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Submarine Trenches and Wave-Wave Interactions Enhance the Sediment Resuspension Induced by Internal Solitary Waves

Journal of Ocean University of China 2023年第4期22卷 983-992页

作者： TIAN Zhuangcai LIU Chao JIA Yonggang SONG Lei ZHANG Mingwei State key laboratory for Geomechanics and Deep Underground engineering China University of Mining and TechnologyXuzhou 221116China Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Geological Engineering Ocean University of ChinaQingdao 266100China laboratory for marine Geology Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and TechnologyQingdao 266061China key laboratory of Coastal Science and Integrated Management Ministry of Natural ResourcesQingdao266061China

Internal solitary waves(ISWs)are nonlinear fluctuations in nature that could cause significant interactions between seawater and the seabed.ISWs have been proven to be an adequate cause of sediment resuspension in shallow and deep-sea environments.In the South China Sea,ISWs have the largest amplitude globally and directly interact with the seabed near the Dongsha slope in the northern South China Sea.We analyzed the water profile and high-resolution multibeam bathymetric data near the Dongsha slope and revealed that submarine trenches have a significant impact on the sediment resuspension by ISWs.Moreover,ISWs in the zone of the wave-wave interaction enhanced sediment mixing and resuspension.The concentration of the suspended particulate matter inside submarine trenches was significantly higher than that outside them.The concentration of the suspended particulate matter near the bottoms of trenches could be double that outside them and formed a vast bottom nepheloid layer.Trenches could increase the concentration of the suspended particulate matter in the entire water column,and a water column with a high concentration of the suspended particulate matter was formed above the trench.ISWs in the wave-wave interaction zone near Dongsha could induce twice the concentration of the bottom nepheloid layer than those in other areas.The sediment resuspension caused by ISWs is a widespread occurrence all around the world.The findings of this study can offer new insights into the influence of submarine trench and wave-wave interaction on sediment resuspension and help in geohazard assessment.

关键词： sediment resuspension internal solitary waves trench wave-wave interaction

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Two Kinds of Waves Causing the Resuspension of Deep-Sea Sediments:Excitation and Internal Solitary Waves

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Journal of Ocean University of China 2023年第2期22卷 429-440页

作者： REN Yupeng TIAN Hao CHEN Zhiyuan XU Guohui LIU Lejun LI Yibing key laboratory of Submarine Geosciences and Prospecting Techniques Ministry of EducationOcean University of ChinaQingdao 266100China Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Geological Engineering Ocean University of ChinaQingdao 266100China key laboratory of marine environment and Ecology Ministry of EducationOcean University of ChinaQingdao 266100China First Institute of Oceanography MNRQingdao 266061China

The resuspension of marine sediments plays a key role in the biogeochemical cycle and marine ecology system.Internal solitary waves are considered to be important driving forces of the resuspension of bottom sediments.In this paper,the movement of turbidity currents,the generation and the effects on the bottom bed of internal solitary waves and excitation waves are studied by flume tests and numerical simulations,and the sediment resuspension are analyzed.The results show that the excitation wave can lead to the resuspension of the bottom sediments under all the conditions,while the internal solitary wave can lead to the resuspension of the sediment only under some special conditions,such as high amplitude or large underwater slope.Under the experimental conditions,the change in the near-bottom velocity caused by the excitation wave is close to three times that of the internal solitary wave.

关键词： deep-sea sediment resuspension internal solitary wave turbidity current excitation wave

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Research on Corrosion Effect of Sulfate Ions on Concrete Under Wetting-Drying Cycle

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Journal of Ocean University of China 2022年第1期21卷 124-130页

作者： WANG Xiuhai TIAN Zhuangcai ZHANG Yanan SU Xiuting LIU Hongjun LIU Tao College of environmental Science and engineering Ocean University of ChinaQingdao 266100China Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Geological Engineering Ocean University of ChinaQingdao 266100China State key laboratory for Geomechanics and Deep Underground engineering China University of Mining and TechnologyXuzhou 221116China

