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Fabricating functionally graded Fe-Cr-co.permanent magnetic alloys via laser powder bed fusion

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Journal of iron and steel Research International 2024年第3期31卷 729-737页

作者： Ya-zhou He Ya-qing Hou Peng Shen Hao Zhang Dong Zhou Hang Su Central iron and steel Research Institute co. Ltd.Beijing 100081China Material Digital R&D Center China Iron and Steel Research Institute Group Co.Ltd.Beijing 100081China

Laser powder bed fusion(LPBF)in-situ alloying technology offers the possibility to co.struct gradient materials with varied structures and *** graded Fe-Cr-co.permanent magnetic alloys were fabricated by LPBF and in-situ alloying mixed powders of Fe,Cr,and co.*** effects of different Fe,Cr and co.co.tents on the microstructure,magnetic properties and hardness of Fe-Cr-co.alloys prepared by LPBF were *** as-built Fe-Cr-co.alloys present a single body-centered-cubic phase and have a homogeneous distribution of *** mechanical properties and magnetic properties of the co.positionally graded sample show a gradient *** the increase in Cr co.tent,the Vickers hardness of the sample increases,and the saturation magnetization of the sample *** optimal magnetic properties in an isotropic state are given as co.rcivity HcB=21.65 kA/m,remanence Br=0.70 T and energy product(BH)_(max)=5.35 kJ/m^(3),which are co.parable to or higher than the reported magnetic properties in an isotropic state prepared by traditional powder *** in-situ alloying technology has the potential to further explore Fe-Cr-co.magnetic materials,such as those co.sisting of multiple or more co.stituent elements,and to maximize the co.positional flexibility of magnetic materials.

关键词： Fe-Cr-co.alloy Laser powder bed fusion In-situ alloying Functional material Magnetic property

Effects of co.ling rate on microstructure and microhardness of directionally solidified Galvalume alloy

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China Foundry 2024年第3期21卷 213-220页

作者： Ji-peng Li De-gao Qiao Jian Li Xiao-yang Luo Peng Peng Xian-tao Yan Xu-dong Zhang Gansu Jiu steel group Hongxing iron and steel co. Ltd.Jiayuguan 735111GansuChina School of Materials and Energy Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China

The influences of co.ling rate on the phase co.stitution,microstructural length scale,and microhardness of directionally solidified Galvalume(Zn-55Al-1.6Si)alloy were investigated by directional solidification experiments at different withdrawal speeds(5,10,20,50,100,200,and 400μm·s^(-1)).The results show that the microstructure of directionally solidified Galvalume alloys is co.posed of primary Al dendrites,Si-rich phase and(Zn-Al-Si)ternary eutectics at the withdrawal speed ranging from 5 to 400μm·s^(-1).As the withdrawal speed increases,the segregation of Si element intensifies,resulting in an increase in the area fraction of the Si-rich *** addition,the primary Al dendrites show significant refinement with an increase in the withdrawal *** relationship between the primary dendrite arm spacing(λ_(1))and the thermal parameters of solidification is obtained:λ_(1)=127.3V^(-0.31).Moreover,as the withdrawal speed increases from 5 to 400μm·s^(-1),the microhardness of the alloy increases from 90 HV to 151 *** is a co.bined effect of grain refinement and seco.d-phase strengthening.

关键词： Galvalume alloy directional solidification microstructure length scale microhardness

Difference in microstructural characteristics of stamp-charged co.e and gravity-charged co.e with approximate macrosco.ic performance

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Journal of iron and steel Research International 2024年第5期31卷 1050-1062页

作者： Chong Zou Zheng-yan Huang Jian-yun Li Bin Li Shi-wei Liu Yuan She School of Metallurgical Engineering Xi’an University of Architecture and TechnologyXi’an710311ShaanxiChina Technical Center of shandong iron and steel co. Ltd.(Laiwu Branch)Jinan271104ShandongChina

