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effectiveness of post-COVID-19 primary care attendance in improving survival in very old patients with multimorbidity:a territory-wide target trial emulation

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Family medicine and Community health 2024年第3期12卷 25-35页

作者： Cuiling Wei Vincent Ka Chun Yan Camille Maringe Wenxin Tian Rachel Yui Ki Chu Wenlong Liu Boyan Liu Yuqi Hu Lingyue Zhou Celine Sze Ling Chui Xue Li eric Yuk Fai Wan Ching Lung Cheung esther Wai Yin Chan William Chi Wai Wong Ian Chi Kei Wong Francisco Tsz Tsun Lai Centre for Safe Medication Practice and Research Department of Pharmacology and PharmacyLi Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong KongHong Kong department of health Services Research and policy Faculty of Public Health and PolicyLondon School of Hygiene and Tropical MedicineLondonUK school of Nursing Li Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong KongHong Kong school of public health Li Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong KongHong Kong Laboratory of Data Discovery for health(D24H) Hong KongHong Kong Advanced Data Analytics for Medical Science(ADAMS)Limited Hong KongHong Kong department of medicine School of Clinical MedicineLi Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong KongHong Kong department of Family medicine and Primary Care School of Clinical MedicineLi Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong KongHong Kong department of Pharmacy The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen HospitalShenzhenPeople's Republic of China Aston Pharmacy school Aston UniversityBirminghamUK school of Pharmacy Macao University of Science and TechnologyTaipaMacao

Objectives Older individuals with multimorbidity are at an elevated risk of infection and complications from *** of post-COVID-19 interventions or care models in reducing subsequent adverse outcomes in these individuals have rarely been *** study aims to examine the effectiveness of attending general outpatient within 30 days after discharge from COVID-19 on 1-year survival among older adults aged 85 years or above with *** Retrospective cohort study emulating a randomised target trial using electronic health *** We used data from the Hospital Authority and the department of health in Hong Kong,which provided comprehensive electronic health records,COVID-19 confirmed case data,population-based vaccination records and other individual characteristics for the *** Adults aged 85 years or above with multimorbidity who were discharged after hospitalisation for COVID-19 between January 2020 and August *** Attending a general outpatient within 30 days of last COVID-19 discharge defined the exposure,compared to no outpatient *** outcome measures Primary outcome was all-cause mortality within one *** outcomes included mortality from respiratory,cardiovascular and cancer *** A total of 6183 eligible COVID-19 survivors were included in the *** all-cause mortality rate following COVID-19 hospitalisation was lower in the general outpatient visit group(17.1 deaths per 100 person-year)compared with non-visit group(42.8 deaths per 100 person-year).After adjustment,primary care consultations within 30 days after discharge were associated with a significantly greater 1-year survival(difference in 1-year survival:11.2%,95%CI 8.1%to 14.4%).We also observed significantly better survival from respiratory diseases in the general outpatient visit group(difference in 1-year survival:6.3%,95%CI 3.5%to 8.9%).In a sensitivity analysis for different grace period lengths

关键词： morbidity visit records

Association of obesity with hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus in India:A meta-analysis of observational studies

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World Journal of Diabetes 2018年第1期9卷 40-52页

作者： Giridhara R Babu GVS Murthy Yamuna Ana Prital Patel R Deepa Sara e Benjamin-Neelon Sanjay Kinra K Srinath Reddy public health Foundation of India IIPH-HBangalore CampusSIHFW PremisesBeside Leprosy HospitalBangalore 560023India Indian Institute of public health-Hyderabad Plot#1A.N.V.ArcadeAmar Co-op SocietyKavuri HillsMadhapurHyderabad 500033India london school of hygiene and tropical medicine London WC1E 7HTUnited Kingdom Indian school of Business Hyderabad 500111India Johns Hopkins Bloomberg school of public health BaltimoreMD 21205United States department of Non-Communicable Disease epidemiology London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine and University College London HospitalLondon WC1E 7HTUnited Kingdom public health Foundation of India ISID Campus4 Institutional Area Vasant KunjNew Delhi 110070India

