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Numerical and experimental study on the falling film flow characteristics with the effect of co-current gas flow in hydrogen liquefaction process

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Petroleum Science 2024年第2期21卷 1369-1384页

作者： Chong-Zheng Sun Yu-Xing Li Hui Han Xiao-Yi Geng Xiao Lu College of Energy storage Technology Shandong University of Science and TechnologyQingdao 266590ShandongChina College of Pipeline and Civil Engineering/shandong Provincial key laboratory of oil&gas storage and transportation safety China University of PetroleumQingdao 266580ShandongChina

Liquid hydrogen storage and transportation is an effective method for large-scale transportation and utilization of hydrogen energy. Revealing the flow mechanism of cryogenic working fluid is the key to optimize heat exchanger structure and hydrogen liquefaction process(LH2). The methods of cryogenic visualization experiment, theoretical analysis and numerical simulation are conducted to study the falling film flow characteristics with the effect of co-current gas flow in LH2spiral wound heat *** results show that the flow rate of mixed refrigerant has a great influence on liquid film spreading process, falling film flow pattern and heat transfer performance. The liquid film of LH2mixed refrigerant with column flow pattern can not uniformly and completely cover the tube wall surface. As liquid flow rate increases, the falling film flow pattern evolves into sheet-column flow and sheet flow, and liquid film completely covers the surface of tube wall. With the increase of shear effect of gas-phase mixed refrigerant in the same direction, the liquid film gradually becomes unstable, and the flow pattern eventually evolves into a mist flow.

关键词： Hydrogen liquefaction Spiral wound heat exchanger Flow pattern transition Falling film flow

Experimental study on wax deposition of highly paraffinic oil in intermittent gas-oil flow in pipelines

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Petroleum Science 2024年第3期21卷 2080-2088页

作者： Chuan-Shuo Wang Qian-Li Ma Xiao-Fang Lv Jie Zhang Yang Liu Shi-Dong Zhou Jiangsu key laboratory of oil and gas storage and transportation Technology Changzhou UniversityChangzhou213164JiangsuPR China Hade oil and gas Development Department Tarim Oilfield BranchKorla841000XinjiangPR China

oil-gas two phase wax deposition is a fairly common and open-ended question in flow assurance of multiphase transportation *** paper investigated the two main aspects of oil-gas two phase wax deposition layer:apparent thickness and crystal structure characteristics.A typical highly paraffinic oil in Bohai Sea,China,was used as the experimental material to investigate the wax deposition thickness in oil-gas two phase under the influence of different oil temperatures,superficial gas/liquid phase velocities and gas-oil ratios by using multiphase flow loop experimental *** as in the classical theory of wax molecular diffusion,it showed that wax deposition thickness of oil-gas two phase increased with increasing oil *** of the impact of different superficial phase velocities found that the actual liquid flow heat transfer and shear stripping was the gas phase dominant mechanisms determining wax deposit *** addition,the crystal structure of the wax deposition layer was characterized with the help of small-angle X-ray scattering(SAXS)for different circumferential positions,flow rates and gas-oil *** bottom deposition layer had a complex crystal structure and high hardness,which were subject to change over flow rate ***,the SAXS results provided evidence that the indirect effect of the actual liquid velocity modified by the gas phase was the main *** study of the effect of gas phase on the wax deposition of oil-gas two phase will help shed light onto the mechanism by which this important process *** findings address a very urgent need in the field of wax deposition of highly paraffinic oil to understand the flow security of oilgas two phase that occurs easily in multiphase field pipelines.

关键词： oil-gas two phase Highly paraffinic oil Wax deposition SAXS

Stress corrosion cracking behavior of buried oil and gas pipeline steel under the coexistence of magnetic field and sulfate-reducing bacteria

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Petroleum Science 2024年第2期21卷 1320-1332页

作者： Jian-Yu He Fei Xie Dan Wang Guang-Xin Liu Ming Wu Yue Qin College of Petroleum Engineering Liaoning Petrochemical UniversityFushun113001LiaoningChina key laboratory of oil and gas storage and transportation Technology in Liaoning Province Fushun113001LiaoningChina State key Joint laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control School of EnvironmentTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China PipeChina West East gas Pipeline Company Shanghai200120China

