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Contribution of Garcinia kola to the Productivity and Economic Profitability of the Community agricultural Area of Kedougou: Financial and Comparative Analysis of Production Factors

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Journal of agricultural Chemistry and Environment 2024年第1期13卷 54-66页

作者： Cheikh Sarr Ngor Ndour Abdoulaye Badji Ousmane Ndiaye Hamet Diadhiou Laboratory of Agroforestry and Plant Production Assane Seck University of Ziguinchor Ziguinchor Senegal Enda ECOPOP/Tambacounda Regional Office Tambacounda Senegal Laboratory of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences National High School of Agriculture Thies Senegal senegalese institute of Agriculture research Oceanographic Research Center of Dakar Thiaroye Dakar Senegal

Inland fishing predominates in the Kedougou region, which has no coastline. This type of fishing does not yet meet the local population’s demand for fish products. In response to this concern, a Community agricultural Estate housing an integrated fish farm was set up in the commune of Bandafassi, in the village of Itato. Since its creation, this production unit has been faced with the problem of sourcing high-quality, low-cost, monosex male Oreochromis niloticus fry. In order to overcome this constraint, the present research focuses on the contribution of Garcinia kola to the productivity and economic profitability of the Itato farm. The aim of the research is to assess fish production in the experimental set-up and the production costs of tilapia in a controlled environment. The comparative study of the various production factors shows disparities only in the input factor, where scenarios 2 and 3 use additional products. These are 17-α-methytestosterone for scenario 2 and Garcinia kola for scenario 3. These products significantly interfere with fish production, with a fairly high mortality rate for scenario 2 (25% for two production cycles/ cohort2 (B5, B6, B7 and B8) treated with 17-α-methytestosterone). As for scenarios 1 and 3, mortalities are 5% with or without recourse to additional products (G. kola). In addition, average fish production for the three (03) scenarios is estimated at 28687.5 kg/2 cycles. It varies from one scenario to another, i.e. 30937.5 kg/2 cycles for scenarios 1 and 3 and 24187.5 kg/2 cycles for scenario 2. It is therefore higher in scenarios 1 and 3 than in scenario 2. This difference is due to the fairly large losses of individuals in scenario 2. Furthermore, the analysis of the profit and loss accounts for tilapia production varies from one scenario to another depending on the type of farm: 476 Franc CFA for scenario 1, 610 Franc CFA for scenario 2 and 472 Franc CFA for scenario 3 (F CFA = franc of the French Colonies of Africa). The Av

关键词： Farm Typology Economic Profitability 17-α-Methytestosterone Garcinia kola Fish Farming Tilapia

Fish Assemblage and Abundance Distribution in Nanji Islands Marine Nature Reserve in Relation to Season Change

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Journal of agricultural Chemistry and Environment 2024年第1期13卷 13-32页

作者： Cheikh Sarr Cungen Yu Ousmane Ndiaye Hamet Diadhiou Ngor Ndour Laboratory of Fishery Resources Zhejiang Ocean University Zhoushan China Laboratory of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences National High School of Agriculture Thies Senegal senegalese institute of Agriculture research Oceanographic Research Center of Dakar Thiaroye Dakar Senegal Laboratory of Agroforestry and Plant Production Assane Seck University of Ziguinchor Ziguinchor Senegal

The fishing survey station located in the warm waters of the East China Sea is one of the abundant fishery resources of waters;with a large number of economic fish breeding grounds and economic juvenile feeding grounds. Several fish species according to this bottom trawl survey results which appear in the annual survey from winter to autumn give us a total of 58 species, which have appeared throughout the year. But the vast majority of species appears only in certain seasons, according to the sea fish survey and based on seasonal migratory species or species mainly small endemic species. The survey of fish is tropical and subtropical warm water species and warm temperate species, and the history of the area has several types of 397 different species. There are many reasons, in addition to recent years, human disturbance and adverse consequences of environmental changes brought about, but also with the relevant sampling methods and sampler time, the survey sampled only trawl based, from Ping yang Ocean and Fisheries Bureau, the waters are still other jobs method net, gill nets, fishing industry, etc. Survey results show that the type of fish in the summer (58 species) > spring (55 species) > winter (51 species) > autumn (42 species). The type of season was among spring to summer rose, summer to autumn decline. The survey found that in the reef area of the Nanji Islands, no one species of fish is the dominant species throughout the year (according to the dominant species, each species is dominant only in one season). From the dominant species turnover accounting for the four seasons, in winter it has 53.72% of the total biomass or annual biomass, spring it has 41.53% of the overall biomass, summer it has 31.85% and autumn it has 38.56% of total biomass. Visible, seasonal succession of dominant species of fish phenomenon is very obvious, especially in the spring and winter, summer transfers dominate species at this stage show the greatest change, but winter, the transf

关键词： Nanji Islands Species Composition Abundance Distribution Seasons

Chemical characterization of essential oil from the leaves of Callistemon viminalis(D.R.) and Melaleuca leucadendron(Linn.)