AIM To perform a meta-analysis of the association of obesity with hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM) in India among adults. MeTHODS To conduct meta-analysis, we performed comprehensive, electronic literature search in the PubM ed, CINAHL Plus, and Google Scholar. We restricted the analysis to studies with documentation of some measure of obesity namely; body mass index, waist-hip ratio, waist circumference and diagnosis of hypertension or diagnosis of T2DM. By obtaining summary estimates of all included studies, the meta-analysis was performed using both RevM an version 5 and "metan" command STATA version 11. Heterogeneity was measured by I^2 statistic. Funnel plot analysis has been done to assess the study publication *** Of the 956 studies screened, 18 met the eligibility criteria. The pooled odds ratio between obesity and hypertension was 3.82(95%CI: 3.39 to 4.25). The heterogeneity around this estimate(I^2 statistic) was 0%, indicating low variability. The pooled odds ratio from the included studies showed a statistically significant association between obesity and T2DM(OR = 1.14, 95%CI: 1.04 to 1.24) with a high degree of *** Despite methodological differences, obesity showed significant, potentially plausible association with hypertension and T2DM in studies conducted in India. Being a modifiable risk factor, our study informs setting policy priority and intervention efforts to prevent debilitating complications.

关键词： Obesity Meta-analysis Hypertension Type 2 diabetes mellitus

Using Genetic Testing at Cancer Diagnosis for Breast Cancer Control

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China CDC weekly 2022年第32期4卷 711-714页

作者： Li Sun Xia Wei Ranjit Manchanda Rosa Legood Li Yang department of health Services Research and policy Faculty of Public Health and PolicyLondon School of Hygiene and Tropical MedicineLondonUK Wolfson Institute of Population health Barts CRUK Cancer CentreQueen Mary University of LondonLondonUK department of Gynaecological Oncology Barts Health NHS TrustLondonUK school of public health Peking UniversityBeijingChina

BACKGROUND Breast cancer(BC)is the most common cancer among women *** WHO estimates 416,000 women are diagnosed to have BC annually in China,and the numbers of BC cases and deaths in China are predicted to rise by 16%and 48%,respectively,over the next 20 years(1).BC can be hereditary,and the most common cause of hereditary BC is an inherited pathogenic or likely pathogenic variant(henceforth called‘pathogenic variant’or‘PV’)in the BRCA1 or BRCA2 ***1/BRCA2 PV carriers have a 17%–44%risk of developing ovarian cancer(OC)and a 69%–72%risk of developing BC up to the age of 80(2).PALB2 is a more recently established,highpenetrance BC gene:testing for which is now more widely ***2 carriers have a 53%risk of BC up to the age of 80(3).In addition,PALB2 has recently been shown to be a moderate-risk OC gene with a 5%lifetime risk of OC(3).PV in these three genes accounts for around 4%of *** of these cancers are preventable or can be better mitigated if they are detected earlier.

关键词： Breast annually hereditary

结核病规划应采购二线药治疗耐多药结核病吗?

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国际结核病与肺部疾病杂志 2002年第4期 161-162页

作者：邹级谦 RICHARD COKeR MSC MD senior lecturer department of public health and policy london school of hygiene and tropical medicine keppel street london wc1e 7ht uk

在本刊2001年12月的一期中,Gupta等曾经提出在结核病规划中是否应采购二线药治疗耐多药结核病(MDR—TB)的问题。他们的论文是在“***”(***)网上引发的一场争论后产生的。

关键词：二线 TB MDR 结核病耐多药规划长远计划

Towards an actionable One health approach

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贫困所致传染病(英文) 2024年第2期13卷 1-6页

