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Simulation of people's evacuation in tunnel fire

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Journal of Central South University of Technology 2006年第3期13卷 307-312页

作者：杨高尚彭立敏张进华安永林 School of Civil and Architectural Engineering Central South University Changsha 410075China Communication planning Survey and design institute of Hunan province Changsha 410008 China

The simulation model Tunev（tunnel evacuation） was developed for people＇s evacuation in tunnel fire. It contains simple database of the people＇s behavioral reaction and structure characteristic parameters of tunnel fireproofing. The model can be used to calculate the total evacuation time in various scenes when fire occurs in the different locations of the tunnel. Combined with fire simulation soft ware CFD- POENICS3.5, Tunev model can be used to calculate the fire danger coming time; by comparing with these two kinds of time, it can be used to assess the safety of the evacuation, and the evacuation process also have a dynamic demo. The simulation results show that the Tunev model can be used to predict the reliability of safe evacuation for people in tunnel fire and provide references for people＇s safe escape scheme. Some relevant concepts of the model were described and an evacuation simulation of a typical tunnel case, i.e. Xuefeng Mountain Tunnel was performed by using this model. And the model＇s validation and actual aoolication were also described.

关键词： tunnel fire people's evacuation simulation model

Spatiotemporal Patterns of Road Network and Road Development Pri-ority in Three Parallel Rivers Region in Yunnan,China:An Evaluation Based on Modified Kernel Distance Estimate

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Chinese Geographical Science 2014年第1期24卷 39-49页

作者： YING Lingxiao SHEN Zehao CHEN Jiding FANG Rui CHEN Xueping JIANG Rui Department of Ecology College of Urban&Environmental Sciencesthe MOE Laboratory of Earth Surface ProcessesPeking University Center of transportation Environmental Protection and Security Chinese Academy of Transportation Science Yunnan Highway planning Reconnaissance design institute

Road network is a critical component of public infrastructure,and the supporting system of social and economic *** on a modified kernel density estimate(KDE)algorithm,this study evaluated the road service capacity provided by a road network composed of multi-level roads(***,provincial,county and rural roads),by taking account of the differences of effect extent and intensity for roads of different *** at town scale,the population burden and the annual rural economic income of unit road service capacity were used as the surrogates of social and economic demands for road *** method was applied to the road network of the Three Parallel River Region,the northwestern Yunnan province,China to evaluate the development of road network in this *** results,the total road length of this region in 2005 was 3.70×104km,and the length ratio between national,provincial,county and rural roads was 1∶2∶8∶*** 1989 to 2005,the regional road service capacity increased by 13.1%,of which the contributions from the national,provincial,county and rural roads were 11.1%,19.4%,22.6%,and 67.8%,respectively,revealing the effect of′All Village Accessible′policy of road development in the mountainous regions in the last *** spatial patterns of population burden and economic requirement of unit road service suggested that the areas farther away from the national and provincial roads have higher road development priority(RDP).Based on the modified KDE model and the framework of RDP evaluation,this study provided a useful approach for developing an optimal plan of road development at regional scale.

关键词： road network kernel density estimate(KDE) road service road development priority(RDP) Three Parallel Rivers Region China

Forestry development to reduce poverty and improve the environment

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Journal of Forestry Research 2022年第6期33卷 1715-1724页

作者： Rongjia Wang Jianfeng Zhang Tonggui Wu Shiyong Sun Zongtai Li Deshun Zhang institute of Subtropical Forestry Chinese Academy of ForestryHangzhou 311400China Forestry Academy of shandong province Jinan 250014China College of Architecture and Urban planning Tongji UniversityShanghai 200092China

Poverty reduction is a world-wide *** the end of 2017,according to the rural poverty standard in China,there were 30.46 million poor in ***,complete poverty alleviation by the end of 2020 had been *** is significant and complicated,especially as poverty-stricken areas and ecologically fragile areas *** the process of poverty alleviation,the development of forestry projects was not only conducive to improving the environment but also an important way to reduce ***,based on an analysis of the causes of poverty-stricken areas,this study examined successful cases in different regions and proposed ways to promote economic growth:providing state subsidies for tree planting and forest maintenance;developing undergrowth economy;and/or initiating an industrial *** also introduces principles to promote forestry progress,according to local conditions,keeping a balance between economic development and the *** study provides effective ways to promote forestry development and rural poverty alleviation.