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2017年第4期7卷 347-351页

作者： Rokhaya Fall Saliou Ngom Dienaba Sall Mbacke Sembène Abdoulaye Samb Laboratory of Natural Products Department of ChemistryFaculty of Science and TechnologyCheikh Anta Diop University Center for the Development of Horticulture Senegalese Institute of Agricultural Research Laboratory of Entomology Department of Animal BiologyFaculty of Science and TechnologyCheikh Anta Diop University

Objective: To isolate and identify the compounds in the essential oils from the leaves of Callistemon viminalis(D.R.) and Melaleuca leucadendron(Linn.) collected in Dakar,***: The essential oils from the leaves of these two myrtaceaes were extracted by steam distillation and analyzed by gas chromatograph and gas chromatography–mass ***: A total of 34 constituents were identified in the oil of Callistemon viminalis and the major compounds were 1.8-cineole(58.12%), limonene(9.72%), a-terpineol(9.56%),geranial(6.02%), d-elemene(3.53%), myrcene(2.96%) and a-pinene(2.49%).For the essential oil of Melaleuca leucadendron, 43 constituents were identified, and 1.8-cineole(28.87%), epiglobulol(23.06%), a-pinene(12.22%), limonene(11.65%) and a-terpineol(7.06%) were major ***: Considering properties of the identified major compounds, essential oils of both studied myrtaceae could be used in the medicine field including the food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industry.

关键词： Callistemon viminalis Melaleuca leucadendron Essential oil Chemical composition

Impact of Three Isolates of Cercosporidium personatum (Berk. Et M.A Curt.), a Pathogen of Late Leaf Spot, on Defoliation and Yield in Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) under Controlled Conditions

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2023年第10期14卷 1101-1114页

作者： Bawomon Fidèle Neya Tobdem Gaston Dabire Alassane Ouattara Amado Sawadogo Diariétou Sambakhe Kouka Hamidou Sogoba Tounwendsida Abel Nana Ibié Gilles Thio Frank Essem Kadidia Koita University Center of Gaoua Nazi BONI University Bobo Dioulasso Burkina Faso Life and Earth Sciences Unit Joseph KI-ZERBO University Ouagadougou Burkina Faso senegalese institute of agricultural research/ceraas Thiès Senegal institute for the Environment and agricultural research (INERA) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Akenten Appiah-Menka University of Skills Training and Entrepreneurial Development Mampong Ghana

Late leaf spot caused by Cercosporidium personatum is one of the most widespread groundnut leaf diseases. Along with early leaf spot and rust, it is one of the main fungal diseases hampering groundnut production worldwide. Late leaf spot accounts for significant yield losses throughout the world where groundnuts are grown. This reduction in yield caused by the disease could result in yield losses of between 50% and 70%. In Burkina Faso, the disease is present throughout the country, with incidence varying according to region and season. Could the variability in the incidence of the disease be linked to the nature of the isolates or to the conditions from each agro-ecological zone? In this study, the aim was to assess the capacity of three isolates from three agroclimatic zones of the country to defoliate and reduce groundnut yield. To this end, three isolates of Cercosporidium personatum (Berk. Et M.A Curt.) were collected in these zones and evaluated on three contrasting groundnut varieties. A split-splot design was used for the experiment. Isolates were prepared from samples collected in farmers’ fields. After incubation in the laboratory, leaf spots showing good sporulation were scraped off with a scalpel after immersing the leaves in distilled water. Inoculations were carried out under controlled environment. After inoculation with the isolate, the percentage of defoliation and the reduction in yield of these varieties were then evaluated. Inoculation was carried out from the 30th day after sowing with Cercosporidium personatum spore suspensions at 105 spores/ml. The study showed that the percentage of defoliation (P = 0.0001) and the reduction in yield (P = 0.0001) were significant. The study revealed that, whatever the variety, isolate I3TF from the Upper Basins region in the South Sudanese zone caused the greatest defoliation and the greatest reduction in yield. The variety TS32-1, regardless of the isolate used for the treatment, recorded the best

关键词： Arachis hypogaea Isolate Late Leaf Spot Cercosporidum personatum Yield Defoliation

Natural Enemies and Pest Control in Field-Grown Crop in Southern Senegal

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Advances in Entomology 2022年第4期10卷 287-299页