The microstructural characteristics including optical texture,porosity and pore structure and chemical structure of stamp-charged co.e(SCC)and gravity-charged co.e(GCC)with similar co.ventional macro-indicators were investigated,and the properties including micro-strength,reactivity of co.e matrix and that after alkali enrichment were co.paratively studied by various characterization *** anisotropic structure of SCC is co.posed of high co.tent of fine mosaic texture,while the co.tent of medium mosaic texture,co.rse texture and fibrous texture is *** statistical average shows that the fine mosaic average of SCC(24.89%)is 3.78 times the GCC average(6.58%),and the co.rse mosaic average(1.24%)is only about 1/3 of the GCC average(3.43%).The porosity of SCC is lower than that of GCC,but tamping process does not lead to the fact that the number of closed pores of SCC is significantly lower than that of *** the structure of SCC is co.pact,its pore number is large and the pore wall is *** of co.e with diameter less than 150 nm seem unaffected by tamping *** aromatic structure of SCC was less ordered than that of GCC,which was speculated to be related to the addition of more low metamorphic co.l in *** microsco.ic strength and structural strength of SCC are lower than those of *** reactivity of co.e matrix is affected by the specific surface area,but it is not the determining factor of its *** improvement in dissolution reactivity of co.e after potassium enrichment is independent of co.e type.

关键词： Stamp-charged co.e Optical texture Porosity Microstructure Reactivity

Hybrid model for BOF oxygen blowing time prediction based on oxygen balance mechanism and deep neural network

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2024年第1期31卷 106-117页

作者： Xin Shao Qing Liu Zicheng Xin Jiangshan Zhang Tao Zhou Shaoshuai Li State Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallurgy University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China Engineering Research Center of MES Technology for iron&steel Production Ministry of EducationBeijing 100083China Laiwu iron and steel group Yinshan Section steel co. Ltd.Jinan 271104China

The amount of oxygen blown into the co.verter is one of the key parameters for the co.trol of the co.verter blowing process,which directly affects the tap-to-tap time of co.verter. In this study, a hybrid model based on oxygen balance mechanism (OBM) and deep neural network (DNN) was established for predicting oxygen blowing time in co.verter. A three-step method was utilized in the hybrid model. First, the oxygen co.sumption volume was predicted by the OBM model and DNN model, respectively. Seco.d, a more accurate oxygen co.sumption volume was obtained by integrating the OBM model and DNN model. Finally, the co.verter oxygen blowing time was calculated acco.ding to the oxygen co.sumption volume and the oxygen supply intensity of each heat. The proposed hybrid model was verified using the actual data co.lected from an integrated steel plant in China, and co.pared with multiple linear regression model, OBM model, and neural network model including extreme learning machine, back propagation neural network, and DNN. The test results indicate that the hybrid model with a network structure of 3 hidden layer layers, 32-16-8 neurons per hidden layer, and 0.1 learning rate has the best prediction accuracy and stronger generalization ability co.pared with other models. The predicted hit ratio of oxygen co.sumption volume within the error±300 m^(3)is 96.67%;determination co.fficient (R^(2)) and root mean square error (RMSE) are0.6984 and 150.03 m^(3), respectively. The oxygen blow time prediction hit ratio within the error±0.6 min is 89.50%;R2and RMSE are0.9486 and 0.3592 min, respectively. As a result, the proposed model can effectively predict the oxygen co.sumption volume and oxygen blowing time in the co.verter.

关键词： basic oxygen furnace oxygen co.sumption oxygen blowing time oxygen balance mechanism deep neural network hybrid model

Analysis of destructive effect of Zn on carbon brick and way of Zn into carbon brick

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Journal of iron and steel Research International 2024年第6期31卷 1344-1354页

作者： Peng-bo Liu Shu-sen Cheng Yu-qing Xue Xiao-man Cheng Zhao Liu University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing 100083China Ministry of ironmaking Shangdong Taishan Steel Group Co.Ltd.Taian 271000ShandongChina

The service life of a blast furnace depends largely on the degree of damage to the carbon brick in the *** brick and ramming material in the hearth of a 1780 m3 blast furnace after shutdown were sampled and *** was found that the substances in the cracks of the carbon brick near and above the taphole were ZnO and Zn_(2)SiO_(4),whereas the substances in the cracks of the carbon brick below the taphole were *** reaction of Zn with co.SiO_(2),and Fes generates ZnO,Zn_(2)SiO_(4),and ZnS,resulting in volume expansion,which is an important reason for the cracking of carbon ***,several obvious Zn vapor flow channels were found in the ramming material,through which Zn vapor co.ld enter the carbon brick,causing damage to the carbon *** the co.pactness of the ramming material is beneficial to preventing Zn vapor from entering the carbon brick through the voids in the ramming material,reducing the destructive effect of Zn on the carbon brick and further extending the service life of the blast furnace.

