts when discharged into the aquatic environment, especially when complexed with humic acid(HA) to form composite contaminants.As an innovative recycled coagulant aid,Enteromorpha polysaccharides(Ep) were associated with polyaluminum chloride(PACl)(denoted as PACl-Ep) to simultaneously remove CuO nanoparticles, Cu2+and HA in this study.The influence of different Al species coagulants(AlCl3, PAClb and PAClc) and water pH on coagulation performance, floc properties and reaction mechanisms was investigated in detail.Results showed that in the three PACl-Ep systems, PAClb-Ep gave the highest removal efficiencies for turbidity and Cu2+, and the best UV254 removal effect was reached by using PAClc-Ep.Higher contents of Alb and Alc contributed to great coagulation performance because of their stronger bridging and sweeping effects.For all the Al species coagulants, alkalescent conditions were more conducive to removing Cu and HA compared to acidic conditions.Additionally, smaller and more agminated flocs with great recovery ability were formed by PAClb-Ep and PAClc-Ep systems(bridging and enmeshment effects cooperated with the chelated reticular structure formed by the Ep and Al species).Similarly,due to the increased hydrolysis and hydroxide precipitates, flocs formed under the condition of alkalescence were smaller, denser and stronger compared with weakly acidic conditions.

关键词： Al species Enteromorpha polysaccharides Polyaluminum chloride 27Al nuclear magnetic resonance Simultaneous removal

Effect of six kinds of scale inhibitors on calcium carbonate precipitation in high salinity wastewater at high temperatures

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2015年第3期27卷 124-130页

作者： Xiaochen Li Baoyu Gao Qinyan Yue Defang Ma Hongyan Rong Pin Zhao Pengyou Teng shandong key laboratory of water pollution control and resource reuse School of Environmental Science and EngineeringShandong University

Precipitation of calcium carbonate （CaCOs） scale on heat transfer surfaces is a serious and expensive problem widely occurring in numerous industrial processes. In this study, we compared the scale inhibition effect of six kinds of commercial scale inhibitors and screened out the best one （scale inhibitor SQ-1211） to investigate its scale inhibition performance in highly saline conditions at high temperature through static scale inhibition tests. The influences of scale inhibitor dosage, temperature, heating time and pH on the inhibition efficiency of the optimal scale inhibitor were investigated. The morphologies and crystal structures of the precipitates were characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy and X-ray Diffraction analysis. Results showed that the scale inhibition efficiency of the optimal scale inhibitor decreased with the increase of the reaction temperature. When the concentration of Ca^2＋ was 1600 mg/L, the scale inhibition rate could reach 90.7% at 80℃ at pH 8. The optimal scale inhibitor could effectively retard scaling at high temperature. In the presence of the optimal scale inhibitor, the main crystal structure of CaCOs changed from calcite to aragonite.

关键词： Scale inhibitor Scale inhibition efficiency High salinity High temperature Grystal growth

Fatty acid fouling of forward osmosis membrane:Effects of pH,calcium,membrane orientation,initial permeate flux and foulant composition

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2016年第8期28卷 55-62页

作者： Pin Zhao Baoyu Gao Qinyan Yue Pan Liu Ho Kyong Shon Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse School of Environmental Science and EngineeringShandong University School of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of Technology

Octanoic acid（OA） was selected to represent fatty acids in effluent organic matter（EOM）. The effects of feed solution（FS） properties, membrane orientation and initial permeate flux on OA fouling in forward osmosis（FO） were investigated. The undissociated OA formed a cake layer quickly and caused the water flux to decline significantly in the initial 0.5 hr at unadjusted p H 3.56; while the fully dissociated OA behaved as an anionic surfactant and promoted the water permeation at an elevated p H of 9.00. Moreover, except at the initial stage, the sudden decline of water flux（meaning the occurrence of severe membrane fouling） occurred in two conditions： 1.0.5 mmol/L Ca2＋, active layer facing draw solution（AL-DS） and 1.5 mol/L Na Cl（DS）; 2. No Ca2＋,active layer-facing FS（AL-FS） and 4 mol/L Na Cl（DS）. This demonstrated that cake layer compaction or pore blocking occurred only when enough foulants were absorbed into the membrane surface, and the water permeation was high enough to compact the deposit inside the porous substrate. Furthermore, bovine serum albumin（BSA） was selected as a co-foulant.The water flux of both co-foulants was between the fluxes obtained separately for the two foulants at p H 3.56, and larger than the two values at p H 9.00. This manifested that, at p H 3.56,BSA alleviated the effect of the cake layer caused by OA, and OA enhanced BSA fouling simultaneously; while at p H 9.00, the mutual effects of OA and BSA eased the membrane fouling.