作者： Zhang Xiao-Xi Lederman Zohar Han Le-Fei Schurer Janna M. Xiao Li-Hua Zhang Zhi-Bing Chen Qiu-Lan Pfeiffer Dirk Ward Michael P. Sripa Banchob Gabri?l Sarah Dhama Kuldeep Acharya Krishna Prasad Robertson Lucy J. Deem Sharon L. Aenishaenslin Cécile Dantas-Torres Filipe Otranto Domenico Grace Delia Wang Yang Li Peng Fu Chao Poeta Patrícia Rahman Md. Tanvir Kassegne Kokouvi Zhu Yong-Zhang Yin Kun Liu Jiming Wang Zhao-Jun Guo Xiao-Kui Gong Wen-Feng Schwartl?nder Bernhard Ren Ming-Hui Zhou Xiao-Nong school of Global health Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai People’s Republic of China Institute of One health Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai People’s Republic of China Medical ethics and Humanities Unit Hong Kong University Hong Kong People’s Republic of China Center for One health University of Global Health Equity Butaro Rwanda College of Veterinary medicine South China Agricultural University Guangzhou People’s Republic of China school of ecology and environment Hainan University Haikou Hainan People’s Republic of China Branch of animal and vector-borne diseases Division of Infectious Disease Control Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention Beijing People’s Republic of China Centre for Applied One health Research and policy Advice Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences City University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR People’s Republic of China department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences Royal Veterinary College London United Kingdom Sydney school of Veterinary Science The University of Sydney Camden Australia tropical Disease Research Center Department of Tropical Medicine Faculty of Medicine Khon Kaen University Khon Kaen Thailand Laboratory of foodborne parasitic zoonoses Department of translational physiology infectiology and public health Chair Faculty Committee on Internationalisation Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Ghent University Merelbeke Belgium Division of Pathology ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI) Bareilly Uttar Pradesh India department of Livestock Services Animal Quarantine Office-Kathmandu Budhanilkantha Kathmandu Nepal Parasitology Department of Paraclinical Sciences Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Norwegian University of Life Sciences ?s Norway One Government Drive Saint Louis Zoo Institute for Conservation Medicine St. Louis USA Groupe de Recherche en épidémi

Background Despite the increasing focus on strengthening One health capacity building on global level, challenges remain in devising and implementing real-world interventions particularly in the Asia-Pacific region. Recognizing these gaps, the One health Action Commission (OHAC) was established as an academic community for One health action with an emphasis on research agenda setting to identify actions for highest *** text This viewpoint describes the agenda of, and motivation for, the recently formed OHAC. Recognizing the urgent need for evidence to support the formulation of necessary action plans, OHAC advocates the adoption of both bottom-up and top-down approaches to identify the current gaps in combating zoonoses, antimicrobial resistance, addressing food safety, and to enhance capacity building for context-sensitive One health *** By promoting broader engagement and connection of multidisciplinary stakeholders, OHAC envisions a collaborative global platform for the generation of innovative One health knowledge, distilled practical experience and actionable policy advice, guided by strong ethical principles of One health.

关键词： One health Global health One health Action Commission Research agenda

The economic burden of influenza-associated outpatient visits and hospitalizations in China: a retrospective survey

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2015年第1期4卷 371-381页

作者： Juan Yang Mark Jit Kathy S.Leung Ya-ming Zheng Lu-zhao Feng Li-ping Wang eric H.Y.Lau Joseph T.Wu Hong-jie Yu Key Laboratory of Surveillance and early-warning on Infectious Disease Division of Infectious DiseaseChinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention155 Changbai RoadChangping DistrictBeijing 102206China Modelling and economics Unit of public health in england LondonUK department of Infectious Disease epidemiology London School of Hygiene and Tropical MedicineLondonUK WHO Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease epidemiology and Control School of Public HealthLi Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong Kong2/F North WingPatrick Manson Building7 Sassoon RoadPok Fu LamHong Kong Special Administrative RegionChina

Background:The seasonal influenza vaccine coverage rate in China is only 1.9%.There is no information available on the economic burden of influenza-associated outpatient visits and hospitalizations at the national level,even though this kind of information is important for informing national-level immunization policy ***:A retrospective telephone survey was conducted in 2013/14 to estimate the direct and indirect costs of seasonal influenza-associated outpatient visits and hospitalizations from a societal *** participants were laboratory-confirmed cases registered in the National Influenza-like Illness Surveillance Network and Severe Acute Respiratory Infections Sentinel Surveillance Network in China in ***-reported costs from the survey were validated by a review of hospital accounts for a small sample of the ***:The study enrolled 529 outpatients(median age:eight years;interquartile range[IQR]:five to 20 years)and 254 inpatients(median age:four years;IQR:two to seven years).Among the outpatients,22.1%(117/529)had underlying diseases and among the inpatients,52.8%(134/254)had underlying *** average total costs related to influenza-associated outpatient visits and inpatient visits were US$155(standard deviation,SD US$122)and US$1,511(SD US$1,465),*** medical costs accounted for 45 and 69%of the total costs related to influenza-associated outpatient and inpatient visits,*** influenza outpatients,the mean cost per episode in children aged below five years(US$196)was higher than that in other age groups(US$129–153).For influenza inpatients,the mean cost per episode in adults aged over 60 years(US$2,735)was much higher than that in those aged below 60 years(US$1,417–1,621).Patients with underlying medical conditions had higher costs per episode than patients without underlying medical conditions(outpatients:US$186 ***$146;inpatients:US$1,800 ***$1,189).In the baseline ana