Saline soil is widely distributed in the marine sediments along the coast of the world and the arid-semi-arid areas of the Middle East and Iraq,and calcium sulfate erosion has become one of the important factors affecting the durability of concrete in this area.In order to clarify the mechanism of sulfate ion damage to concrete,this paper mainly takes saline soil with high sulfate content in coastal area as well as arid-semi-arid area as the research object,and uses indoor geotechnical test,field test and numerical simulation to study the influence of different dry-wet cycle times on the unconfined compressive strength of concrete test blocks,and puts forward the relationship between the erosion arrival depth and time of sulfate ion in concrete,so as to predict the long-term erosion depth by using the erosion depth of sulfate ion in concrete in short time.The results show that the shorter the erosion time when the erosion reaches a certain depth,and the larger the erosion reaches when the erosion time is the same,the faster the erosion reaches the depth with the increase of erosion time.Compared with rectangular section concrete,circular section concrete penetrates faster.The results of this study can provide a reference for the durability design of concrete in saline soil sites containing sulfate.

关键词： wetting-drying cycle sulfate ion concrete corrosion

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Microstructure Features and the Macroscopic Acoustic Behavior of Gassy Silt in the Yellow River Delta

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Journal of Ocean University of China 2024年第2期23卷 371-382页

作者： LIU Tao GUO Zhenqi ZHANG Yan WU Chen LIU Lele DENG Shenggui laboratory for marine Geology Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and TechnologyQingdao 266061China Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Geological Engineering Ocean University of ChinaQingdao 266100China College of Civil engineering Anhui Jianzhu UniversityHefei 230601China The key laboratory of Gas Hydrate Ministry of Natural ResourcesQingdao Institute of Marine GeologyQingdao 266071China College of marine Geosciences Key Laboratory of Submarine Geosciences and ProspectingOcean University of ChinaQingdao 266100China

The morphological changes in isolated bubbles in gassy silt play a critical role in the microscopic structures between soil particles and bubbles and macroscopic physical properties.Based on X-ray CT scanning experiments under various vertical loads(four levels),self-designed acoustic macro experiments,and a series of formula revisions to the macro-air-bearing silt sound-velocity prediction model,this paper discusses the macro-and micro-scale features of gassy silts from the Yellow River Delta.The samples consisted of different proportions of silt from the Yellow River Delta and porous media,and they were used to form two types of aerosol silts with initial gas contents of 4.23%and 7.67%.The results show that the air bubble content and external load considerably affect the microstructural parameters and acoustic behavior of gassy silt in the Yellow River Delta.The macroscopic sound velocity showed a linear positive correlation with vertical load and relation to microstructural parameters in varying manners and degrees.Based on the traditional Biot-Stoll acoustic model,the gas-phase medium coefficient was introduced for the proper calculation and prediction of the sound velocity of air-bearing silt.The errors of the overall prediction varied between 5.6%and 9.6%.

关键词： gassy silt vertical load microstructure parameters bubble vibration Biot-Stoll acoustic model

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Effect of Penetration Rates on the Piezocone Penetration Test in the Yellow River Delta Silt

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Journal of Ocean University of China 2022年第2期21卷 361-374页

作者： ZHANG Jiarui MENG Qingsheng ZHANG Yan FENG Xiuli WEI Guanli SU Xiuting LIU Tao College of environmental Science and engineering Ocean University of ChinaQingdao 266100China Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Geological Engineering Ocean University of ChinaQingdao 266100China laboratory for marine Geology Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and TechnologyQingdao 266061China College of marine Geosciences Ocean University of ChinaKey Laboratory of Submarine Geosciences and ProspectingQingdao 266100China

Partial drainage often occurs during piezocone penetration testing on Yellow River Delta silt because of its intermediate physical and mechanical properties between those of sand and clay.Yet,there is no accurate understanding for the range of penetra-tion rates to trigger the partial drainage of silt soils.In order to fully investigate cone penetration rate effects under partial drainage condi-tions,indoor 1 g penetration model tests and numerical simulations of cavity expansion at variable penetration rates were carried out on the Yellow River Delta silt.The boundary effect of the model tests and the variation of key parameters at the different cavity ex-pansion rates were analyzed.The 1 g penetration model test results and numerical simulations results consistently indicated that the penetration rate to trigger the partially drainage of typical silt varied at least three orders of magnitude.The numerical simulations also provide the reference values for the penetration resistance corresponding to zero dilation and zero viscosity at any given normalized penetration rate for silt in Yellow River Delta.These geotechnical properties can be used for the design of offshore platforms in Yel-low River Delta,and the understanding of cone penetration rate effects under the partially drained conditions would provide some technical support for geohazard evaluation of offshore platforms.