Magnetic field and microorganisms are important factors influencing the stress corrosion cracking(SCC)of buried oil and gas pipelines. Once SCC occurs in buried pipelines, it will cause serious hazards to the soil environment. The SCC behavior of X80 pipeline steel under the magnetic field and sulfate-reducing bacteria(SRB) environment was investigated by immersion tests, electrochemical tests, and slow strain rate tensile(SSRT) tests. The results showed that the corrosion and SCC sensitivity of X80 steel decreased with increasing the magnetic field strength in the sterile environment. The SCC sensitivity was higher in the biotic environment inoculated with SRB, but it also decreased with increasing magnetic field strength, which was due to the magnetic field reduces microbial activity and promotes the formation of dense film layer. This work provided theoretical guidance on the prevention of SCC in pipeline steel under magnetic field and SRB coexistence.

关键词： Magnetic field Sulfate-reducing bacteria Film layer Stress corrosion cracking oil and gas pipelines

Investigation of gravity influence on EOR and CO_(2) geological storage based on pore-scale simulation

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Petroleum Science 2024年第2期21卷 987-1001页

作者： Yong-Mao Hao Gui-Cheng Wu Zong-Fa Li Zhong-Hui Wu Yong-Quan Sun Ran Liu Xing-Xing Li Bo-Xin Pang Nan Li key laboratory of Unconventional oil&gas Development(China University of Petroleum(East China)) Ministry of EducationQingdao266580ShandongChina School of Petroleum Engineering China University of Petroleum(East China)Qingdao266580ShandongChina School of Petroleum Engineering Yangtze UniversityWuhan430100HubeiChina Dongsheng Jinggong Petroleum Development Group Co. LtdShengli Oilfield CompanySINOPECDongying257001ShandongChina

Gravity assistance is a critical factor influencing CO_(2)-oil mixing and miscible flow during EOR and CO_(2)geological *** on the Navier-Stokes equation,component mass conservation equation,and fluid property-composition relationship,a mathematical model for pore-scale CO_(2) injection in oilsaturated porous media was developed in this *** model can reflect the effects of gravity assistance,component diffusion,fluid density variation,and velocity change on EOR and CO_(2) *** nonhomogeneous porous media,the gravity influence and large density difference help to minimize the velocity difference between the main flow path and the surrounding area,thus improving the oil recovery and CO_(2) *** CO_(2) injection angles and oil-CO_(2) density differences can increase the oil recovery by 22.6% and 4.2%,respectively,and increase CO_(2) storage by 37.9% and 4.7%,*** diffusion facilitates the transportation of the oil components from the low-velocity region to the main flow path,thereby reducing the oil/CO_(2) concentration difference within the porous *** diffusion can increase oil recovery and CO_(2) storage by 5.7% and 6.9%,*** addition,combined with the component diffusion,a low CO_(2) injection rate creates a more uniform spatial distribution of the oil/CO_(2) component,resulting in increases of 9.5% oil recovery and 15.7% CO_(2) storage,*** study provides theoretical support for improving the geological CO_(2) storage and EOR processes.

关键词： Gravity Flow simulation CO_(2)-oil mixing Enhanced oil recovery(EOR) Geological storage

Deep learning CNN-APSO-LSSVM hybrid fusion model for feature optimization and gas-bearing prediction

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Petroleum Science 2024年第4期21卷 2329-2344页

作者： Jiu-Qiang Yang Nian-Tian Lin Kai Zhang Yan Cui Chao Fu Dong Zhang College of Earth Sciences and Engineering Shandong University of Science and Technology laboratory for Marine Mineral Resources Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology transportation Institute of Inner Mongolia University key laboratory of gas Hydrate Qingdao Institute of Marine Geology Ministry of Natural Resources

