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A Model of Hydrothermal Dolomite Reservoir Facies in Precambrian Dolomite, Central Sichuan Basin, SW China and its Geochemical Characteristics

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2019年第1期93卷 130-145页

作者： GU Yifan ZHOU Lu JIANG Yuqiang JIANG Chan LUO Mingsheng ZHU Xun School of Geosciences & Technology Southwest Petroleum University Exploration Division PetroChina Southwest Oil & Gas Field Company Shunan Division of petrochina southwest oil&gas field company Exploration and Development institute of southwest oil&gas field company PetroChina

Hydrothermal mineral assemblages and related hydrothermally enhanced fracturing are common in the Precambrian Dengying Formation of Central Sichuan Basin. Petrographic and geochemical analyses of core samples show that the hydrothermal dolomite reservoirs of Dengying Formation consist of four main types of pores in the reservoir facies. These include: 1) hydrothermal dissolution vug(or pore), 2) intercrystalline pore, 3) residual inter-breccia vug(or pore), and 4) enlarged dissolved-fracture. There are three different fabrics dolomite in hydrothermal dolomite reservoirs, namely, saddle dolomite, fine-medium dolomite and micritic dolomite. Micritic dolomite is the original lithology of host rock. Saddle dolomite with curved or irregular crystal faces was directly crystallized from hydrothermal fluids(average temperature 192°C). Fine-medium dolomites are the products of recrystallization of micritic dolomite, resulting in abnormal geochemical characteristics, such as slight depletion of δ^(18)O, significant enrichment of Mn-Fe and ^(87)Sr/^(86)Sr, and positive Eu anomaly. A model for the distribution of various hydrothermal dolomite reservoir facies is proposed here, which incorporates three fundamental geological controls: 1) extensional tectonics and tectono-hydrothermal events(i.e., the Xingkai Taphrogenesis of Late Sinian-Early Cambrian, and Emei Taphrogenesis of Late Permian), 2) hydrothermal fluid storage in clastic rocks with large thickness(e.g., Nanhua System of Chengjiang Formation and part of Doushantuo Formation), and 3) confining bed for hydrothermal fluids(such as, the shale in Qiongzhusi Formation). The supply of hydrothermal fluid is critical. Large basement-rooted faults and associated grid-like fracture system may function as the channels for upward migration of hydrothermal fluid flow. The intersection of the above-mentioned faults(including the conversion fault), especially transtensional sags above negative flower structures on wrench faults can s

关键词： hydrothermal dolomite reservoir facies geochemical characteristics Precambrian Dengying Formation central Sichuan Basin

Basin-Scale Sand Deposition in the Upper Triassic Xujiahe Formation of the Sichuan Basin, southwest China: Sedimentary Framework and Conceptual Model

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Journal of Earth Science 2013年第1期24卷 89-103页

作者：谭秀成夏青松陈景山李凌刘宏罗冰夏吉文杨家静 State Key Laboratory of oil and gas Geology and Exploitation Southwest Petroleum University School of Resource and Environment Southwest Petroleum University research institute of Exploration and Development PetroChina Southwest Oil and Gas Field Company Branch of Shunan gas field PetroChina Southwest Oil and Gas Field Company

The Upper Triassic Xujiahe （须家河） Formation in the Sichuan （四川） Basin, southwest China is distinctive for the basin-scale sand deposition. This relatively rare sedimentary phenomenon has not been well interpreted. Here we addressed this issue by discussing sedimentary framework and conceptual model. Analysis of sedimentary setting implied that the basin received transgression during the deposition. It had multiple provenance supplies and river networks, as being surrounded by old- lands in multiple directions including the north, east and south. Thus, the basin was generally charac-terized by coastal and widely open and shallow lacustrine deposition during the Late Triassic Xujiahe period. This is similar to the modern well-known Poyang （鄱阳） Lake. Therefore, we investigated the framework and conceptual model of the Sichuan Basin during the Xujiahe period with an analogue to the Poyang Lake. Results show that the conceptual model of the deposition can be divided into transgressive and regressive stages. The first, third and fifth mem- bers of the formation are in transgressive stage and the deposits are dominated by shore and shallow lacustrine mud. In contrast, the deposition is mainly of braided river channel sand deposits during the regressive stage, mainly including the second, fourth and sixth members of the formation. The sand deposited in almost the entire basin because of the lateral migration and forward moving of the cross networks of the braided rivers. The multiple alternations of short and rapid transgression and relatively long regression are beneficial to the basin-scale sand deposition. Thus, the main channel of the braided river and its extensional areas are favorable for the development of hydrocarbon reservoir. This provides practical significance to the reservoir evaluation and exploration. In addition, the results also justify the relatively distinctive sedimentary phenomenon in the study area and may also have im- plications for understanding the

关键词： basin-scale sand deposition coastal and widely open lake sedimentary framework sedimentary conceptual model channel of braided river Upper Triassic Xujiahe Formation Sichuan Basin.