关键词： Yellow River Delta silt cone penetration rate effects 1g model simulation numerical analysis

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A case study on the soil classification of the Yellow River Delta based on piezocone penetration test

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2022年第4期41卷 119-128页

作者： Jiarui Zhang Qingsheng Meng Lei Guo Yan Zhang Guanli Wei Tao Liu College of environmental Science and engineering Ocean University of ChinaQingdao 266100China Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Geological Engineering Ocean University of ChinaQingdao 266100China laboratory for marine Geology Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology(Qingdao)Qingdao 266237China Institute of marine Science and Technology Shandong UniversityQingdao 266237China College of marine Geosciences Ocean University of ChinaQingdao 266100China

Piezocone penetration test(CPTu),the preferred in-situ tool for submarine investigation,is significant for soil classification and soil depth profile prediction,which can be used to predict soil types and states.However,the accuracy of these methods needs to be validated for local conditions.To distinguish and evaluate the properties of the shallow surface sediments in Chengdao area of the Yellow River Delta,seabed CPTu tests were carried out at ten stations in this area.Nine soil classification methods based on CPTu data are applied for soil classification.The results of classification are compared with the in-situ sampling to determine whether the method can provide sufficient resolution.The methods presented by Robertson(based on soil behavior type index Ic),Olsen and Mitchell are the more consistent and compatible ones compared with other methods.Considering that silt soils have potential to liquefy under storm tide or other adverse conditions,this paper is able to screen soil classification methods suitable for the Chengdao area and help identify the areas where liquefaction or submarine landslide may occur through CPTu investigation.

关键词： soil behavior classification Chengdao area seabed piezocone penetration test

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Centrifuge experiment on the penetration test for evaluating undrained strength of deep-sea surface soils

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International Journal of Mining Science and Technology 2022年第2期32卷 363-373页

作者： Xingsen Guo Tingkai Nian Wei Zhao Zhongde Gu Chunpeng Liu Xiaolei Liu Yonggang Jia Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Geological Engineering Ocean University of ChinaQingdao 266100China State key laboratory of Coastal and Offshore engineering Dalian University of TechnologyDalian 116024China Department of Civil Environmental and Geomatic EngineeringUniversity College LondonLondon WC1E 6BTUnited Kingdom

Rapid advances in deep-sea mining engineering have created an urgent need for the accurate evaluation of the undrained strength of marine soils,especially surface soils.Significant achievements have been made using full-flow penetration penetrometers to evaluate marine soil strength in the deep penetration;however,a method considering the effect of ambient water on the surface penetration needs to be established urgently.In this study,penetrometers with multiple probes were developed and used to conduct centrifuge experiments on South China Sea soil and kaolin clay.First,the forces on the probes throughout the penetration process were systematically analyzed and quantified.Second,the spatial influence zone was determined by capturing the resistance changes and sample crack development,and the penetration depth for a sample to reach a stable failure mode was given.Third,the vane shear strength was used to invert the penetration resistance factor of the ball and determine the range of the penetration resistance factor values.Furthermore,a methodology to determine the penetration resistance factors for surface marine soils was established.Finally,the effect of the water cavity above various probes in the surface penetration was used to formulate an internal mechanism for variations in the penetration resistance factor.

关键词： Static penetrometer Centrifuge experiment Deep-sea surface soil Undrained shear strength Penetration resistance factor Water cavity

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Development and application of a GIS-based artificial neural network system for water quality prediction: a case study at the Lake Champlain area

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Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2020年第6期38卷 1835-1845页

作者： LU Fang ZHANG Haoqing LIU Wenquan Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Geological Engineering Ocean University of ChinaQingdao 266100China laboratory for marine Geology Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and TechnologyQingdao 266000China key laboratory of marine environment and Ecology Ministry of EducationQingdao 266100China key laboratory of marine Sedimentology and environmental Geology First Institute of OceanographyMinistry of Natural Resources(MNR)Qingdao 266061China

Artificial Neural Network(ANN)models have been extensively applied in the prediction of water resource variables,and Geographical Information System(GIS)includes powerful functions to visualize spatial data.In order to provide an efficient tool for environmental assessment and management that combines the advantages of these two modules,a GIS-based ANN water quality prediction system was developed in the present study.The ANN module and ArcGIS Engine module,along with a dynamic database,were imbedded in the system,which integrates water quality prediction via the ANN model and spatial presentation of the model results.The structure of the ANN model could be modified through the graphical user interface to optimize the model performance.The developed system was applied to a real case study for the prediction of the total phosphorus concentration in the Lake Champlain area.The prediction results were verified with the monitoring data,and the performance of the developed model was further evaluated through graphical techniques and quantitative statistical methods.Overall,the developed system provided satisfactory prediction results,and spatial distribution maps of the predicted results were obtained,which coincided with the monitored values.The developed GIS-based ANN water quality prediction system could serve as an efficient tool for engineers and decision makers.

