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Essential Oils as an Alternative to Antibiotics to Reduce the Incidence and Severity of Necrotic Enteritis in broiler Chickens: A Short Review

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2023年第3期14卷 233-257页

作者： Makenly E. Coles brittany D. Graham Juan D. Latorre Victor M. Petrone-Garcia Xochitl Hernandez-Velasco Inkar Castellanos-Huerta Xiaolun Sun billy M. Hargis Saeed El-Ashram Awad A. Shehata Guillermo Tellez-Isaias department of Poultry Science University of Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station Fayetteville USA Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlan Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico (UNAM) Cuautitlan Izcalli Estado de Mexico Mexico departamento de medicina y Zootecnia de Aves Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia (FMVZ) UNAM Cd. de Mexico Mexico Programa de Maestría y Doctorado en Ciencias de la Producción y de la Salud Animal FMVZ UNAM Cd. de Mexico Mexico College of Life Science and Engineering Foshan University Foshan China Prophy-Institute for Applied Prophylaxis Bönen Germany

Due to the removal of antibiotic growth promoters (AGPs) and consumer pressure for antibiotic-free (AbF) or no antibiotics ever (NAE) poultry production, there is a need for sustainable alternatives to prevent disease in commercial poultry operations. Without AGPs, there has been a rise in diseases that were traditionally controlled by subtherapeutic levels of antibiotics in the diet. This has impacted the health of commercial poultry and has been a significant cost to poultry producers. To mitigate this, the industry has started to investigate alternatives to antibiotics to treat these forthcoming health issues, such as necrotic enteritis (NE). NE is an enteric disease caused by an over proliferation of toxigenic Clostridium perfringens (CP) in the gastrointestinal tract. Although CP is a commensal in the avian intestinal tract, dysbiosis caused by inflammation and impaired intestinal integrity facilitates uncontrolled replication of CP. Infectious agents, such as Eimeria maxima, appear to be a predominant predisposing factor that promotes NE. However, non-infectious stressors, including dietary changes, have also been associated with NE to some degree. As a result of increased pressure to restrict the use of antibiotics, there is a need for research evaluating the efficacy of alternatives, such as plant-derived essential oils, as potential tools to mitigate NE in commercial poultry flocks. The aim of this study is to review the effects of essential oils as an alternative to antibiotics to reduce the incidence and severity of necrotic enteritis in broiler chickens.

关键词： Necrotic Enteritis Essential Oils Chickens Clostridium perfringens Alternatives to Antibiotics

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基于局部因素和全身因素对急性胰腺炎严重程度的新分级——概要与解读

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浙江医学 2014年第5期36卷 831-832,874页

作者：李维勤张璐瑶黎介寿 E.Patchen dellinger Christopher E.Forsmark Peter Layer Philippe L'evy Enrique Maravi-Poma Maxim S.Petrov Tooru Shimosegawa Ajith K.Siriwardena Generoso Uomo David C.Whitcomb John A.Windsor 南京军区南京总医院(南京大学医学院临床学院)普通外科研究所 210002 department of Surgery University of Washington School of Medicine Division of Gastroenterology Hepatologyand NutritionUniversity of Florida School of Medicine department of Internal Medicine Israelitic Hospital Poledes Maladies del'Appareil Digestif Service de Gastroent'erologie-Pancr'eatologieHospital Beaujon servicio de medicina internsiva b Complejo Hospitalario de NavarraPamplona department of Surgery The University of Auckland Division of Gastroenterology Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine department of Surgery Manchester Royal InfirmaryUniversity of Manchester department of Internal Medicine Cardarelli Hospital Division of Gastroenterology Hepatology and NutritionDepartment of MedicineDepartment of Cell Biology and Molecular Physiologyand Department of Human GeneticsUniversity of Pittsburgh

急性胰腺炎严重程度的准确分级对于临床实践和研究十分重要。在临床实践中，准确的分型有助于正确地评估疾病的严重程度，监测疾病的发展，制定治疗策略。而临床研究中，准确的分型对于患者的正确入组、实验结果的有效性都有很大影响。... 详细信息

急性胰腺炎严重程度的准确分级对于临床实践和研究十分重要。在临床实践中，准确的分型有助于正确地评估疾病的严重程度，监测疾病的发展，制定治疗策略。而临床研究中，准确的分型对于患者的正确入组、实验结果的有效性都有很大影响。一个多世纪以来，急性胰腺炎的严重程度被简单地分为轻型和重型，而且对于轻型和重型的定义尚未统一。近年来，研究发现重型胰腺炎又有不同的亚组，而不同亚组患者的预后有很大差异，轻型和重型二分法的局限性慢慢显现。