Implication of Water-Rock Interaction for Enhancing shale gas Production

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Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing 2024年第7期20卷 1441-1462页

作者： Qiuyang Cheng Lijun You Cheng Chang Weiyang Xie Haoran Hu Xingchen Wang shale gas research institute PetroChina Southwest Oil and Gas Field CompanyChengdu610056China Sichuan Province Key Laboratory of shale gas Evaluation and Exploitation PetroChina Southwest Oil and Gas Field CompanyChengdu610056China State Key Laboratory of oil and gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation Southwest Petroleum UniversityChengdu610500China

Horizontal well drilling and multi-stage hydraulic fracturing technologies are at the root of commercial shale gas development and *** these processes,typically,a large amount of working fluid enters the formation,resulting in widespread water-rock *** understanding such effects is required to optimize the production *** this study,the mechanisms of water-rock interaction and the associated responses of shale fabric are systematically reviewed for working fluids such as neutral fluids,acid fluids,alkali fluids and oxidative *** is shown that shale is generally rich in water-sensitive components such as clay minerals,acidsensitive components(like carbonate minerals),alkali-sensitive components(like quartz),oxidative-sensitive components(like organic matter and pyrite),which easily lead to change of rock fabric and mechanical properties owing to water-rock *** to the results,oxidizing acid fluids and oxidizing fracturing fluids should be used to enhance shale gas *** study also indicates that an aspect playing an important role in increasing cumulative gas production is the optimization of the maximum shut-in time based on the change point of the wellhead pressure drop *** important influential factor to be considered is the control of the wellhead pressure considering the stress sensitivity and creep characteristics of the fracture network.

关键词： shale gas reservoir hydraulic fracturing working fluid water-rock interaction oxidation shut-in production system

Evaluation of Well Spacing for Primary Development of Fractured Horizontal Wells in Tight Sandstone gas Reservoirs

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Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing 2024年第5期20卷 1015-1030页

作者： Fang Li Juan Wu Haiyong Yi Lihong Wu Lingyun Du Yuan Zeng Exploration and Development research institute PetroChina Southwest Oil&Gas Field CompanyChengdu610041China oil and gas Resources Department PetroChina Southwest Oil&Gas Field CompanyChengdu610000China

Methods for horizontal well spacing calculation in tight gas reservoirs are still adversely affected by the complexity of related control factors,such as strong reservoir heterogeneity and seepage *** this study,the stress sensitivity and threshold pressure gradient of various types of reservoirs are quantitatively evaluated through reservoir seepage *** the basis of these experiments,a numerical simulation model(based on the special seepage mechanism)and an inverse dynamic reserve algorithm(with different equivalent drainage areas)were *** well spacing ranges of Classes I,II,and III wells in the Q gas field are determined to be 802–1,000,600–662,and 285–400 m,respectively,with their average ranges as 901,631,and 342.5 m,*** considering both the pairs of parallel well groups and series well groups as examples,the reliability of the calculation results is *** is shown that the combination of the two models can reduce errors and provide accurate results.

关键词： Well spacing for primary development tight gas reservoir fractured horizontal well threshold pressure gradient stress sensitivity

gas accumulation conditions and key technologies for exploration & development of Sinian and Cambrian gas reservoirs in Anyue gasfield

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Petroleum research 2018年第3期3卷 221-238页

作者： Yueming Yang Yu Yang Guang Yang Jiarong Song LongWen Chuanguang Deng Maolong Xia Qi Ran Guobin Duan Bing Luo Bing Xie petrochina southwest oil&gas field company Sichuan610051China research institute of Exploration and Development PetroChina Southwest Oil&Gas Field CompanySichuan610051China Exploration Division PetroChina Southwest Oil&Gas Field CompanySichuan610051China Chongqing shale gas Exploration and Development Co. Ltd.Chongqing400023China

