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Sexual dimorphism in the alpine butterflies Boloria pales and Boloria napaea:differences in movement and foraging behavior (Lepidoptera:Nymphalidae)

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Insect Science 2018年第6期25卷 1089-1101页

作者： Stefan Ehl Katharina Hostert Jana Korsch Patrick Gros Thomas Schmitt Department of Biogeography University of TrierTrierGermany Haus der Natur Salzburg Work group EntomologySalzburgAustria senckenberg german entomological institute MünchebergGermany Entomology Department of ZoologyInstitute of Biology Martin Luther University Halle-WittenbergHalle (Saale)Germany

Sexual dimorphism is a widespread phenomenon in Lepidoptera.It is reflected in differences in life history,behavior and morphology.Analyses of differences in behavior are mostly difficult and time-consuming,especially in high mountain ecosystems.To enhance our knowledge on sexual dimorphisms of alpine butterflies,we performed a mark-release-recapture study on 2 species common in the Alps:Boloriapales and Boloria napaea.We analysed movement and foraging behavior to investigate differences between sexes.Both sexes were mostly sedentary and the movement distances of males and females similar.However,obvious differences in dispersal behavior between the sexes were found in the movement patterns.Three different patterns were distinguished.Most males showed intensive flight activity,but mostly flew only in a limited part of the entire habitat (i.e.,their individual home range)searching for females,whereas females were less flight active and flew only to find places for oviposition or feeding.The third pattern,where individuals flew larger distances,was only observed in a small number of males,which always returned to their home range.Nearly all feeding was observed on Asteraceae.However,males preferred the genera Leontodon and Crepis,while females preferred Leontodon and Carduus.Apart from this sexual difference in foraging,individuals of both sexes were found to be more or less specialised on nectar sources.Flight activity was generally greater in males than females.Therefore,we think that sex-specific requirements in nectar ingredients exist,that is,sugar for the intensive flight activity of males and amino acids for egg production of females.

关键词： foraging behavior mark-release-recapture movement patterns nectar source specialization sexual dimorphism

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Specialized or opportunistic how does the high mountain endemic butterfly Erebia nivalis survive in its extreme habitats？

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Insect Science 2018年第1期25卷 161-171页

作者： Stefan Ehl Vivian Dalstein Fabienne Tull Patrick Gros Thomas Schmitt Biogeography Trier University Trier Germany Haus der Natur Salzburg Department Entomology Salzburg Austria senckenberg german entomological institute Department Taxonomy and Biogeography Muncheberg Germany Entomology Department of Zoology Institute of Biology Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg Halle (Saale) Germany

High mountain ecosystems are a challenge for the survival of animal and plant species, which have to evolve specific adaptations to cope with the prevailing extreme conditions. The strategies to survive may reach from opportunistic to highly adapted traits. One species successfully surviving under these conditions is the here studied butterfly Erebia nivalis. In a mark-release-recapture study performed in the Hohe Tauern National Park （Austria） from 22 July to 26 August 2013, we marked 1386 individuals and recaptured 342 of these. For each capture event, we recorded the exact point of capture and various other traits （wing conditions, behavior, nectar sources）. The population showed a partial protandrous demography with the minority of males emerging prior to the females, but the majority being synchronized with them. Males and females differed significantly in their behavior with males being more flight active and females nectaring and resting more. Both sexes showed preferences for the same plant species as nectar sources, but this specialization apparently is the result of a rapid individual adaptation to the locally available flowers. Estimates of the realized dispersal distances predicted a comparatively high amount of long-distance flights, especially for females. Therefore, the adaptation of Erebia nivalis to the unpredictable high mountain conditions might be a mixture of opportunism and specialized traits.