作者： Etienne Tendeng Babacar Labou El Hadji Serigne Sylla Amadou Baldé Mamadou Diatte Oumar Seydi Issa Alé Ndiaye Pape Diop Serigne Omar Sène Saliou Djiba Karamoko Diarra UCAD Integrated Production and Protection Laboratory in Agroecosystems (L2PIA) Faculty of Science and Technology Cheikh Anta Diop University Dakar Senegal ISRA Entomology Laboratory of Djibélor Agricultural Research Centre Senegalese Institute for Agricultural Research Ziguinchor Senegal

Crop pests are a permanent threat to horticultural production. Several control methods are recommended for their control, including biological control. This method based on the use of natural enemies is not well established. The objective of this study was to assess the diversity and abundance of natural enemies of crop pests. A survey of crops associated with pests was carried out on 144 fields in southern Senegal to measure the diversity and abundance of natural enemies of various crop pests, determine the native parasitoid complex and assess parasitism rates. Ecological indices were calculated to assess the diversity of natural enemies. A total of 25 natural enemy species were identified, including 15 parasitoids and 10 predators. Predatory Hemiptera and Parasitoid Hymenoptera were high biodiversity. The parasitism rates vary between 0 and 50% depending on the abundance of pests and parasitoid species. Knowledge of the diversity of natural enemies and the understanding of trophic interactions with pests are important in the development of biological crop protection in order to preserve resilience in agroecosystems.

关键词： Biodiversity Agroecosystem Crop Protection Pests Market Gardening Biological Control

First Record of Pristomerus pallidus (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Cremastinae) (Kriechbaumer) Parasitizing Hellula undalis (F.) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in Crucifer Crop in Senegal

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Advances in Entomology 2023年第4期11卷 256-263页

作者： Etienne Tendeng Etienne Tendeng Babacar Labou El Hadji Serigne Sylla Amadou Baldé Mamadou Diatte Oumar Seydi Issa Alé Ndiaye Pape Diop Serigne Omar Sène Saliou Djiba Karamoko Diarra Integrated Production and Protection Laboratory in Agroecosystems (L2PIA) Faculty of Science and Technology Cheikh Anta Diop University (UCAD) Dakar Senegal Entomology Laboratory of Djibé lor Agricultural Research Centre Senegalese Institute for Agricultural Research (ISRA) Ziguinchor Senegal

Cabbage is today an economically important crop grown in more than 90 countries around the world. Production is constantly threatened by pests including the cabbage webworm, Hellula undalis (F.) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) which just one or two larvae can cause severe damage by infesting the growing points or shoots of young plants. Hellula undalis is difficult to control by the use of chemical insecticides. The establishment of effective biological control is needed. The parasitoid species Pristomerus pallidus (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Cremastinae) was recorded for the first time in Senegal on larvae of Hellula undalis from cabbage fields infested with H. undalis. Laboratory observed parasitism was 7.4%. This is the first record of Pristomerus pallidus parasitizing Hellula undalis from Senegal. Furthermore, studies on the potential regulation of Hellula undalis under controlled and field conditions need to be evaluated for utilizing this parasitoid as a biocontrol agent against the cabbage webworm. .

关键词： Biological Control Parasitoid Pest Market Gardening Ziguinchor Casamance

Effects of Garcinia kola “Bitter Kola” Powder on Sex Reversal, Survival and Growth Performance of Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L.)

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Journal of agricultural Chemistry and Environment 2023年第4期12卷 351-364页

作者： Cheikh Sarr Ngor Ndour Ousmane Ndiaye Hamet Diaw Diadhiou Agroforestry and Plant Production Laboratory Itato Community Agricultural Estate Kedougou Senegal Agroforestry and Plant Production Laboratory Assane Seck University Ziguinchor Senegal Thies National Agriculture College (ENSA) Thies Senegal Thiaroye Oceanographic research Center Senegalese Agricultural Research Institute Dakar Senegal

This study was carried out in 2022 at the Itato agriculture community estate of fish hatchery in eastern Senegal with the aim of finding an alternative method to 17-α-methyl testosterone (MT) by using Garcinia kola “Bitter kola” powder to obtain Oreochromis niloticus male sex populations. 1800 fry of average size between 0.01 and 0.02 g were distributed in 12 aboveground tanks of 1 m3 each at a rate of 150 individuals/tank, following 6 duplicate treatments. The negative (B1 and B2) and positive (B3 and B4) control diets, to which between 0 and 60 mg/kg of 17alpha-methyl testosterone had been added respectively, were mixed with industrial feed containing 40% protein;the tank diets (B5 and B6), (B7 and B8), (B9 and B10) and (B11 and B12) contained 10 g, 20 g, 30 g and 40 g of Garcinia kola powder respectively for 1 kg of industrial feed con-taining 40% protein. These different treatments resulted in high proportions of males in the order of 97.03%;98.09% for the hormone and proportions of 94.03%;93.26% for 20 g of Garcinia kola extracts. In terms of weight growth, the best average weights for the hormone and Garcinia kola were 0.896 g and 0.980 g respectively. With regard to fish survival, the following results were recorded: 95.53% and 94.56% respectively for additions of 20 g and 30 g of Garcinia kola extracts to the feed supplied to the fish. On the other hand, a significant difference in the mortality rate of 35% and 5% respectively for the conventional hormone and 20 g of Garcinia kola extracts was observed. To conclude the study, it is recommended that further studies be carried out to determine the quality of the flesh, their life stages and the profile of the amino acids present in their proteins.