关键词： Zn Blast furnace Carbon brick Ramming material Crack

Diffusion and reaction mechanism of limestone and quartz in fluxed iron ore pellet roasting process

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2024年第3期31卷 485-497页

作者： Yufeng Guo Jinlai Zhang Shuai Wang Jianjun Fan Haokun Li Feng Chen Kuo Liu Lingzhi Yang School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering Central South UniversityChangsha 410083China Technology Center Taiyuan Iron Steel(Group)Co.Ltd.(TISCO)Taiyuan 030003China

The increase to the proportion of fluxed pellets in the blast furnace burden is a useful way to reduce the carbon emissions in the ironmaking *** this study,the interaction between calcium carbonate and iron ore powder and the mineralization mechanism of fluxed iron ore pellet in the roasting process were investigated through diffusion co.ple *** electron microsco.y with energy dispersive spectrosco.y was used to study the elements’diffusion and phase transformation during the roasting *** results indicated that limestone deco.posed into calcium oxide,and magnetite was oxidized to hematite at the early stage of *** the increase in roasting temperature,the diffusion rate of Fe and Ca was obviously accelerated,while the diffusion rate of Si was relatively *** order of magnitude of interdiffusion co.fficient of Fe_(2)O_(3)-CaO diffusion co.ple was 10^(−10) m^(2)·s^(−1) at a roasting temperature of 1200℃for 9 ***_(2)Fe_(2)O_(5) was the initial product in the Fe_(2)O_(3)-CaO-SiO_(2) diffusion interface,and then Ca_(2)Fe_(2)O_(5) co.tinued to react with Fe_(2)O_(3) to form CaFe_(2)O_(4).With the expansion of the diffusion region,the sillico.ferrite of calcium liquid phase was produced due to the melting of SiO_(2) into CaFe_(2)O_(4),which can strengthen the co.solidation of fluxed ***,andradite would be formed around a small part of quartz particles,which is also co.ducive to the co.solidation of fluxed *** addition,the principle diagram of limestone and quartz diffusion reaction in the process of fluxed pellet roasting was discussed.

关键词： fluxed iron ore pellet limestone hematite quartz diffusion reaction

Modeling of LF refining process:a review

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Journal of iron and steel Research International 2024年第2期31卷 289-317页

作者： Zi-cheng Xin Jiang-shan Zhang Kai-xiang Peng Jun-guo Zhang Chun-hui Zhang Qing Liu State Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallurgy University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing100083China School of Automation and Electrical Engineering University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing100083China Tangshan Branch Hebei Iron and Steel Co.Ltd.Tangshan063000HebeiChina Xinjiang Bayi iron and steel co. Ltd.Baosteel GroupWulumuqi830022XinjiangChina

With the increasing demand for energy co.servation and emission reduction,more attentions have been paid to the intelligentization,greenization and low carbonization during the transformation and upgrading of steelmaking *** furnace(LF)refining is one of the key procedures in steelmaking process and has been widely used in steelmaking plants for its high equipment matching degree,low equipment investment and outstanding refining *** to the main tasks of LF refining process,the modeling methods of temperature prediction model,slag-making model,alloying model,argon blowing model and model of inclusions behavior were systematically reviewed,and the advantages and disadvantages of each modeling method were *** addition,the technical framework for the future has also been proposed based on existing works,including classification of raw materials,graphic representation of knowledge,introduction,upgradation and management of device/equipment,customization of steelmaking,modeling of refining process,synergy of models,intelligentization of decision-making,automation of co.trol,and digitization of processes and operations,aiming to provide a reference for the modeling and intelligent development of LF refining process.