关键词： alpine butterflies movement patterns nectar sources opportunistic behavior partial protandry population demography

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Clones or no clones：genetic structure of riparian Populus euphratica forests in Central Asia

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Journal of Arid Land 2018年第5期10卷 750-766页

作者： Katja KRAMP Thomas SCHMITT Petra LANG Michael JESCHKE Philipp SCHAFERI Dustin KULANEK ZHANG Ximing YU Ruide Frank M THOMAS senckenberg german entomological institute Eberswalder StraBe 90 Muncheberg 15374 Germany Department of Zoology Faculty Natural Sciences I Institute of Biology Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg Halle (SaMe) 06099 Germany Faculty of Regional and Environmental Sciences University of Trier Campus II BehringstraBe 21 Trier 54296 Germany Xinjiang institute of Ecology and Geography Chinese Academy of Sciences Urumqi 830011 China Sino-german Joint Research Center for the Management of Ecosystems and Environmental Changes in Arid Lands (MEECAL) Urumqi 830011 China

Many riparian（Tugai） forests growing along rivers in arid and hyper-arid regions of Central Asia are dominated by the Euphrates poplar（Populus euphratica）. Besides generative reproduction, which is only possible upon flooding events and at a distance to the groundwater of less than 2 m, this phreatophytic tree species also reproduces vegetatively by forming clones that can cover land surface areas of several hectares. Along a gradient of groundwater distances, we investigated whether the fraction of clones in P. euphratica stands（1） increases with increasing distance to the water table;（2） is higher if supplied with water via river cut-offs; and（3） approaches 100% at a short distance to the groundwater, but at high salt concentrations in the upper soil layers, which would prevent germination and establishment of seedlings. AFLP（Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism） analyses were conducted on leaf samples taken from mature P. euphratica trees growing at the fringes of the Taklimakan Desert in stands with different distances（2–12 m） to the groundwater at two plots at the middle and the lower reaches of the Tarim River and in a stand close to Ebinur Lake, Xinjiang, China. Genetic diversity was large among plots, but considerably smaller within plots. We found the highest genetic diversity（caused by regeneration from seeds） at plots that have a short distance to the groundwater or are supplied with additional water. There was no significant relationship between groundwater distance and clonal fraction. All investigated trees at the saline Ebinur Lake site belonged to one single clone. Our results demonstrate that the genetic pattern of this widespread species is not easily predictable even over small distances as it is a result of a complex interplay of stand history and dispersal of propagules（pollen, seeds, and vegetative diaspores） by wind and water. In conservation and restoration schemes, P. euphratica stands with a high genetic diversity and stands that grow at short distances to the water table and are regul

关键词： clonality floodplain forest ground water phreatophyte population genetics rejuvenation salinity

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River Water Quality Assessment in Selected Yangtze Tributaries: Background and Method Development

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Journal of Earth Science 2010年第6期21卷 876-881页

作者： Sonja C Jhnig 蔡庆华 Department of Limnology and Conservation Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum Gelnhausen Germany Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (BiK-F) State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology Institute of Hydrobiology Chinese Academy of Sciences

Water pollution is among the most severe environmental problems in China, particularly in the vicinity of residential and urban areas. In almost all Asian countries, river monitoring is predominantly based on the analysis of chemical data. However, biological data are a worthwhile addition for the determination of the long-term ecological status of rivers and are particularly well-suited in case of steep pollution and disturbance gradients. A tool for river water quality assessment using benthic invertebrates has been developed for selected tributaries of the middle reach of the Yangtze River. Site selection was supported by a preclassification considering physico-chemical and hydromorphological conditions. Following a stratified sampling design, 34 samples were taken in small and large streams in the subtropical mountainous area of western Hubei （湖北）（China） covering a pollution gradient, accompanied by an extensive field protocol on stream characteristics and （physico-） chemical water analyses. The proposed assessment system is computed as an average score per taxon. The challenge to further consider the additional impact from global change into the development of such tools is discussed.

关键词： benthic invertebrate biological assessment ecological quality organic pollution Hubei climate change.

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Cuticular hydrocarbon profiles differ between ant body parts:implications for communication and our understanding of CHC diffusion

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Current Zoology 2021年第5期67卷 531-540页

作者： Philipp P.SPRENGER Lisa J.GERBES Jacqueline SAHM Florian MENZEL institute of Organismic and Molecular Evolution(iomE) Johannes Gutenberg-University MainzHanns-Dieter Husch-Weg 15Mainz55128Germany Department of Evolutionary Animal Ecology University of BayreuthUniversitatsstraße 30Bayreuth95477Germany senckenberg Research institute Senckenberganlage 2560325 Frankfurt am MainGermany