关键词：急性胰腺炎全身因素局部因素重型胰腺炎解读临床实践临床研究实验结果

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Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma in the terminal ileum:A case report

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 2022年第3期14卷 176-182页

作者： Vitor Lauar Pimenta de Figueiredo Igor braga Ribeiro Diogo Turiani Hourneaux de Moura Cristiano Claudino Oliveira Eduardo Guimarães Hourneaux de Moura Faculdade de medicina Universidade de Sao PauloSão Paulo 05403-010Brazil Unidade Morumbi-Rede D`Or Hospital São LuizSão Paulo 05605-050Brazil departamento de Gastroenterologia Faculdade de MedicinaUniversidade de Sao PauloServiço de Endoscopia Gastrointestinal do Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSPSão Paulo 05403-000Brazil

bACKGROUND The lymphoma of the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue(MALT)is predominantly found in the *** few cases reported in the literature of MALT lymphomas affecting the ileum are in patients who are already symptomatic and with clear advanced endoscopic *** present the first case of an asymptomatic female patient who underwent colonoscopy as a routine examination with the findings of an ulcer in the distal ileum region,which histopathological examination and associated immunohistochemistry revealed the diagnosis of MALT *** SUMMARY A 57-year-old asymptomatic female patient underwent a colonoscopy exam for *** examination revealed an ulcer of medium depth with well-defined borders covered by a thin layer of fibrin and a halo of hyperemia in the distal ileum *** are nonspecific but may signal infections by viruses,protozoa,and parasites or inflammatory diseases such as Crohn's *** of the ulcer were *** anatomopathological result revealed an atypical diffuse lymphocytic infiltrate of small cells with a characteristic cytoplasmic halo of marginal zone *** immunohistochemical study was performed and the results demonstrated a negative neoplastic infiltrate for the expression of cyclin D1 and cytokeratin AE1/AE3 and a positive for bCL60 in the germinal *** test also revealed CD10 positivity in the glandular epithelium and germinal center of a reactive follicle with dual-labeling of CD20 and CD3 demonstrating the b lymphocyte nature of the neoplastic *** bCL2 protein labeling,the neoplastic infiltrate is strongly positive with a negative germinal *** findings are consistent with immunophenotype b non-Hodgkin's lymphoma,better classified as extranodal *** patient was treated with chemotherapy and showed complete regression of the disease,as evidenced by colonoscopy performed after *** MALT lymphomas in the terminal ileum are extremely rare and only 4 c

关键词： Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma Ileum Colonoscopy Diagnosis biopsy Case report

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Impact of co-infections with enteric pathogens on children suffering from acute diarrhea in southwest China

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2016年第1期5卷 534-546页

作者： Shun-Xian Zhang Yong-Ming Zhou Wen Xu Li-Guang Tian Jia-Xu Chen Shao-Hong Chen Zhi-Sheng Dang Wen-Peng Gu Jian-Wen Yin Emmanuel Serrano Xiao-Nong Zhou National Institute of Parasitic Diseases Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionShanghai 200025People’s Republic of China Key Laboratory for Parasite and Vector biology Ministry of Health of ChinaWHO Collaborating Center for Tropical DiseasesNational Center for International Research on Tropical DiseasesShanghai 200025People’s Republic of China Yunnan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention KunmingPeople’s Republic of China Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies Departamento de BiologíaUniversidade de AveiroAveiroPortugal Servei d’Ecopatologia de Fauna Salvatge Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia AnimalsUniversitat Autònoma de BarcelonaBellaterraSpain

background:Acute diarrhea is a global health problem,resulting in high morbidity and mortality in *** has been suggested that enteric pathogen co-infections play an important role in gastroenteritis,but most research efforts have only focused on a small range of species belonging to a few pathogen *** study aimed to assess the impact of co-infections with a broad range of enteric pathogens on children aged below five years who suffer from acute diarrhea in southwest ***:A total of 1020 subjects(850 diarrhea cases and 170 healthy controls)were selected from four sentinel hospitals in Kunming,Yunnan province,southwest China,from June 2014 to July *** specimens were collected to detect five virus(rotavirus group A,RVA;norovirus,NoV;Sapovirus,SaV;astrovirus,As;and adenovirus,Ad),seven bacterial(diarrheagenic Escherichia coli,deC;non-typhoidal Salmonella,NTS;Shigella spp.;Vibrio cholera;Vibrio parahaemolyticus;Aeromonas spp.;and Plesiomonas spp.),and three protozoan(Cryptosporidium spp.,Giardia lamblia,and blastocystis hominis,***)species using standard microbiologic and molecular *** were analyzed using the partial least square regression technique and chi-square ***:At least one enteric pathogen was detected in 46.7%(n=397)of acute gastroenteritis cases and 13.5%(n=23)of healthy controls(χ^(2)=64.4,Pbacterial species were not *** prevalence of co-infections with two enteric pathogens in diarrhea cases was higher than in asymptomatic children(20.1%vs.5.3%,P<0.05).RVA-NoV GII was the most common co-infection in symptomatic children(4.4%),with it aggravating the