关键词： Influenza Cost analysis China

Fluctuating temperature modifies heat-mortality association around the globe

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The Innovation 2022年第2期3卷 65-72页

作者： Yao Wu Bo Wen Shanshan Li Antonio Gasparrini Shilu Tong Ala Overcenco Ales Urban Alexandra Schneider Alireza entezari Ana Maria Vicedo-Cabrera Antonella Zanobetti Antonis Analitis Ariana Zeka Aurelio Tobias Barrak Alahmad Ben Armstrong Bertil Forsberg CarmenÍñiguez Caroline Ameling César De la Cruz Valencia ChristoferÅström Danny Houthuijs Do Van Dung Dominic Royé ene Indermitte eric Lavigne Fatemeh Mayvaneh Fiorella Acquaotta Francesca de’Donato Francesco Sera Gabriel Carrasco-escobar Haidong Kan Hans Orru Ho Kim Iulian-Horia Holobaca Jan Kyselý Joana Madureira Joel Schwartz Klea Katsouyanni Magali Hurtado-Diaz Martina SRagettli Masahiro Hashizume Mathilde Pascal Micheline de Sousa Zanotti Stagliorio Coélho Noah Scovronick Paola Michelozzi Patrick Goodman Paulo Hilario Nascimento Saldiva Rosana Abrutzky Samuel Osorio Tran Ngoc Dang Valentina Colistro Veronika Huber Whanhee Lee Xerxes Seposo Yasushi Honda Michelle L.Bell Yuming Guo department of epidemiology and Preventive medicine School of Public Health and Preventive MedicineMonash UniversityMelbourne 3004Australia Climate Air Quality Research UnitSchool of Public Health and Preventive MedicineMonash UniversityMelbourne 3004Australia department of public health Environments and SocietyLondon School of Hygiene&Tropical MedicineLondon WC1E 7HTUK Centre for Statistical Methodology London School of Hygiene&Tropical MedicineLondon WC1E 7HTUK Centre on Climate Change&Planetary health London School of Hygiene&Tropical MedicineLondon WC1E 7HTUK Shanghai Children’s Medical Centre Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200025China school of public health Institute of Environment and Human HealthAnhui Medical UniversityHefei 230032China Center for Global health Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing 211166China school of public health and Social Work Queensland University of TechnologyBrisbane 4000Australia National Agency for public health of the Ministry of health Labour and Social Protection of the Republic of MoldovaChisinau MD-2009Republic of Moldova Institute of Atmospheric Physics Czech Academy of SciencesPrague 14100Czech Republic Faculty of environmental Sciences Czech University of Life SciencesPrague 16500Czech Republic Institute of epidemiology Helmholtz Zentrum M€unchen-German Research Center for Environmental HealthNeuherberg 85747Germany Faculty of Geography and environmental Sciences Hakim Sabzevari UniversitySabzevar ***Iran Institute of Social and Preventive medicine University of BernBern 3012Switzerland Oeschger Center for Climate Change Research University of BernBern 3012Switzerland department of environmental health Harvard T.H.Chan School of Public HealthHarvard UniversityBostonMA 02115USA department of hygiene Epidemiology and Medical StatisticsNational and Kapodistrian University of AthensAthens 11527Greece Institute for environment Healthand SocietiesBrunel University LondonLondon UB83PNUK Institute of environmental Assessment and

Studies have investigated the effects of heat and temperature variability(TV)on ***,few assessed whether TV modifies the heat-mortality *** on daily temperature and mortality in the warm season were collected from 717 locations across 36 *** was calculated as the standard deviation of the average of the same and previous days’minimum and maximum temperatures.

