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A Survey on Blockchain-Based Federated Learning:Categorization,Application and Analysis

co.puter Modeling in Engineering & sciences 2024年第6期139卷 2451-2477页

作者： Yuming Tang Yitian Zhang Tao Niu Zhen Li Zijian Zhang Huaping Chen Long Zhang School of Cyberspace science&technology Beijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing100081China School of co.puter science&technology Beijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing100081China Southeast Institute of Information technology Beijing Institute of TechnologyPutian351100China Qianxin technology group co. Ltd.Beijing100044China

Federated Learning(FL),as an emergent paradigm in privacy-preserving machine learning,has garnered significant interest from scholars and engineers across both academic and industrial spheres.Despite its innovative approach to model training across distributed networks,FL has its vulnerabilities;the centralized server-client architecture introduces risks of single-point failures.Moreover,the integrity of the global model—a co.nerstone of FL—is susceptible to co.promise through poisoning attacks by malicious actors.Such attacks and the potential for privacy leakage via inference starkly undermine FL’s foundational privacy and security goals.For these reasons,some participants unwilling use their private data to train a model,which is a bottleneck in the development and industrialization of federated learning.Blockchain technology,characterized by its decentralized ledger system,offers a co.pelling solution to these issues.It inherently prevents single-point failures and,through its incentive mechanisms,motivates participants to co.tribute co.puting power.Thus,blockchain-based FL(BCFL)emerges as a natural progression to address FL’s challenges.This study begins with co.cise introductions to federated learning and blockchain technologies,followed by a formal analysis of the specific problems that FL enco.nters.It discusses the challenges of co.bining the two technologies and presents an overview of the latest cryptographic solutions that prevent privacy leakage during co.munication and incentives in BCFL.In addition,this research examines the use of BCFL in various fields,such as the Internet of Things and the Internet of Vehicles.Finally,it assesses the effectiveness of these solutions.

关键词： Federated learning blockchain privacy-preserving

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Sludge co.position and characteristics shaped microbial co.munity and further determined process performance: A study on full-scale thermal hydrolysis-anaerobic digestion processes

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Journal of Environmental sciences 2024年第3期137卷 96-107页

作者： Wei Liu Chenxiang Sun Wei Li Tianle Li Zhan Chen Jiawei Wang Zhengran Ren Xianghua Wen School of Environment Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Jinneng holding group DatongShanxi 037000China Research and Development Center Beijing Drainage Group Co.Ltd.Beijing 100124China Beijing Dabeinong science and technology group co. Ltd.Beijing 100080China

Anaerobic digestion (AD) with thermal hydrolysis (TH) pretreatment is a promising process for excess sludge treatment,while there lacks of the knowledge from full-scale process about the impact of sludge co.position and characteristics on microbial co.munity and performance.The sludge physiochemical indices,microbial co.munity and performance data of four full-scale TH-AD plants were characterized,and their relationships was elucidated.The four plants were operated under almost similar total organic loading rate (OLR)but their methanogenesis performance differentiate into two groups,namely superior group(SupG) and the inferior group (Inf G).In both groups,TH effectively solubilized particulate organic co.pounds,meanwhile raised the ammonia nitrogen (NH_(4)^(+)-N) and volatile fatty acid (VFA) co.centration.co.pared with the Sup G,thermal hydrolyzed sludge of Inf G had higher level of VFAs,NH_(4)^(+)-N and total chemical oxygen demand (t co.),which showed higher inhibition effect on microbes,leading to a co.munity with lower diversity,lower abundance of carbohydrate degrading functional guild,higher protein degrading one,and methanogens that adapted to limited substrates,and further declined the methane production rate.Thus,it was reco.mended that OLR alone was not sufficient for co.trolling the system in design and operation,the co.centration of VFAs,NH_(4)^(+)-N and t co. should be equally co.sidered.Their higher co.centration,together with the higher abundance of Defluviitoga and Proteiniphilum were reco.mended as indicators for inferior running co.dition.Our results proposed that microbial co.munities played a role of bridge between environmental factors and performance,provided implications for engineering eco.ogy and operational regulation for full-scale sludge TH-AD process.

关键词： Thermal hydrolysis Anaerobic digestion Microbial co.munity Full-scale

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Availability analysis of private cloud safety co.puter platform based on the Markov process

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Transportation Safety and Environment 2024年第1期6卷 103-108页

作者： Limin Fu Jiakun Wen Southwest Jiaotong University The School of Information Science&TechnologyChengduSichuan 610097China CRSC Research&Design Institute group co. LtdBeijing 100070China

To ensure the co.rectness of train co.trol system design and development,the ways of simulation,test and formalization were co.pared.Acco.ding to the safe critical attribute of train co.trol system,the characters related to system safety were propounded such as real time,hybrid,distribution(co.currence)and reactivity,and the specific formal methods associated with every character were introduced in details.The analysis and classification of the methods were done based on their mathematical basis and applications,and their advantages and disadvantages were given.Analysis result indicates that every method has determinate limitations,which is determined by the essences of model checking and theory proving.It is pointed out that the presentation of new method,the expansion of existing methods and the integration of many methods will be the development trend of formalization in train co.trol system.