关键词： Poverty alleviation Forestry Ecological construction Sustainable development

Lessons in bridge damage learned from the Wenchuan earthquake

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Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration 2009年第2期8卷 275-285页

作者： W. Phillip Yen Genda Chen Mark Yashinski Youssef Hashash Curtis Holu Wang Kehai GuoXiaodong Turner-Fairbank Highway Research Center of Federal Highway Administration （FWHA） Center for transportation Infrastructure and Safety （CTIS） a National University Transportation Center at Missouri University of Science and Technology California Department of transportation Representing the Earthquake Engineering Research institute （EERI） University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign and Representing Geo-Engineering Earthquake Reconnaissance （GEER） Mid-America Earthquake Center （MAE） University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign Research institute of Highway the Ministry of Communication of China Sichuan province Highway planning Survey Design and Research Institute China

A strong earthquake occurred in Wenchuan County, Sichuan province, China, on May 12, 2008. Shortly after the earthquake, the Turner-Fairbank Highway Research Center of the Federal Highway Administration, in partnership with the Research institute of Highways, the Ministry of Communication of China, led a reconnaissance team to conduct a post-earthquake bridge performance investigation of the transportation system in the earthquake affected areas. The U.S. transportation system reconnaissance team visited the area during July 20 24, 2008. This paper presents the findings and lessons learned by the team.

关键词： earthquake engineering bridge engineering post earthquake investigation

Permafrost change in Northeast China in the 1950s-2010s

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Advances in Climate Change Research 2021年第1期12卷 18-28页

作者： ZHANG Zhong-Qiong WU Qing-Bai HOU Mei-Ting TAI Bo-Wen AN Yu-Ke State Key Laboratory of Frozen Soils Engineering Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of ScienceLanzhou730000China China Meteorological Administration Training Centre Beijing100081China Gansu province transportation planning Survey&Design Institute Limited Liability CompanyLanzhou730000China

Permafrost in Northeast China is highly sensitive to climate *** degradation significantly affects forest and vegetation ecosystems,as well as the safety of engineering projects and other man-made ***,the permafrost change in the region is still *** study uses metrological data from 258 weather stations,alongside reanalysis data,and other environmental data to investigate permafrost degradation and its related environmental impacts in Northeast China from the 1950s to *** show that the total permafrost area decreased from 4.8×10^(5)to 3.1×10^(5)km^(2)from the 1950s to the *** southern limit of permafrost moved 0.1-1.1°northward,and its average elevation rose 160.5 *** the study period,the degradation of predominantly continuous permafrost,and discontinuous and island permafrost was more pronounced than that of sparsely island *** south boundary of those three permafrost zones northward by 0-3.4°,0-5.5°and 0.4-1.1°,the average altitude raised by 339.2 m,208.3 m,67.1 *** permafrost degradation shows the elevation and latitude *** degradation is mainly caused by the rising of surface temperatures and the impacts of other environmental *** snowfall warming the ground of 1.1-10.2℃in cold seasons and rainfall cooling on surface conditions in warm seasons,those may result in temporal and spatial differences in permafrost ***,there are lack of researches in the impact of environment factors on soil temperatures,moisture and permafrost degradation.

关键词： Northeast China Climate warming Permafrost degradation Impact of environmental factors

Effectiveness Evaluation Study of Self-made Zinc Alloy Sacrificial Anode under Chloride Salt Erosion Environment

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Journal of Wuhan University of Technology(Materials Science) 2023年第1期38卷 222-230页

作者：南雪丽 JI Jianrui LI Rongyang CHEN Hao WANG Yi TANG Weibin School of Materials Science and Engineering Lanzhou University of TechnologyLanzhou 730050China State Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing and Recycling of Non-ferrous Metals Lanzhou University of TechnologyLanzhou 730050China Gansu province transportation planning Survey&Design Institute Co.Ltd.Lanzhou 730000China

To investigate the effectiveness of self-made zinc alloy sacrificial anode material for the protection of reinforcement in concrete under chlorine salt erosion environment,salt solution immersion corrosion and electromigration accelerated corrosion tests were used to evaluate the effectiveness of self-made zinc alloy anode with the help of relevant cathodic protection guidelines and evaluation criteria for the corrosion of reinforcement in *** results showed that the protection was effective because the potential of the zinc alloy anode protection steel bar in the salt solution satis?ed the“-780 mV(SCE)”validity *** self-corrosion potential(E_(corr))of the sacri?cial anode protection steel in concrete was greater than-276 mV,and the protective current density of the zinc alloy anode was 1-3μA·cm^(-2),which met the standards of EN12696-2000,further indicating that the self-made zinc alloy sacri?cial anode had a good protection combining with the polarization resistance and the appearance of the corroded surface of the steel in *** microscopic morphology of the corroded surface and the composition of the corrosion products indicates that the mortar of the self-made zinc alloy anode has a lower pH than the imported anodes,so the long-term protection of the selfmade zinc alloy sacri?cial anode needs to be further improved.