Insect cuticular hydrocarbons(CHCs)serve as communication signals and protect against desiccation.They form complex blends of up to 150 different compounds.Due to differences in molecular packing,CHC classes differ in melting point.Communication is especially important in social insects like ants,which use CHCs to communicate within the colony and to recognize nestmates.Nestmate recognition models often assume a homogenous colony odor,where CHCs are collected,mixed,and redistributed in the postpharyngeal gland(PPG).Via diffusion,recognition cues should evenly spread over the body surface.Hence,CHC composition should be similar across body parts and in the PPG.To test this,we compared CHC composition among whole-body extracts,PPG,legs,thorax,and gaster,across 17 ant species from 3 genera.Quantitative CHC composition differed between body parts,with consistent patterns across species and CHC classes.Early-melting CHC classes were most abundant in the PPG.In contrast,whole body,gaster,thorax,and legs had increasing proportions of CHC classes with higher melting points.Intraindividual CHC variation was highest for rather solid,late-melting CHC classes,suggesting that CHCs differ in their diffusion rates across the body surface.Our results show that body parts strongly differ in CHC composition,either being rich in rather solid,late-melting,or rather liquid,early-melting CHCs.This implies that recognition cues are not homogenously present across the insect body.However,the unequal diffusion of different CHCs represents a biophysical mechanism that enables caste differences despite continuous CHC exchange among colony members.

关键词： nestmate recognition Formicidae eusocial insects melting temperature cuticle regionalization pheromones

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GEOEssential–mainstreaming workflows from data sources to environment policy indicators with essential variables

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International Journal of Digital Earth 2020年第2期13卷 322-338页

作者： Anthony Lehmann Stefano Nativi Paolo Mazzetti Joan Maso Ivette Serral Daniel Spengler Aidin Niamir Ian McCallum Pierre Lacroix Petros Patias Denisa Rodila Nicolas Ray Grégory Giuliani enviroSPACE Institute for Environmental SciencesUniversity of GenevaGenevaSwitzerland Dpt.F.-A.Forel for Environment and Water Sciences Faculty of SciencesUniversity of GenevaGenevaSwitzerland National Research Council of Italy–institute of Atmospheric Pollution Research Sesto Fiorentino(FI)Italy CREAF Grumets research group CREAF.Edifici C.Universitat Autònoma de BarcelonaBellaterraSpain Remote Sensing Section Helmholtz Center Potsdam GFZ German Research Center for GeosciencesPotsdamGermany senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research institute Senckenberg Gesellschaft für NaturforschungFrankfurt am MainGermany International institute for Applied Systems Analysis LaxenburgAustria GRID-Geneva Institute for Environmental SciencesUniversity of GenevaGenevaSwitzerland School of Surveying Engineering Aristotle University of ThessalonikiThessalonikiGreece GeoHealth Group Institute of Global HealthFaculty of MedicineUniversity of GenevaGenevaSwitzerland

When defining indicators on the environment,the use of existing initiatives should be a priority rather than redefining indicators each time.From an Information,Communication and Technology perspective,data interoperability and standardization are critical to improve data access and exchange as promoted by the Group on Earth Observations.GEOEssential is following an end-user driven approach by defining Essential Variables(EVs),as an intermediate value between environmental policy indicators and their appropriate data sources.From international to local scales,environmental policies and indicators are increasingly percolating down from the global to the local agendas.The scientific business processes for the generation of EVs and related indicators can be formalized in workflows specifying the necessary logical steps.To this aim,GEOEssential is developing a Virtual Laboratory the main objective of which is to instantiate conceptual workflows,which are stored in a dedicated knowledge base,generating executable workflows.To interpret and present the relevant outputs/results carried out by the different thematic workflows considered in GEOEssential(i.***.biodiversity,ecosystems,extractives,night light,and food-water-energy nexus),a Dashboard is built as a visual front-end.This is a valuable instrument to track progresses towards environmental policies.