关键词： water quality prediction Geographical Information System(GIS) artificial neural network integration system development

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Factors Influencing the Thermal Conductivity of Silt in the Yellow River Delta

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Journal of Ocean University of China 2023年第4期22卷 1003-1011页

作者： YANG Xiuqing DENG Shenggui GUO Lei ZHANG Yan LIU Tao College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences Ocean University of ChinaQingdao 266100China College of marine Geosciences Ocean University of ChinaQingdao 266100China Institute of marine Science and Technology Shandong UniversityQingdao 266237China College of Civil engineering Anhui Jianzhu UniversityHefei 230000China Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Geological Engineering Qingdao 266100China Qingdao National laboratory of marine Science and Technology Qingdao 266100China

The thermal conductivity of marine sediments is an important thermophysical parameter in the study of seafloor heat flow and marine engineering construction.Understanding the effect of thermal conductivity of marine sediments in the environment has a major engineering value and theoretical significance.In this work,a modified test method was used to measure the thermal conductivity of silt in the Yellow River Delta under different void ratios,moisture contents,temperatures,and salinities.Results showed that the thermal conductivity of silt in the Yellow River Delta decreased with the increase in the void ratio and increased with the water content.Compared with sand and clay,silt in the Yellow River Delta was the least affected by the void ratio and moisture content.Under low temperatures,the heat transfer of soil was controlled by the average velocity of the phonons;therefore,the thermal conductivity of silt in the Yellow River Estuary increased with temperature.The thermal conductivity of pore water decreased with increasing salinity.Moreover,certain salinity levels resulted in a phenomenon known as the‘compressing twin electrical layer’,which led to an increase in the contact area between soil particles.With the increase in salinity,the thermal conductivity of silt in the Yellow River Delta experiences an initial decline and a subsequent increase.The proposed thermal conductivity test method is more accurate than the existing technique,and the findings provide a basis for further study on the thermal characteristics of submarine sediments.

关键词： silt in the Yellow River Delta thermal conductivity void ratio water content temperature salinity

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Development and Application of an in Situ Penetrator for Rapid Strength Testing of Submarine Sediment

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Journal of Ocean University of China 2019年第2期18卷 328-338页

作者： ZHANG Minsheng WANG Zhenhao WANG Xiuhai WEN Mingzheng HONG Bo School of Transportation Science and engineering Beihang University Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Geological Engineering Ocean University of China

In marine engineering, the strength of a submarine sediment is an indispensable parameter for assessment of construction. In this study, a free-fall cone penetrator named IPen was developed to realize a rapid and efficient measurement of sediment strength. The equipment is characterized by modular design and self-contained data acquisition. It is equipped with an acceleration sensor, a water pressure sensor, and a piezocone penetration test(CPTu) probe. It is designed to be released from near seabed surface with a releaser and then fall freely to provide a higher penetration velocity. Its maximum working depth is approximately 2500 m and maximum penetration depth is approximately 3 m. To derive the correlation between penetration resistance and sediment strength, a calibrator was devised to determine the penetration-rate factor. In addition, the factor applicable to in situ test points was determined in laboratory experiments. In June 2016, the IPen was tested in situ in the South Yellow Sea, China, during a shared voyage funded by the National Science Foundation. Meanwhile, undisturbed column samples were collected for laboratory tests. Based on the in situ test results, it was demonstrated that the IPen could accurately record the working states of various sensors during the freely falling course. IPen test results reliably reflected the sediment strength at all the testing points when compared with laboratory calibration tests, in situ vane tests and penetration tests, laboratory penetration tests, and unconsolidated and undrained triaxial compression tests.

关键词： submarine sediment free-fall cone penetration test sediment strength the Yellow Sea penetration-rate factor

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