关键词： safety co.puter Markov process cloud co.puting availability analysis

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Tunnel bottleneck management with high-occupancy vehicle priority on intelligent freeways

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Transportation Safety and Environment 2024年第2期6卷 87-95页

作者： Jinyong Gao Juncheng Zeng Xinyuan Wang Cheng Zhou Hailin Zhang Jintao Lai Fujian Express way group co. LtdFuzhou 350000FujianChina Fujian Express way science&technology Innovation Research Institute co. LtdFuzhou 350000FujianChina Beijing Baidu Netco. science technology co. LtdBeijing 100000China Key Laboratory of Road and Traffic Engineering of the Ministry of Education Tongji UniversityShanghai 201804China

Tunnels on freeways,as one of the critical bottlenecks,frequently cause severe co.gestion and passenger delay.To solve the tunnel bottleneck problem,most of the existing research can be divided into two types.One is to adopt variable speed limits(VSLs)to regulate a predetermined speed for vehicles to get through a bottleneck smoothly.The other is to adopt high-occupancy vehicle(HOV)lane management.In HOV lane management strategies,all traffic is divided into HOVs and low-occupancy vehicles(LOVs).HOVs are vehicles with a driver and one or more passengers.LOVs are vehicles with only a driver.This kind of research can grant priority to HOVs by providing a dedicated HOV lane.However,the existing research cannot both mitigate co.gestion and maximize passenger-oriented benefits.To address the research gap,this paper leverages co.nected and automated vehicle(CAV)technologies on intelligent freeways and develops a tunnel bottleneck management strategy with a dynamic HOV lane(DHL).The strategy bears the following features:1)enables tunnel bottleneck management at a microsco.ic level;2)maximizes passenger-oriented benefits;3)grants priority to HOVs even when the HOV lane is open to LOVs;4)allocates right-of-way segments for HOVs and LOVs in real time;and 5)performs well in a mixed-traffic environment.The proposed strategy is evaluated through co.parison against the non-co.trol baseline and a VSL strategy.Sensitivity analysis is co.ducted under different co.gestion levels and penetration rates.The results demonstrate that the proposed strategy outperforms in terms of passenger-oriented delay reduction and HOVs’priority level improvement.

关键词： tunnel bottleneck high-occupancy vehicle(HOV) intelligent freeways right-of-way segment

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Online diagnosis platform for tomato seedling diseases in greenhouse production

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2024年第1期17卷 80-89页

作者： Xin Jin Xiaowu Zhu Jiangtao Ji Mingyong Li Xiaolin Xie Bo Zhao co.lege of Agricultural Equipment Engineering Henan University of Science and TechnologyLuoyang 471003HenanChina science&technology Innovation Center for co.pleted Set Equipment Longmen LaboratoryLuoyang 471023HenanChina Institute of Mechatronics technology and Application China Mechanized Agriculture Science Research Institute Group Co.LtdBeijing 100020China

The facility-based production method is an important stage in the development of modern agriculture,lifting natural light and temperature restrictions and helping to improve agricultural production efficiency.To address the problems of difficulty and low accuracy in detecting pests and diseases in the dense production environment of tomato facilities,an online diagnosis platform for tomato plant diseases based on deep learning and cluster fusion was proposed by co.lecting images of eight major prevalent pests and diseases during the growing period of tomatoes in a facility-based environment.The diagnostic platform co.sists of three main parts:pest and disease information detection,clustering and decision-making of detection results,and platform diagnostic display.Firstly,based on the You Only Look Once(YOLO)algorithm,the key information of the disease was extracted by adding attention module(CBAM),multi-scale feature fusion was performed using weighted bi-directional feature pyramid network(BiFPN),and the overall co.struction was designed to be co.pressed and lightweight;Seco.dly,the k-means clustering algorithm is used to fuse with the deep learning results to output pest identification decision values to further improve the accuracy of identification applications;Finally,a detection platform was designed and developed using Python,including the front-end,back-end,and database of the system to realize online diagnosis and interaction of tomato plant pests and diseases.The experiment shows that the algorithm detects tomato plant diseases and insect pests with mAP(mean Average Precision)of 92.7%,weights of 12.8 Megabyte(M),inference time of 33.6 ms.co.pared with the current mainstream single-stage detection series algorithms,the improved algorithm model has achieved better performance;The accuracy rate of the platform diagnosis output pests and diseases information of 91.2%for images and 95.2%for videos.It is a great significance to tomato pest co.trol research and the development of smart agriculture.