关键词： SDGs environmental policies essential variables earth observation knowledge base workflows virtual research environment

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Application of Multivariate Geostatistics to Investigate the Surface Sediment Distribution of the High-Energy and Shallow Sandy Spiekeroog Shelf at the german Bight, Southern North Sea

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Open Journal of Marine Science 2012年第4期2卷 103-118页

作者： Ella Meilianda Katrin Huhn Dedy Alfian Alexander Bartholomae INTERCOAST University of Bremen Bremen Germany MARUM University of Bremen Bremen Germany senckenberg institute Wilhelmshaven Germany

Surface sediment data acquired by the grab sampling technique were used in the present study to produce a high-resolution and full coverage surface grain-size mapping. The objective is to test whether the hypothetically natural relationship between the surface sediment distribution and complex bathymetry could be used to improve the quality of surface sediment patches mapping. This is based on our hypothesis that grain-size characteristics of the ridge surface sediments must be intrinsically related to the hydrodynamic condition, i.e. storm-induced currents and the geometry of the seabed morphology. The median grain-size data were obtained from grab samples with inclusive bathymetric point recorded at 713 locations on the high-energy and shallow shelf of the Spiekeroog Barrier Island at the german Bight of the Southern North Sea. The area features two-parallel shoreface-connected ridges which is situated obliquely WNW-SSE oriented and mostly sandy in texture. We made use the median grain-size (d50) as the predictand and the bathymetry as the covariable to produce a high-resolution raster map of median grain-size distribution using the Cokriging interpolation. From the cross-validation of the estimated median grain-size data with the measured ones, it is clear that the gradient of the linear regression line for Cokriging is leaning closer towards the theoretical perfect-correlation line (45°) compared to that for Anisotropy Kriging. The interpolation result with Cokriging shows more realistic estimates on the unknown points of the median grain-size and gave detail to surface sediment patchiness, which spatial scale is more or less in agreement with previous studies. In addition to the moderate correlation obtained from the Pearson correlation (r = 0.44), the cross-variogram shows a more precise nature of their spatial correlation, which is physically meaningful for the interpolation process. The present study partially contributes to the framework of habitat mapping and nature protection that is to fill the gaps i

关键词： Multivariate Geostatistics Cokriging Median Grain-Size Bathymetry Shallow Shelf Mapping

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Eckfeld Maar:Window into an Eocene Terrestrial Habitat in Central Europe

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2010年第4期84卷 984-1009页

作者： Herbert LUTZ Uwe KAULFUSS Torsten WAPPLER Werner LHNERTZ Volker WILDE Dieter F.MERTZ Jens MINGRAM Jens L.FRANZEN Herbert FRANKENHUSER Martin KOZIOL Mainz Natural History Museum/State Collection for Natural History of Rhineland-Palatinate MainzGermany Department of Geology University of OtagoDunedinNew Zealand Section Palaeontology Steinmann InstituteUniversity of BonnBonnGermany Hermann-Josef-Kolleg Steinfeld Kall-SteinfeldGermany Section Palaeobotanik Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History MuseumFrankfurt am MainGermany institute for Geosciences Johannes Gutenberg University MainzMainzGermany Section Climate Dynamics and Landscape Evolution Helmholtz Centre Potsdam GFZ German Research Centre for GeosciencesPotsdamGermany Jakobistr. Titisee-NeustadtGermany Maarmuseum Manderscheid/State Collection for Natural History of Rhineland-Palatinate ManderscheidGermany

To mark the occasion of the 175th anniversary of the Rheinische Naturforschende Gesellschaft in 2009 and of the centennial of the Mainz Natural History Museum in 2010, we present a short account of our present knowledge of the Eckfeld Maar after 20 years of continuous research. This paper does not attempt to include all of the detailed results on the geology of the Eckfeld site or its biota. To date, nearly 250 papers and books have been published since the start of our project. An up-to-date list of these publications can be found at www.***.de.

关键词： maar lake Eocene central Europe fossil Rhenish shield

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A novel long non-coding RNA Myolinc regulates myogenesis through TDP-43 and Filip1

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Journal of Molecular Cell Biology 2018年第2期10卷 102-117页

作者： Giuseppe Militello Mohammed Rabiul Hosen Yuliya Ponomareva Pascal Gellerts Tyler Weirick David John Sajedah Mahmoud Hindi Kamel Mamchaoui Vincent Mouly Claudia Doring Lidan Zhang Miki Nakamura Ashok Kumar So-ichiro Fukada Stefanie Dimmeler Shizuka Uchida institute of Cardiovascular Regeneration Centre for Molecular Medicine Goethe University Frankfurt Frankfurt am Main 60590 Germany german Center for Cardiovascular Research Partner side Rhein-Main Frankfurt am Main 60590 Germany Department of Biosciences Goethe University Frankfurt Frankfurt am Main 60438 Germany Cardiovascular Innovation institute University of Louisville Louisville KY 40202 USA Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre Institute of Cancer Research London SW3 6JB UK Department of Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology University of Louisville School of Medicine Louisville KY 40202 USA Sorbonne Universites UPMC Univ Paris 06 INSERM UMRS974 CNRS FRE3617 Center for Research in Myology Paris 75013 France Dr. senckenberg institute of Pathology Goethe University Frankfurt Frankfurt am Main 60590 Germany Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Physiology Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Osaka University Osaka 565-0871 Japan