关键词： Co-infection Diarrhea bacteria Virus Intestinal protozoa Children Severity Kunming Yunnan China

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Sex and season explain spleen weight variation in the Egyptian mongoose

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Current Zoology 2019年第1期65卷 11-20页

作者： Victor bANdeIRA Emilio Virgos Alexandre AZEVEDO Joao Carvalho Monica V. CUNHA Carlos Fonseca Dartment of biology Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar (CESAM) University of Aveiro Campus Universitario de Santiago Aveiro 3810-193 Portugal departamento de biologia Geologia Fisica y Qufmica Inorganica Area Biodiversidad y Conservacion Escuela Superior de Ciencias Experimentales y Tecnologia (ESCET) Universidad Rey Juan Carlos c/Tulipan s/n Mostoles Madrid E-28933 Spain Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research Alfred-Kowalke-Straβe 17 Berlin 10315 Germany Instituto de Ciencias biomedicas Abel Salazar R. Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira 228 Porto 4050-313 Portugal Instituto Nacional de Investigaqao Agraria e Veterinaria (INIAV) IP-National Institute for Agrarian and Veterinary Research Rua dos Lagidos Lugar da Madalena Vairao 4485-655 Portugal cE3c-Centre for Ecology Evolution and Environmental Changes Faculdade de Ciencias Universidade de Lisboa Lisboa 1749-016 Portugal biolSI-biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute Faculdade de Ciencias Universidade de Lisboa Lisboa 1749-016 Portugal Wildlife Ecology & Health group (WE&H) and Servei d'Ecopatologia de Fauna Salvatge (SEFaS) Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona 08193-Bellaterra Barcelona Spain

The Egyptia n mon goose (Herpestes ichneumon Linn aeus, 1758) is a medium-sized car nivore that experienced remarkable geographic expansion over the last 3 decades in the Iberian Peninsula. In this study, we investigated the association of species-related and abiotic factors with spleen weight (as a proxy for immunocompete nee) in the species. We assessed the relationship of body con dition, sex, age, seas on, and envir onmental conditi ons with splee n weight established for 508 hunted specimens. Our results indicate that the effects of sex and season outweigh those of all other variables, including body condition. Spleen weight is higher in males than in females, and heavier spleens are more likely to be found in spring, coinciding with the highest period of investment in reproduction due to mating, gestation, birth, and lactation. Coupled with the absence of an effect of body condition, our findi ngs suggest that splee n weight variation in this species is mostly influe need by lifehistory traits linked to reproduction, rather than overall energy availability, winter immunoenhancement, or energy partitioning effects, and prompt further research focusing on this topic.

关键词： body condition carnivore Herpestes ichneumon Iberian Peninsula mongoose spleen weight

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Hepatic encephalopathy:Lessons from preclinical studies

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World Journal of Hepatology 2019年第2期11卷 173-185页

作者： Luiza Cioglia Dias Lima Aline Silva Miranda Rodrigo Novaes Ferreira Milene Alvarenga Rachid Ana Cristina Sim?es e Silva departamento de Patologia Geral Instituto de Ciências BiológicasUniversidade Federal de Minas Gerais(UFMG) departamento de Morfologia Instituto de Ciências BiológicasUFMG Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Investiga??o Médica Faculdade de MedicinaUFMG

Hepatic encephalopathy(HE) is a major complication that is closely related to the progression of end-stage liver *** changes in advanced liver failure can promote cognition impairment,attention deficits and motor dysfunction that may result in coma and *** can be subdivided according to the type of hepatic injury,namely,type A,which results from acute liver failure,type b,which is associated with a portosystemic shunting without intrinsic liver disease,and type C,which is due to chronic liver *** studies have investigated the pathogenesis of the disease,and most of the mechanisms have been explored using animal *** article aimed to review the use of preclinical models to investigate *** most used animal species are rats and *** models of type A HE include surgical procedures and the administration of hepatotoxic medications,whereas models of types b and C HE are generally surgically induced lesions in liver tissue,which evolve to hepatic *** models have allowed the comprehension of the pathways related to HE.