关键词： Tilapia Oreochromis niloticus 17-α-Methyl Testosterone Garcinia kola Sexual Inversion Male Fry Hormonal Feed

Effect of Substrates on the Mycorrhization and Growth of <i>Saba senegalensis</i>under Semi-Controlled Conditions

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2019年第9期10卷 1612-1622页

作者： Paul Diouf Sire Diedhiou Dioumacor Fall Daouda Ngom Mariama Dalanda Diallo Ibrahima Ndoye Agroforestry Department Assane Seck University Ziguinchor Senegal senegalese institute of agricultural research Dakar Senegal Plant Biology Department Cheikh Anta Diop University Dakar Senegal Agronomic Sciences of Aquaculture and Food Technology UFR UGB Saint-Louis Sénégal

Saba senegalensis is a wild edible fruit plant species with a high economic potential which can be used to fight food insecurity in rural areas and to reduce poverty. Domestication programs are being carried out to boost production. However, no studies have been done to determine the optimal soil properties for growing S. senegalensis. This study was carried out to determine the effects of the physical and chemical properties of different substrates on the mycorrhization and growth of S. senegalensis under semi-controlled conditions. S. senegalensis seeds were grown for 4 months in the nursery using five substrates: S1 (1/2 sand + 1/2 potting soil), S2 (1/3 sand + 2/3 potting soil), S3 (2/3 sand + 1/3 potting soil), S4 (potting soil) and S5 (sand). The intensity of mycorrhization was highest for plants grown on substrates with a lowest clay, silt, and nutrient content S3 (29.5%) and S5 (23.5%) respectively. Substrates with much higher clay and silt content stimulated better the growth of S. senegalensis than substrates with lower silt clay and nutrient content. In the context of domestication, the quality of the substrates could be used to stimulate the mycorrhization and the growth of S. senegalensis and thus quickly produce vigorous plants.

关键词： Mycorrhizal Intensity Nursery Physicochemical Properties Wild Fruit

Ecological Wastewater Treatment System Using a Horizontal Flow Biological Reactor: The Case of Vetiver

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2024年第1期15卷 26-38页

作者： Falilou Coundoul Abdou Khafor Ndiaye Abdoulaye Deme Polytechnic institute of Saint-Louis Gaston Berger University Saint-Louis S&eacuten&eacutegal Applied Sciences and Technologies Training and research Unit Gaston Berger University Saint-Louis Saint-Louis S&eacuten&eacutegal

Confronted with the challenge of wastewater management, particularly in the school environment of Senegal, our study set out to achieve multiple objectives. Following field surveys, laboratory analyses of wastewater samples were carried out, revealing a significant pollutant load. In the community of Gandiol, near Saint-Louis (Senegal), the school of Ndiebene Gandiol 1 faces significant sanitation challenges. Our study aimed to address this issue by using a constructed filter composed of two filtering bed cells measuring 12 × 8.5 m, preceded by a septic tank. We particularly focused on the influence of Vetiver;a plant chosen for its purification potential. Our analyses showed remarkable efficiency of the filter. Elimination rates reached 95% for 5-Day Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD5), 91% for Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), and 92% for SS, far exceeding the senegalese standards set at 50 mg/L, 200 mg/L, and 40 mg/L, respectively. Furthermore, the concentration of fecal coliforms was reduced to 176 FCU/100mL, well below the senegalese threshold of 2000 FCU/100mL and close to the World Health Organization’s (WHO) recommendation of 1000 FCU/100mL. However, despite these promising results, some parameters, particularly the concentration of certain pollutants, approached the thresholds defined by European legislation. For example, for Suspended Solids (SS), the post-treatment level of 3 mg/L was well below the senegalese standard but edged close to the European minimum of 10 mg/L. In conclusion, the Vetiver filter demonstrated a remarkable ability to treat school wastewater, offering high pollutant elimination percentages. These results suggest significant opportunities for the reuse of treated water, potentially in areas such as irrigation, though some adjustments may be necessary to meet the strictest standards such as those of the European union (EU).

关键词： Hydraulic Engineering Wastewater Quality Wastewater Treatment agricultural Irrigation Sanitation Engineering Environment