关键词： pest and disease detection YOLO diagnosis platform k-means clustering facility production base

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Mechanism of a dual-phase Ti-Nb alloy exhibiting near-linear elastic deformation

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Rare Metals 2024年第5期43卷 2282-2289页

作者： Yan Guo Wang Ding Wen Ma Shun Guo Hao-Dong Meng Nian-Yao Xu School of Automotive Engineering Changzhou Institute of Technology School of Materials science and Engineering Jiangsu University Youke Publishing co. Ltd China Grinm Group Co. Ltd

In this work, the underlying mechanism responsible for the near-linear elastic deformation behavior of a dual-phase Ti-Nb alloy co.sisting of β and a''phase with large reco.erable strain was systematically elucidated.Based on in situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction(SXRD)analyses, it was found that besides intrinsic elastic deformation, a slight reversible β ? a''stress-induced martensitic(SIM) transformation, which proceeded in a co.secutive mode under the retarding effect of micro-defects, took place during the near-linear elastic deformation.After unloading, a small amount of residual macrosco.ic strain remained in the specimen due to the inco.plete reverse a''→ β transformation on unloading. The high near-linear elastic deformability of the co.d drawing(CD)Ti-Nb alloy has been revealed to be attributed to the co.pling actions of intrinsic elasticity as well as the co.secutive and reversible β ? a''SIM transformation. Our research may co.tribute to a new avenue for the design and development of novel dual-phase Ti-based alloys with desirable elastic deformability.

关键词： Titanium alloys Dual-phase Near-linear elastic deformation Martensitic transformation

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Efficient removal of tetracycline hydrochloride through novel Fe/BiOBr/Bi_(2)WO_(6) photocatalyst prepared by dual-strategy under visible-light irradiation

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Journal of Environmental sciences 2024年第4期138卷 46-61页

作者： Guanlong Yu Kai Yang Yi Yang Yifu Li Qifang Sun Peiyuan Li Wenming Wang Fengming Song Tao Ling Xuejun Peng Zhi Yu Shiquan Sun School of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering Changsha University of Science&TechnologyChangsha 410114China Key Laboratory of Dongting Lake Aquatic Eco.Environmental co.trol and Restoration of Hunan Province Changsha 410114China Hunan Pilot Yanghu Reclaimed Water co. Ltd.Changsha 410208China China Railway Wuju group the First Engineering co. Ltd.Changsha 410117China

It is important to investigate whether co.bining two modification strategies has a synergistic effect on the activity of photocatalysts.In this manuscript,Fe-doped BiOBr/Bi_(2)WO_(6) heterojunctions were synthesized by a one-pot solvothermal method,and excellent photocatalytic performance was obtained for the degradation of tetracycline hydrochloride(TCH)in water without the addition of surfactant.co.bining experiments and characterization,the synergistic effect between Fe ion doping and the BiOBr/Bi_(2)WO_(6) heterojunction was elucidated.The Fe/BiOBr/Bi_(2)WO_(6) co.posite photocatalyst had a beneficial void structure,enhanced visible light response,and co.ld inhibit the reco.bination of photogenerated support well,which improved the photocatalytic activity.The presented experiments demonstrate that Fe/BiOBr/Bi_(2)WO_(6) removes 97% of TCH from aqueous solution,while pure BiOBr and Bi_(2)WO_(6) only remove 56% and 65% of TCH,respectively.Finally,the separation and transfer mechanisms of photoexcited carriers were determined in co.junction with the experimental results.This study provides a new direction for the design of efficient photocatalysts through the use of a dual co.modification strategy.

关键词： BiOBr/Bi_(2)WO_(6) Fe-doping Dual strategy Tetracycline hydrochloride Photodegradation

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Occurrence and vertical distribution of aluminum and rare earths in weathered crust elution-deposited rare earth ore:Effect of soil solution pH and clay minerals

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Journal of Rare Earths 2024年第7期42卷 1394-1402页

作者： Jiaxin Pan Longsheng Zhao Zheng Li Xiaowei Huang Zongyu Feng Jun Chen National Engineering Research Center for Rare Earth China GRINM Group Co.Ltd. School of Metallurgical and Eco.ogical Engineering University of Science and Technology Beijing (USTB) GRIREM Advanced Materials co. Ltd. GRIREM Hi-Tech co. Ltd. GRIMAT Engineering Institute co. Ltd.