关键词： zinc alloy anode cathodic protection steel corrosion concrete polarization curve

Empirical Analysis of City Contact in Zhujiang(Pearl) River Delta, China

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Chinese Geographical Science 2014年第3期24卷 384-392页

作者： TONG De LIU Tao LI Guicai YU Lei Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School Zhejiang province Development planning & Research institute

In traditional urban geography, city contact research is a classic study element in city research. In general, researchers use the traditional gravity model to characterize the contacts that exist between two cities. The traditional gravity model assumes ideal conditions, but these preconditions and their results often do not exist in realistic conditions. Thus, we used a modified gravity model to characterize the city contacts within a specific region. This model considers factors such as intercity complementarities, government intervention, and the diversity of the transportation infrastructure which is characterized as the transportation distance instead of the traditional Euclidean distance. We applied this model to an empirical study of city contact in the Zhujiang(Pearl) River Delta(PRD) of China. The regression results indicated that the modified gravity model could measure city contact more accurately and comprehensively than the traditional gravity model, i.e., it yielded a higher adjusted R2 value(0.379) than the traditional gravity model result(0.259). Our study also suggests that, in addition to urban-regional and metropolitan development, the complementarities of the basic functions of cities at the administrative and market levels, as well as the corporeal and immaterial levels, play very significant roles in the characterization of city contact. Given the complexity of city contact, it will be necessary to consider more relevant influential factors in the modified gravity model to characterize the features of city contact in the future.

关键词： city contact function complementarities government intervention gravity model Zhujiang (Pearl) River Delta (PRD) China

Bus Scheduling Using a Skip-Stop Strategy Based on Stop Relevance

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Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences 2020年第5期25卷 469-476页

作者： GUO Cong WANG Xiaolin SU Wenheng SUN Feng GUO Zonghe HU Zhenda College of Urban planning and Architecture Beijing University of TechnologyBeijing 100124China College of transportation and Vehicle Engineering Shandong University of TechnologyZibo 255000ShandongChina Jiangsu Urban Transport planning&design institute Nanjing 210000JiangsuChina School of Information Management and Engineering Shanghai University of Finance and EconomicsShanghai 200433China

This research aims to propose an efficient and economic operation mode for bus scheduling optimization by combining with the skip-stop buses and all-stop *** skip-stop tactics in bus operation provide service of high efficiency,good punctuality and high speed for long distance commuters,which attracts wide scholarly *** paper establishes a model to quantitatively evaluate the relevance between stops,and then develops a new optimization method of skip-stop tactics using the data sets of IC card and bus GPS trajectory.A collaborating scheduling optimization model considering the support and confidence among the stops is proposed to precisely suit passengers’demands and improve bus *** optimization objective is to reduce the passengers’total travel time,the number of vehicles in use,and operation energy for both the user’s and the operator’s *** methodology is developed for a single-directional route using a multi-decision choice model with genetic algorithm applied to attain efficient solutions.A case study of Qingdao,which is assessed in this new model,shows a reduction of 18.31%in total passenger travel time and 17.65%in the operational inputs as compared with solutions that do not consider the skip-stop tactics.

关键词： bus IC card data stop relevance skip-stop operation bus scheduling

Spatiotemporal patterns of sediment deposition on the northern slope of the South China Sea in the last 150,000 years

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Journal of Palaeogeography 2021年第3期10卷 399-415页

作者： Zhe Hu Bao-Qi Huang Le-Jun Liu Na Wang Key Laboratory of Orogenic Belts and Crustal Evolution MOESchool of Earth and Space SciencesPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China Marine Engineering Environment Center First Institute of OceanographyMinistry of Natural ResourcesQingdao 266061Shandong ProvinceChina School of Urban planning and design Shenzhen Graduate SchoolPeking UniversityShenzhen 518055Guangdong ProvinceChina

The source-to-sink system of the northern South China Sea(SCS) has been widely discussed during the past few decades. Sr–Nd isotope, clay minerals and trace elements were extensively used as the proxies of sediment provenance, however, still little is known about the transport processes and controlling mechanisms on detailed spatiotemporal scales due to the limitations of these methods. Here we put forward the new provenance proxies RAKand RKCNbased on major element compositions to study the spatiotemporal changes in sediment provenance since 150 ka mainly from four sites, DLW3101, MD12-3429, ZHS-176 and MD12-3432, which are located on the northern SCS continental slope. Our results show that, spatially, the pathways and intensities of contour currents and gravity flows play important roles in sediment transport. For alongslope processes, the South China Sea Branch of Kuroshio Current(SCSBKC) and the Deep Water Current(DWC) transport sediments from southwestern Taiwan,while the Intermediate Water Current(IWC) can carry sediments from Hainan, the Red River or the Indochina Peninsula. For downslope processes, gravity flows transport materials from the Pearl River delta and shelf to the slope. Moreover, seafloor bathymetry influences sediment transport by altering the pathways of ocean ***, the impacts of sea level and monsoon rainfall fluctuations are always superimposed over the last 150 ka. Sea level fluctuations could significantly change the distance from the Pearl River estuary to the slope, while variations in the East Asian summer monsoon(EASM) rainfall would affect continental erosion rates in the source regions.

关键词： South China Sea Sediment transport Element composition Ocean current Sea level Quaternary