关键词： Forward osmosis Membrane fouling Octanoic acid water flux Reverse solute flux

Advanced lignin-acrylamide water treatment agent by pulp and paper industrial sludge: Synthesis, properties and application

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2013年第12期25卷 2367-2377页

作者： Hongyan Rong Baoyu Gao Yanxia Zhao Shenglei Sun Zhonglian Yang Yan Wang Qinyan Yue Qian Li shandong key laboratory of water pollution control and resource reuse School of Environmental Science and EngineeringShandong University

A novel flocculant LA （lignin-acrylamide polymer）, which was used as aid for aluminum sulfate and polyaluminum chloride in this study, was prepared by grafting acrylamide onto lignin that deriving from pulp and papermaking sludge. Physicochemical properties of LA were measured by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The experimental outcome indicated acrylamide was grafted onto the lignin backbone successfully. The effects of LA addition were evaluated on coagulation performance and floc characteristics as a function of aluminum （Al） dosage, such as floc size, growth rate, strength and recoverability. Effects of different dosing sequences, Al dosed first and LA dosed first, were also investigated. LA used as coagulant aid markedly enhanced the removal efficiency of turbidity and dissolved organic carbon, especially at low Al dosages. The dissolved organic carbon removal efficiencies of aluminum sulfate and polyaluminum chloride at the Al dosage range selected in this study were improved more than 30% and 5% by LA, respectively. LA dramatically enlarged floc size and it was in the order： Al dosed first 〉 LA dosed first 〉 Al. Floc strength and recoverability were also improved by LA. LA played a significant role in charge neutralization, adsorption and bridging in floc formation.

关键词： pulp and paper industrial sludge graft copolymerization aluminum sulfate polyaluminum chloride floc characteristics

Application and mechanism of polysaccharide extracted from Enteromorpha to remove nano-ZnO and humic acid in coagulation process

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2018年第3期12卷 129-136页

作者： Jianzhang Sun Baoyu Gao Yuanxia Luo Moxi Xue Xing Xu Qinyan Yue Yan Wang shandong key laboratory of water pollution control and resource reuse School of Environmental Science and Engineering Shandong University Jinan 250100 China

Enteromorpha polysaccharide （Ep） extracted from alga a novel green coagulant aid for nanoparticles （NPs） and heavy metal ions removal and the structure of EP was intensively studied in this study. The integration of Ep with polyaluminum chloride （PAC-Ep） coagulants exhibited higher coagulation performance than that of the polyaluminum chloride （PAC） because of the negatively charged NPs suspension and humic aid （HA） solution. Significant high removal efficiencies of dissolved organic matter （94.1%）, turbidity （99.3%） and Zn ions （69.3%） were achieved by the PAC-Ep coagulants. The dual-coagulation properties of PAC-Ep for different pollutants was based on multiple mechanisms, including （i） AI^3＋ charge neutralization; （ii） hydroxy aluminum hydroxyl bridging formed polynuclearhydroxy complexes bridge and sweep colloidal particles; （iii） adsorption and bridging of Ep chain for the NPs and heavy metal ions. Results indicated that the destabilization of colloid was induced by the coexisting HA and higher removal was achieved as ions adsorption was enhance in the presence of HA complexation. On the basis of that, the extraction of polysaccharide is a promising candidate for its high coagulation performance in water treatment.

关键词： Algal ExtractionEnteromorpha polysaccharide IH-^13C nuclear magnetic resonance （NMR）Fourier transform infrared （FTIR）X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy （XPS）Coagulation mechanism