Conventional machine learning(CML) methods have been successfully applied for gas reservoir prediction. Their prediction accuracy largely depends on the quality of the sample data; therefore, feature optimization of the input samples is particularly important. Commonly used feature optimization methods increase the interpretability of gas reservoirs; however, their steps are cumbersome, and the selected features cannot sufficiently guide CML models to mine the intrinsic features of sample data efficiently. In contrast to CML methods, deep learning(DL) methods can directly extract the important features of targets from raw data. Therefore, this study proposes a feature optimization and gas-bearing prediction method based on a hybrid fusion model that combines a convolutional neural network(CNN)and an adaptive particle swarm optimization-least squares support vector machine(APSO-LSSVM). This model adopts an end-to-end algorithm structure to directly extract features from sensitive multicomponent seismic attributes, considerably simplifying the feature optimization. A CNN was used for feature optimization to highlight sensitive gas reservoir information. APSO-LSSVM was used to fully learn the relationship between the features extracted by the CNN to obtain the prediction results. The constructed hybrid fusion model improves gas-bearing prediction accuracy through two processes of feature optimization and intelligent prediction, giving full play to the advantages of DL and CML methods. The prediction results obtained are better than those of a single CNN model or APSO-LSSVM model. In the feature optimization process of multicomponent seismic attribute data, CNN has demonstrated better gas reservoir feature extraction capabilities than commonly used attribute optimization methods. In the prediction process, the APSO-LSSVM model can learn the gas reservoir characteristics better than the LSSVM model and has a higher prediction accuracy. The constructed CNN-APSO-LSSVM mode

关键词： Multicomponent seismic data Deep learning Adaptive particle swarm optimization Convolutional neural network Least squares support vector machine Feature optimization gas-bearing distribution prediction

Modulating the degree of O vacancy defects to achieve selective control of electrochemical CO_(2) reduction products

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2024年第5期35卷 482-486页

作者： Tianbo Jia Lili Wang Zhouhao Zhu Baikang Zhu Yingtang Zhou Guoxing Zhu Mingshan Zhu Hengcong Tao School of Petrochemical Engineering&Environment Zhejiang Ocean UniversityZhoushan 316022China Department of General Practice First Medical CenterChinese PLA General HospitalBeijing 100853China National&Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Harbor oil&gas storage and transportation Technology Zhoushan 316022China School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212013China Guangdong key laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health School of EnvironmentJinan UniversityGuangzhou 511443China

Conversion of CO_(2) into high-value products using electrochemical CO_(2) reduction(ECR)technology is an effective way to alleviate global warming and reach carbon *** oxygen vacancies in heterogenous catalysis are generally considered as a powerful method to enhance the performance of ECR by promoting CO_(2) adsorption and ***,the extent of defects in oxygen vacancies-activity relation has rarely been ***,we prepared Cu-Cd bimetallic catalysts with adjustable oxygen defect degree by controlling the amount of cadmium *** transform infrared spectroscopy characterization results reveal that the formation of oxygen vacancies is attributed to the asymmetric stretching of Cu-O by the addition of *** results show that the oxygen defect degree can modulate the selectivity of ECR products.A low degree of oxygen defects(CuO)is generally associated with lower product Faraday efficiency(FE_(C2)/FE_(C1)≈114%),but overabundant oxygen vacancies(CuO_(2.625)-CdO_(0.375))are not entirely favorable to improving ECR activity(FE_(C2)/FE_(C1)≈125%)and single selectivity,while an appropriate degree of oxygen vacancies(CuO_(2.75)-CdO_(0.25))can facilitate the ECR process toward single product selective production(FE_(C2)/FE_(C1)≈296%).The theoretical calculation showed that the O vacancy formed on CuO and the interface between CdO and CuO were conducive to enhancing the formation of ^(*)COOH intermediate and promoting the generation of ethylene *** study provides a new approach and insight into the selective production of single products for future industrial applications of ECR.

关键词： CO_(2) O-vacancies Bimetallic catalysts Copper oxide Cadmium oxide Selective

Single-atom catalysts supported on graphene/electride heterostructures for the enhanced sulfur reduction reaction in lithium-sulfur batteries

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第10期97卷 738-746页

作者： Siyun Qi Chuanchuan Li Gang Chen Mingwen Zhao School of Physics and Electronics Shandong Normal University Qingdao Industrial Energy storage Research Institute Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences School of Physics & State key laboratory of Crystal Materials Shandong University

Single-atom catalysts（SACs） hold great promise in addressing the sluggish kinetics of the sulfur reduction reaction（SRR） in lithium-sulfur（Li-S） batteries for their unique catalytic activity and maximum atom *** these SACs must be dispersed on solid substrates,the underlying support is usually limited to carbon materials that have a poor ability to modulate the coordination environment and electronic structures of single atoms,and consequently their catalytic activity toward the SRR is *** we propose two-dimensional（2D） graphene/electride heterostructu res as substrates to enhance the catalytic activities of SACs for Li-S batteries.2D electrides featuring the anionic electron gas on their surface enable efficient electron transfer to SACs,which alters their electronic structures,resulting in the shifts of the d orbital and Fermi *** unique electronic structure decreases the filling of antibonding states such that the bonding with adsorbates at active sites is *** demonstrate the enhanced catalytic performance of SACs in terms of the Gibbs free energy of SRR and Li2S *** addition,a universal descriptor for the rapid screening of SACs is established by a linear regression fitting *** work provides a new design strategy to modulate SAC activity through electrides for Li-S batteries.