关键词： Hepatic encephalopathy Acute liver failure Preclinical studies Hepatic cirrhosis Neuroinflammation Hyperammonemia

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Plasma Accumulations of Vitamin b6 from an Oral Dose in a New Reversible Model for Mouse Gut Injury and Regeneration

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2013年第9期4卷 908-917页

作者： Pilar Jiménez Damián Cordoba-Diaz Patricia Cabrero Mónica Aracil Manuel J. Gayoso Manuel Garrosa Manuel Cordoba-Diaz Tomás Girbés biología Celular Histología y Farmacología Facultad de Medicina and INCYL (Instituto de Neurociencias de Castilla y León) Universidad de Valladolid Valladolid Spain. Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica Facultad de Farmacia and IUFI (Instituto Universitario de Farmacia Industrial) Universidad Complutense de Madrid Madrid Spain Nutrición y bromatología Facultad de Medicina and CINAD (Centro de Investigación en Nutrición Alimentación y Dietética- Edificio LUCIA-Parque Científico) Universidad de Valladolid Valladolid Spain

Chemically based rodent models are used to assess the positive effects promoted by foods and gut microbiota on gut health. Lectins with enzymatic activity, such as type 2 ribosome-inactivating proteins, might also prove useful for exploring these issues. Sub-lethal doses of the lectin nigrin from Sambucus nigra L. to mice promoted reversible derangement of gut epithelium by induction of apoptosis of transit amplifying cells of the small intestine crypts in a time-dependent course. The present work seeks to study vitamin b6 accumulation in plasma from an oral bolus in a mouse nigrin model. 24 h after sub-lethal nigrin b treatment, there was clear body weight reduction associated to a notable increase in Evan’s blue stain accumulation in excised small intestine, an increase in myeloperoxidase activity, and a near 50% reduction in plasma accumulation of vitamin b6. Histological analysis of small intestine sections of nigrin b-treated animals also revealed significant derangement of intestinal crypts. Seventy two hours after nigrin b treatment, stain uptake decreased and vitamin b6 accumulation was almost restored despite villi derangement. Large intestine crypts were scarcely or not at all affected. Eight days after nigrin b treatment, vitamin b6 uptake and intestinal crypt structure had fully recovered. The nigrin b mice model supports the view that, under these conditions, the carrier-mediated vitamin b6 uptake component of the small intestine crypts is probably the most active when the vitamin is administered orally as a bolus. The findings provide insights into the suitability of the present mice model for nutritional or drug absorption studies in conditions of partially altered or injured intestinal mucosa.

关键词： Vitamin b6 Nigrin b Ribosome-Inactivating Protein Sambucus Ricin Intestines Mice Model

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Concentrated Extract of Green Tea Polyphenols Enhances the Toxicity of the Elderberry Lectin Nigrin b to Mice

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2014年第5期5卷 466-471页

作者： Pilar Jiménez Patricia Cabrero Jesús Tejero Manuel J. Gayoso Manuel Garrosa Damián Cordoba-Diaz Manuel Cordoba-Diaz Tomás Girbés biología Celular Histología y Farmacología Facul- tad de Medicina and INCYL (Instituto de Neurociencias de Castilla y León) Universidad de Valladolid Valladolid Spain Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica Facultad de Farmacia and IUFI (Instituto Universitario de Farmacia Industrial) Universidad Complu- tense de Madrid Madrid Spain Nutrición y bromatología Facultad de Medicina and CINAD (Centro de Investigación en Nutrición Alimentación y Dietética Edi- ficio LUCIA-Parque Científico) Universidad de Valladolid Valladolid Spain Nutrición y bromatología Facultad de Medicina and CINAD (Centro de Investigación en Nutrición Alimentación y Dietética Edi- ficio LUCIA-Parque Científico) Universidad de Valladolid Valladolid Spain

The effect of the administration of large amounts of green tea polyphenols is a matter of controversy. We explored whether a polyphenol mixture from a concentrated green tea extract (Polyphenon 60) could alter the effects on mice of the type 2 (two chains) ribosome-inactivating protein nigrin b isolated from Sambucus nigra L. Nigrin b triggers specific reversible toxic effects on the mouse intestines featured by apoptosis of mice Lieberkühn crypt cells upon parenteral administration of sub-lethal amounts. Independent administration to mice of 30 mg/kg body weight of Polyphenon 60 by oral gavage or 10 mg/kg body weight of nigrin b administered via the intraperitoneal route (i.p.) did not affect survival. In contrast, the simultaneous treatment greatly enhanced nigrin b toxicity leading to the death of some animals. The histological analysis revealed that the most serious injury was inflicted on the small intestine crypts, which disappeared, and on the liver, which evidenced hepatotoxicity showing haemorrhagic areas. These findings raise concerns about the abuse of high concentrations of green tea polyphenols especially when the intestinal mucosa is damaged, for instance by toxins or therapeutic drugs.