关键词： LF refining Temperature prediction Slag-making Alloying Argon blowing Inclusion behavior Modeling method

Solidification behaviour and hot cracking susceptibility of a novel Ni-based superalloy

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Journal of iron and steel Research International 2024年第4期31卷 956-966页

作者： Yue Chen Shao-min Lv Xing-fei Xie Xiao-can Wen Jng-long Qu Jin-hui Du High-Temperature Materials Institute China Iron and Steel Research Institute Group Co.Ltd.Beijing 100081China Beijing GAONA Materials and Technology co. Ltd.Beijing 100081China Sichuan CISRI-GAONA Forging co. Ltd.Deyang 610000SichuanChina

A novel Ni-based superalloy GH4151,with a γ′ volume fraction of about 55%and a service temperature capability up to 8oo oC,was *** to the different co.ling co.ditions of various regions during the solidification of ingots,significant co.ling rate variations may lead to the occurrence of hot *** scanning laser microsco.e was utilised to investigate the solidification process and phase precipitation behaviour of the GH4151 under wide range co.ling *** characteristics of L→γ transformation were analysed,and the growth rates of at each stage were *** segregation behaviour was predicted using the Scheil equation,and the predicted results match well with the experimental *** sensitivity co.fficient for hot cracking was modified,and cracking sensitivity co.fficient values for the alloy under different co.ling rates were co.puted,revealing that the alloy is most susceptible to hot cracking at 10℃/min co.ling ***,co.trolling the co.ling rate can reduce the possibility of hot cracking in ingot.

关键词： Ni-based superalloy Solidification behaviour In-situ observation Clyne and Davies's criterion:Hot cracking susceptibility

The effects of deformation parameters and co.ling rates on the aging behavior of AZ80+0.4%Ce

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2024年第2期12卷 639-658页

作者： Yongbiao Yang Jinxuan Guo Cuiying Wang Ting Yan Zhang Wenxuan Jiang Zhimin Zhang Qiang Wang Guojun Li Jun Wang co.lege of Materials Science and Engineering North University of ChinaLane 3Xueyuan RoadTaiyuanShanxiChina030051 State Key Laboratory of Advanced Stainless steel Materials Taiyuan Iron Steel(Group)Co.Ltd.Taiyuan 030003China Technology Center Shanxi Taigang Stainless Steel Co.Ltd.Taiyuan 030003China

The extruded AZ80+0.4%Ce magnesium alloy was twisted in the temperature range of 300-380℃by using a Gleeble 3500 thermal simulation test machine with a torsion *** deformed cylindrical specimens were co.led at a co.ling rate of 10℃/s or 0.1℃/s,respectively,and aged at 170℃.The microstructure analysis results showed that the grain size decreased with increasing specimen radial position from center(SRPC),and that the strong initial basal texture of the extruded magnesium alloy was *** co.tinuous and disco.tinuous dynamic recrystallization mechanisms were involved in co.tributing to the grain refinement for all specimens *** a novel extension twinning induced dynamic recrystallization mechanism was proposed for specimen deformed at 300℃.For the specimens deformed at 300℃and 340℃followed by a slow co.ling rate(0.1℃/s),precipitates of various shapes(β-Mg_(17)Al_(12)),with the dominant precipitates being on the grains boundaries,appeared on the surface *** specimen deformed at 380℃,lamellar precipitates(LPS)in the interiors of the grains were *** aging,the LPS still dominated for specimens twisted at 380℃;however,the LPS gradually decreased with decreasing deformation temperatures from 380℃to 300℃.Dynamically precipitatedβ,especially those deco.ating the grain boundaries,changed the co.petition pictures for the LPS and precipitates of other shapes after ***,LPS dominated the areas for the center section of the specimens after aging regardless of deformation *** temperature deformation with high SRPC followed by rapid co.ling rate increased the micro hardness of the alloy after aging due to refined grain,reduced precipitates size,decreased lamellar spacing as well as strain hardening.

关键词： AZ80+0.4%Ce magnesium alloy Hot torsion Deformation parameters co.ling rate Aging Micro hardness