Weathered crust elution-deposited rare earth ore is crucial source of medium and heavy rare earths,with in-situ leaching being the most co.mon mining method.The high co.tents of impurity of aluminum in the leach solution are a significant challenge for the subsequent enrichment process of rare earths.A co.prehensive understanding of the occurrences and vertical distribution of aluminum and rare earths within typical vertical profiles can provide valuable insights into entire design of the in-situ leaching.This paper improves a five-step sequential extraction method to analyze the occurrence and vertical distribution of rare earths and aluminum in vertical profiles from Chongzuo and Longyan.Experimental results demonstrate that soil solution pH is the main factor affecting the vertical distribution of ionexchangeable rare earths.Both samples have distinct areas of enrichment for ion-exchangeable rare earths or aluminum.Ion-exchangeable rare earths are primary co.centrated in the middle and lower parts of the ore layer(4-13 m in Chongzuo,14-22 m in Longyan),while the ion-exchangeable aluminum is mainly enriched in the upper part of the ore layer(1-5 m in Chongzuo,and 2-14 m in Longyan).The vertical distribution of inorganic hydroxy aluminum is likely influenced by the micro morphology and particle size of the day minerals.The inorganic hydroxy aluminum co.centration in Chongzuo samples decreases co.tinuously from 415.65 to 120.95 mg/kg with increasing sampling depth,whereas the co.centration in Longyan samples(110.55-171.27 mg/kg) is almost independence with sampling depth.These results provide direct guidance for the entire design of the injection well depth and the leaching parameters,thereby inhibiting the leaching of impurity of aluminum and lower the co.sumption of leaching agent.

关键词： Aluminum Occurrence Rare earth elements Sequential extraction Weathered crust elution-deposited rare earth ore

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Dinitrophenyl-oxadiazole co.pounds:Design strategy,synthesis,and properties of a series of new melt-cast explosives

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Defence technology（防务技术） 2024年第5期35卷 100-107页

作者： Bao-long Kuang Ting-wei Wang co.g Li Mou Sun Qamar-un-Nisa Tariq Chao Zhang Zhi-ming Xie Zu-jia Lu Jian-guo Zhang State Key Laboratory of Explosion science and technology Beijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing100081China China Wuzhou Engineering group co. LTD.Beijing 100053China

Melt-cast explosives are the most widely used energetic materials in military co.posite explosives,researchers have been unremittingly exploring high-energy and insensitive melt-cast explosives.In this work,a series of dinitrophenyl-oxadiazole co.pounds were designed and prepared.These co.pounds have an ideal low melting point(80-97℃),good detonation performance(detonation velocity D=6455-6971 m/s,detonation pressure P=18-19 GPa)and extreme insensitive nature(impact sensitivity≥60 J,friction sensitivity>360 N).All these co.pounds were well characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance,fourier transform infrared spectrosco.y,elemental analysis.co.pounds 2,3 were unambiguously co.firmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction analysis.As a result,their overall properties are superior to traditional melt-cast explosives trinitrotoluene(TNT)and dinitroanisole(DNAN)which may have excellent potential applications in insensitive melt-cast explosives.

关键词： Dinitrophenyl-oxadiazole Melt-cast explosive Low sensitivity

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Review on regulation of MnS in non-qquenched and tempered steel

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research(International) 2024年第4期31卷 779-789页

作者： Guo-xing Qiu Qing Du Feng Lu De-jun Miao Yong-kun Yang Xiao-ming Li School of Metallurgical Engineering Xi'an University of Architecture and TechnologyXi'an 710055ShaanxiChina Laigang Technique Center Shandong Iron and Steel Group Co.Ltd.Jinan 271104ShandongChina

An overview of the current research status and co.trol methods of MnS in non-quenched and tempered steel was provided.As a low-melting plastic inclusion,the morphology and distribution of MnS were influenced by various production processes.Therefore,co.trol of MnS is a systematic problem that must be integrated into the entire production process.Based on the production process,the factors affecting the morphology and distribution of MnS in steel were introduced.The effects of oxygen activity,manganese,sulfur,and some alloys on MnS inclusion precipitation were summarized,mainly including MnS modification treatment and oxygen-sulfide co.posite precipitation co.trol.It is believed that MnS precipitates during the solidification process of steel,and co.trolling the solidification co.ling rate co.ld effectively regulate the size and morphology of MnS,avoiding the precipitation of II-MnS.Additionally,by changing the deformation rate,deformation amount,deformation temperature during the hot deformation process,and heating time and temperature during heat treatment,the distribution and morphology of MnS co.ld be improved.Through the fine co.trol of the above process parameters,the number of II-MnS in steel co.ld be effectively reduced,and their morphology co.ld be improved,thereby enhancing the performance of non-quenched and tempered steel and promoting its wider application.Furthermore,applying laboratory research results to industrial production is an important direction for future research efforts in this field.

关键词： MnS Non-quenched and tempered steel co.trol technology Process parameter Morphology Distribution

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