关键词： Green Tea Polyphenols Nigrin b Model Ribosome-Inactivating Protein Lectin Small Intestine Liver Apoptosis

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Usefulness of the CONUT index upon hospital admission as a potential prognostic indicator of COVID-19 health outcomes

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Chinese Medical Journal 2022年第2期135卷 187-193页

作者： Adrian K.bengelloun Guillermo J.Ortega Julio Ancochea Ancor Sanz-Garcia Diego A.Rodriguez-Serrano Guillermo Fernandez-Jimenez Rosa Giron Elena Avalos Joan b.Soriano J.Ignacio de Ulibarri Facultad de medicina Universidad Autónoma de MadridMadridSpain Unidad de Análisis de Datos Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital de la PrincesaMadridSpain servicios de Neumología Admisión y Documentación ClínicaCuidados Intensivos y Nutrición y DietéticaHospital Universitario de La PrincesaMadridSpain Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias(CIbERES) Instituto de Salud Carlos III(ISCIII)MadridEspañaSpain

background:In-hospital mortality in patients with coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)is *** prognostic indices are needed to identify patients at high-risk of COVID-19 health *** aimed to determine the usefulness of the CONtrolling NUTritional status(CONUT)index as a potential prognostic indicator of mortality in COVID-19 patients upon hospital ***:Our study design is of a retrospective observational study in a large cohort of COVID-19 *** addition to descriptive statistics,a Kaplan-Meier mortality analysis and a Cox regression were performed,as well as receiver operating curve(ROC).Results:From February 5,2020 to January 21,2021,there was a total of 2969 admissions for COVID-19 at our hospital,corresponding to 2844 ***,baseline(within 4 days of admission)CONUT index could be scored for 1627(57.2%)***’age was 67.3±16.5 years and 44.9%were *** CONUT severity distribution was:194(11.9%)normal(0-1);769(47.2%)light(2-4);585(35.9%)moderate(5-8);and 79(4.9%)severe(9-12).Mortality of 30 days after admission was 3.1%in patients with normal risk CONUT,9.0%light,22.7%moderate,and 40.5%in those with severe CONUT(Pdeath associated with a greater baseline CONUT stage was sustained in a multivariable Cox regression model(Pbaseline CONUT stage was associated with a longer duration of admission,a greater requirement for the use of non-invasive and invasive mechanical ventilation,and other clinical outcomes(all Pder the curve(AUC)and 95%confidence interval of 0.711(0.676-0746).Conclusion:The CONUT index upon admission is potentially a reliable and independent prognostic indicator of mortality and length of hospitalization in COVID-19 patients.

关键词： Admission Clinical risk CONUT COVID-19 Prognosis Score

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Reasons for Prophylactic Mastectomy in Women Carrying bRCA 1/2 Mutation: A Systematic Literature Review

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Advances in breast Cancer Research 2013年第3期2卷 97-105页

作者： Manuel Machado Sofia braga departamento de Ciencias biomedicas e medicina da Universidade do AlgarvePr.Herois da FundacaoGuimaraesPortugal

Although the majority of breast cancers are sporadic, it is estimated that between 5% and 10% of cases are hereditary and mostly associated with bRCA 1 and bRCA 2 mutations. Women with bRCA 1 or bRCA 2 mutation present up to 95% increased risk of breast cancer and are advised to take preventive measures. Surveillance, chemoprevention and prophylactic surgery (mastectomy and oophorectomy) are risk-reducing strategies. This literature review aims to respond to two major questions: 1) to what extent is the decision-making for prophylactic mastectomy in women with the bRCA mutation a more relevant option than other strategies, and 2) what are the major factors influencing the decision for mastectomy? For this purpose, 27 published articles were reviewed. Results show: a) the decision for mastectomy is more frequent in women carrying bRCA 1/2 mutation than in non-carriers;mastectomy being less frequent than oophorectomy;b) the decision-making is significantly associated with bRCA mutation, parity, age and family history;c) reasons underlying women decision-making relate to anxiety toward the risk of cancer, concerns with surgery, body-image and sexuality. It is discussed that, due to the complexity of the decision-making process, these cases require a careful and meticulous approach regarding information provided, and in addressing concerns.

关键词： bRCA 1 bRCA 2 Prophylactic Mastectomy decision Making

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