关键词： deviation modif heat

Tuberculosis infection prevention and control:why we need a whole systems approach

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2020年第3期9卷 97-100页

作者： Karina Kielmann Aaron S.Karat Gimenne Zwama Christopher Colvin Alison Swartz Anna S.Voce Tom A.Yates Hayley MacGregor Nicky McCreesh Idriss Kallon Anna Vassall Indira Govender Janet Seeley Alison D.Grant The Institute for Global health and Development Queen Margaret UniversityEdinburgh EH216UUUK TB Centre London School of Hygiene&Tropical MedicineLondonUK Division of Social and Behavioural Sciences Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of Cape TownCape TownSouth Africa Discipline public health medicine School of Nursing and Public HealthUniversity of KwaZulu-NatalDurbanSouth Africa department of Infectious Disease Faculty of MedicineImperial College LondonLondonUK The Institute of Development Studies University of SussexBrightonUK department of Global health and Development Faculty of Public Health and PolicyLondon School of Hygiene&Tropical MedicineLondonUK Africa health Research Institute School of Nursing and Public HealthUniversity of KwaZulu-NatalDurbanSouth Africa school of public health Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of the WitwatersrandJohannesburgSouth Africa

Infection prevention and control(IPC)measures to reduce transmission of drug-resistant and drug-sensitive tuberculosis(TB)in health facilities are well described but poorly *** implementation of TB IPC has been assessed primarily through quantitative and structured approaches that treat administrative,environmental,and personal protective measures as discrete *** present an on-going project entitled Umoya omuhle(“good air”),conducted in two provinces of South Africa,that adopts an interdisciplinary,‘whole systems’approach to problem analysis and intervention development for reducing nosocomial transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis(Mtb)through improved *** suggest that TB IPC represents a complex intervention that is delivered within a dynamic context shaped by policy guidelines,health facility space,infrastructure,organisation of care,and management *** drawn from epidemiology,anthropology,and health policy and systems research enable rich contextual analysis of how nosocomial Mtb transmission occurs,as well as opportunities to address the problem holistically.A‘whole systems’approach can identify leverage points within the health facility infrastructure and organisation of care that can inform the design of interventions to reduce the risk of nosocomial Mtb transmission.

关键词： Drug-resistant tuberculosis Infection prevention and control health system South Africa

Trends and Factors Associated with Changes in early Initiation of Breastfeeding: Analysis of the Tanzania Demographic and health Surveys 2004-2016

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Open Journal of epidemiology 2022年第4期12卷 505-520页

作者： Hans P. Maro Tara Mtuy Levina J. Msuya Baraka Moshi Michael J. Mahande department of epidemiology and Biostatistics Institute of Public Health Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College Moshi Tanzania Faculty of public health and policy London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine London UK department of Pediatrics and Child health Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College Moshi Tanzania department of Pediatrics and Child health Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre Moshi Tanzania

Background: Despite WHO recommendations on the benefits of early initiation of breastfeeding for both the mother and child, only 53.5% of newborns in Tanzania are breastfed within the first hour of life. The trend for early initiation of breastfeeding shows little progress and Tanzania is still far behind reaching the global recommended rate of 70% of early initiation of breastfeeding. This study aims to determine trends and factors associated with changes in the early initiation of breastfeeding in Tanzania from 2004-2016. Methodology: This was an analytical cross-sectional study utilizing secondary data from the Tanzania Demographic and health Surveys (TDHS) for the years 2004-2005, 2010, and 2015-2016. Data analysis was performed using Stata 15. Frequencies and proportions were used to summarize categorical variables. A Modified Poisson regression model was used to determine factors associated with the early initiation of breastfeeding. Multivariable Poisson decomposition analysis was used to assess factors associated with changes in the early initiation of breastfeeding across surveys. Results: Trends in early initiation of breastfeeding decreased from 59.53% in 2004/2005 to 46.72% in 2010, and then increased to 51.94% in 2015/2016. Only 5.9% of the overall change in early initiation of breastfeeding was contributed by the difference in characteristics such as mode of delivery and working status. The difference in coefficients contributed to a 94% decrease in early initiation of breastfeeding mostly due to a decrease in early initiation of breastfeeding among caesarean section delivery patients. Conclusion: The prevalence of early initiation of breastfeeding in Tanzania decreased between 2004 and 2016, then increased from 2010-2016. Interventions and health policies need to target factors that had significant effects on the early initiation of breastfeeding such as increasing health facility delivery and promoting the initiation of breastfeeding soon after caesa

关键词： early Initiation of Breastfeeding Trends Factors Associated with Changes Tanzania