Exploration of the Sinian-Lower Paleozoic formations in the Sichuan Basin starts from the 1950s,and is tortuous and *** summarize the exploration experiences is of great significance of reference for exploration of oil and gas in deep carbonate rocks of the Sichuan *** accumulation in the Anyue oversize gasfield is chiefly controlled by the Deyang-Anyue intra-platform rift and central Sichuan *** intra-platform rift controls the scale hydrocarbon generation center and effective hydrocarbon *** Anyue gasfield is characterized by near-source hydrocarbon *** marginal zone of intra-platform rift and high part of the paleouplift control the scale distribution of favorable facies belts of reservoir development,and overlapped by paleokarstic reformation,the reservoirs are widely *** intra-platform rift and paleouplift jointly control formation of the scale traps and hydrocarbon *** reservoir features and major controlling factors for hydrocarbon accumulation have some differences in the main play strata,such as Longwangmiao Formation,and Member 4 and Member 2 of Dengying *** gas reservoir in the Longwangmiao Formation is a lithologic gas reservoir under the tectonic setting,and the inherited paleouplift is a key for reservoir formation and hydrocarbon *** gas reservoir in the Member 4 of Dengying Formation is mainly controlled by large structural-stratigraphic composite traps,and the gas reservoir in the Member 2 of Dengying Formation is the structural *** of the large gasfields in the Dengying Formation is controlled by the intra-platform rift,near-source hydrocarbon-reservoir configuration controlled by the ancient erosion plane and stratigraphic sealing in the updip *** exploration and development of the Anyue gasfield,four series of technologies are developed,namely,reservoir seismic fine description technology,well logging fine evaluation technology of gas

关键词： Anyue gasfield Dengying Formation Longwangmiao Formation gas reservoir feature Enrichment regularity Exploration and development technology

An optimization model for conductivity of hydraulic fracture networks in the Longmaxi shale,Sichuan basin,southwest China

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Energy Geoscience 2020年第1期1卷 47-54页

作者： Zhihong Zhao Kaidi Wu Yu Fan Jianchun Guo Bo Zeng Wenhan Yue State Key Laboratory of oil and gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation Southwest Petroleum UniversityChenduSichuanChina shale gas research institute PetroChina Southwest Oil and Gas Field CompanyChenduSichuanChina

shale gas is an important unconventional *** economic recovery of shale gas is only possible when a fracture network with sufficient conductivity is created by hydraulic fracturing,that,if effectively propped,connects fracturing fractures and natural *** on the Longmaxi shale in the Sichuan Basin,southwest China,we built an optimization model for conductivity of multi-grade fractures based on equivalent seepage *** then experimentally analyzed the conductivity of self-propped and sand-propped fractures,and optimized the propping patterns of multi-grade hydraulic fractures in shale gas *** concluded that the propping effectiveness of fracture networks could be improved by using low concentrations of small-sized sands and by focusing on creating a large number of self-propped *** applying this understanding to the optimization of fracturing designs for the Longmaxi shale,we successfully created networks of well-propped fractures.

关键词： Fracture network Conductivity optimization Propped fracture Self-propped fracture shale gas

Origin of facies-controlled dolomite and exploration significance of the Middle Permian Qixia Formation in central Sichuan Basin, Western China

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Petroleum Science 2024年第5期21卷 2927-2945页

作者： Xiao-Liang Bai Long Wen Yong-Mei Zhang Xi-Hua Zhang Jing Wang Yan-Gui Chen Si-Qiao Peng Wei Wang Jia-Yi Zhong Ya Li Ping Gao research institute of Exploration and Development PetroChina Southwest Oil and Gas Field CompanyChengdu610051SichuanChina State Key Laboratory of oil and gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation Chengdu University of TechnologyChengdu610059SichuanChina College of Energy(College of Modern shale gas Industry) Chengdu University of TechnologyChengdu610059SichuanChina Exploration Division PetroChina Southwest Oil and Gas Field CompanyChengdu610051SichuanChina