Myogenesis is a complex process required for skeletal muscle formation during embryonic development and for regeneration and growth of myofibers in adults. Accumulating evidence suggests that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play key roles in regulating cell fate decision and function in various tissues. However, the role of lncRNAs in the regulation of myogenesis remains poorly understood. In this study, we identified a novel muscle-enriched lncRNA called 'Myolinc (AK142388)', which we functionally characterized in the C2C12 myoblast cell line. Myolinc is predominately localized in the nucleus, and its levels increase upon induction of the differentiation. Knockdown of Myolinc impairs the expression of myogenic regulatory factors and formation of multi-nucleated myotubes in cultured myoblasts. Myolinc also regulates the expression of Filip1 in a cis-manner. Similar to Myolinc, knockdown of Filip1 inhibits myogenic differentiation. Furthermore, Myolinc binds to TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43), a DNA/RNA-binding protein that regulates the expression of muscle genes (e.g. Acta1 and MyoD). Knockdown of TDP-43 inhibits myogenic differentiation. We also show that Myolinc-TDP-43 interaction is essential for the binding of TDP-43 to the promoter regions of muscle marker genes. Finally, we show that silencing of Myolinc inhibits skeletal muscle regeneration in adult mice. Altogether, our study identifies a novel lncRNA that controls key regulatory networks of myogenesis.

关键词：非编码 RNA 调整标记基因相互作用成年人蛋白质肌肉

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Influence of experimental soil disturbances on the diversity of plants in agricultural grasslands

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2014年第6期7卷 509-517页

作者： Jörg Müller Johannes Heinze Jasmin Joshi Steffen Boch Valentin H.Klaus Markus Fischer Daniel Prati institute of Biochemistry and BiologyUniversity of PotsdamMaulbeerallee 114469 PotsdamGermany Freie Universität Berlin Institut für BiologieBerlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity ResearchAltensteinstrasse 614195 BerlinGermany institute of Plant Sciences University of BernAltenbergrain 213013 BernSwitzerland institute of Landscape Ecology University of MünsterHeisenbergstr.248149 MünsterGermany Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre BIK-F Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung603257 FrankfurtGermany

Aims and Methods Disturbance is supposed to play an important role for biodiversity and ecosystem stability as described by the intermediate disturbance hypoth-esis(IDH),which predicts highest species richness at intermediate levels of disturbances.In this study,we tested the effects of artificial soil distur-bances on diversity of annual and perennial vascular plants and bryo-phytes in a field experiment in 86 agricultural grasslands differing in land use in two regions of germany.On each grassland,we implemented four treatments:three treatments differing in application time of soil dis-turbances and one control.One year after experimental disturbance,we recorded vegetation and measured biomass productivity and bare ground.We analysed the disturbance response taking effects of region and land-use-accompanied disturbance regimes into account.Important Findings Region and land-use type strongly determined plant species rich-ness.Experimental disturbances had small positive effects on the species richness of annuals,but none on perennials or bryophytes.Bare ground was positively related to species richness of bryophytes.However,exceeding the creation of 12%bare ground further distur-bance had a detrimental effect on bryophyte species richness,which corresponds to the IDH.As biomass productivity was unaffected by disturbance our results indicate that the disturbance effect on spe-cies richness of annuals was not due to decreased overall produc-tivity,but rather due to short-term lowered inter-and intraspecific competition at the newly created microsites.Generally,our results highlight the importance of soil disturbances for species richness of annual plants and bryophytes in agricultural grasslands.However,most grasslands were disturbed naturally or by land-use practices and our additional experimental soil dis-turbances only had a small short-term effect.Overall,total plant diversity in grasslands seemed to be more limited by the availabil-ity of propagules rather than by suitable microsites for germination.Thus,na

关键词： annuals bryophytes colonization intermediate disturbance hypothesis microsites

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