关键词： Charge transfers DFT calculations Electrides Kinetics Universal descriptors

Tuning Li/Ni mixing by reactive coating to boost the stability of cobalt-free Ni-rich cathode

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第10期97卷 20-29页

作者： Fanghui Du Xitong Zhang Yingchao Wang Lei Ding Pengfang Zhang Lingyang Liu Dong Wang Jianzong Man Yuling Chen Yunwu Li shandong Provincial key laboratory of Chemical Energy storage and Novel Cell Technology and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Liaocheng University School of Materials Science and Engineering Yancheng Institute of Technology

Cobalt-free cathode materials are attractive for their high capacity and low cost,yet they still encounter issues with structural and surface ***4,in particular,has garnered attention as an effective stabilizer for bulk and ***,the impact of interfacial reactions and elemental interdiffusion between AlPO4and LiNi0.95Mn0.05O2upon sintering on the bulk and surface remains *** this study,we demonstrate that during the heat treatment process,AlPO4decomposes,resulting in Al doping into the bulk of the cathode through elemental ***,PO43-reacts with the surface Li of material to form a Li3PO4coating,inducing lithium deficiency,thereby increasing Li/Ni *** suitable Li/Ni mixing,previously overlooked in AlPO4modification,plays a pivotal role in stabilizing the bulk and surface,exceeding the synergy of Al doping and *** presence of Ni2+ions in the lithium layers contributes to the stabilization of the delithiated structure via a structural pillar ***,suitable Li/Ni mixing can stabilize the lattice oxygen and electrode-electrolyte interface by increasing oxygen removal energy and reducing the overlap between the Ni3+/4+egand O2-2p *** findings offer new perspectives for the design of stable cobalt-free cathode materials.

关键词： Al doping Cobalt-free Ni-rich cathode Li/Ni mixing Li3PO4 coating Lithium-ion batteries

Rational construction of CuFe_(2)O_(4)@C/Cd_(0.9)Zn_(0.1)S S-scheme heterojunction photocatalyst for extraordinary photothermal-assisted photocatalytic H_(2) evolution

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第5期92卷 240-249页

作者： Dong Zhang Minghui Zhu Ran Qin Peixian Chen Maoye Yin Dafeng Zhang Junchang Liu Hengshuai Li Xipeng Pu Peiqing Cai School of Physics Science and Information Technology Shandong Key Laboratory of Optical Communication Science and TechnologyLiaocheng UniversityLiaocheng 252000ShandongChina School of Materials Science and Engineering Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell TechnologyLiaocheng UniversityLiaocheng 252000ShandongChina College of Optical and Electronic Technology China Jiliang UniversityHangzhou 310018ZhejiangChina

Rational design of photocatalyst to maximize the use of sunlight is one of the issues to be solved in photocatalysis *** this study,the CuFe_(2)O_(4)@C/Cd_(0.9)Zn_(0.1)S(CFO@C/CZS)S-scheme photocatalyst with photothermal effect was synthesized by ultrasonic self-assembly combined with *** dark CFO@C absorbed visible light and partly converted into heat to promote the hydrogen evolution *** presence of heterojunctions inhibited the photogenerated electron-hole *** graphite-carbon layer provided a stable channel for electron transfer,and the presence of magnetic CFO made recycle *** the action of photothermal assistance and heterojunction,the hydrogen evolution rate of the optimal CFO@C/CZS was 80.79 mmol g^(-1) h^(-1),which was 2.55 times and 260.61 times of that of pure CZS and CFO@C,***,the composite samples also exhibit excellent stability and a wide range of environmental *** experimental tests and first-principles simulation calculation methods,the plausible mechanism of photoactivity enhancement was *** work provided a feasible strategy of photothermal assistance for the development of heterojunction photocatalysts with distinctive hydrogen evolution.

关键词： Photothermal effect S-scheme heterojunction Photocatalytic hydrogen evolution First-principles calculations