The intraplatform shoal dolomite of the Middle Permian Qixia Formation is currently considered the key target of hydrocarbon exploration in the central Sichuan Basin. To systematically investigate the origin of the stratabound facies-controlled porous dolomites of the Qixia Formation, integrated petrography,logging and seismic analysis were carried out in this work. The results are as following:(1) the dolomite reservoir is universal in the central Sichuan Basin, and its distribution is controlled by intraplatform shoals, with multilayer superposition vertically. Thick massive dolostone may also develop along with the fault.(2) Three replaced dolomites and one dolomite cement were identified: very finely to finely crystalline, anhedral to subhedral dolomite(Rd1);finely to medium crystalline, anhedral to subhedral dolomite(Rd2);coarsely crystalline, subhedral to euhedral dolomite(Rd3) and coarsely crystalline saddle dolomite cement(Sd). Rd2 and Rd3 are partly fabric-retentive, and preserve the original bioclastic ghosts. Sd shows wavy extinction, filled in the breccia veins.(3) The U-Pb dating and homogenization temperatures results indicate that the dolomite and Sd cement are associated with hydrothermal event during the Emeishan large igneous province. The δ^(13)C,^(87)Sr/^(86)Sr, and seawater-like REEY patterns suggest that the dolomitization and Sd precipitation fluids originate from connate seawater heated by elevated heat-flow.(4) The ELIP triggered large scale thermal anomalies in the basin during the Dongwu movement period. The increased temperature and pressure drove the formation water in the intra-platform shoal facies and overcame the binding effect of Mg^(2+) hydrate. Moreover, the deep hydrothermal fluid preferentially penetrated into the porous strata of shoal facies along the faults and fractures, mixed with formation water to some extent, and extensive dolomitization occurred. The facies-controlled dolomite reservoir and the underlying Cambrian sourc

关键词： Central sichuan basin Qiaxia formation Facies-controlled dolomite Hydrothermal fluids Connate seawater

The behaviors of gas-liquid two-phase flow under gas kick during horizontal drilling with oil-based muds

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Petroleum 2024年第1期10卷 49-67页

作者： Yu Su Huiyun Ma Jianhua Guo Xinyu Shen Zhaoliang Yang Jie Wu Engineering Technology research institute PetroChina Southwest Oil&Gas Field CompanyChengdu610017PR China

Natural gas is easily soluble in oil-based muds(OBM),leading to complex flow behavior in wellbores,especially in horizontal *** this study,a new transient flow model considering wellbore-formation coupling and gas solubility on flow behavior is developed to simulate gas kicks during horizontal drilling with ***,the effect of gas solubility on parameters such as bottom-hole pressure(BHP),gas void fraction and mixture velocity in the flow behavior is ***,several critical factors affecting flow behavior are investigated and compared to gas kicks in water-based muds(WBM)where the effect of solubility is *** results show that the invading gas exists as dissolved gas in the OBM and as free gas in the *** the gas escapes from the OBM,the pit gain is zero and there is barely any change in the BHP,annulus return flow rate and mixture velocity,which means that detecting gas kicks through these warning signs can be challenging until they get very close to the surface and develop ***,in WBM drilling,these parameters change quickly with the increasing gas kick ***,for both cases,the longer the horizontal length and the greater reservoir permeability,the greater the decrease in BHP,and the shorter the time for gas to migrate from the bottom-hole to the wellhead.A larger flow rate contributes to a greater initial BHP and a lesser BHP *** research is of value in characterizing gas kick behavior and identifying novel ways for early gas kick detection during horizontal drilling with OBM.

关键词： Flow behavior gas solubility gas kick Horizontal drilling oil-based muds Water-based muds

Synergistic action of erosion-corrosion on L360N in different condensate oil-contained NaCl solutions

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Journal of Iron and Steel research International 2024年第11期31卷 2864-2878页

作者： Yan-ran Wang Hai-feng Liu Hong-fa Huang Xiao-xiong Guo Lin-cai Peng Chang-hui Zhang petrochina southwest oil and gasfield company Research Institute of Natural Gas TechnologyChengdu610213SichuanChina petrochina southwest oil and gasfield company Chengdu610051SichuanChina Central Sichuan District Oil and Gas Petrochina Southwest Oil and Gasfield CompanySuining629000SichuanChina

The experiments studying on the components of pure erosion, pure corrosion and their synergism were performed in multiphase systems containing sand particles, NaCl solution and condensate oil. The influence of condensate oil content on damage degree for each component was investigated by designing four different levels (0, 5, 10 and 20 vol.%). The mechanism about erosion-corrosion was analyzed by measurements of thinning rate, electrochemical experiments, scanning electron morphology and white light interferometer. The results showed that the presence of condensate oil enhanced mechanical damage of L360N pipeline steel because of the increase in viscosity. The erosion-corrosion and pure erosion were significantly accelerated with the increase in condensate oil content. However, the condensate oil content had basically no effect on pure corrosion, and the thinning rate for it was much lower than that for pure erosion. Therefore, the pure erosion component dominated the erosion-corrosion damage in such multiphase systems.

关键词： Condensate oil Erosion-corrosion Synergistic action Rotating-disk erosion L360N pipeline steel