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High Voltage 2024年第1期9卷 22-34页

作者： Haichuan Yu Qiang Liu Zhongdong Wang Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering The University of ManchesterManchesterUK Department of Engineering University of ExeterExeterUK

Ester liquids(ELs),as the alternative transformer liquids to the conventional mineral oils(MOs),have been increasingly used in power transformers with high voltage *** various properties,the lightning impulse breakdown voltages(LIBDVs)have been studied elaborately in the past two decades under different electric field *** electric field uniformities do have an effect on the breakdown characteristics,for example,breakdown mechanisms,polarity effects,and differences of LIBDV between ELs and MOs,which is quantitatively investigated based on the LIBDVs collected from the *** breakdown mechanism transition phenomenon between streamer initiation dominated breakdown and streamer propagation dominated breakdown has been reviewed ***,the transition field factor boundaries to observe the polarity effect on LIBDVs are taken at around 20 for ELs and 10 for ***,the transition field factor boundaries to observe the LIBDV distinctions between ELs and MOs are about 109 and 14 under positive and negative lightning impulse,*** systematic analysis and interpretation on the transition field factor boundaries among different phenomena can provide insights on insulation design of ELs filled power transformers.

关键词： field lightning breakdown

How do neurons age?A focused review on the aging of the microtubular cytoskeleton

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第9期19卷 1899-1907页

作者： Brad Richardson Thomas Goedert Shmma Quraishe Katrin Deinhardt Amritpal Mudher School of Biological Sciences University of SouthamptonSouthamptonUK Institute of Developmental and Regenerative Medicine University of OxfordOxfordUK

Aging is the leading risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease and other neurodegenerative diseases. We now understand that a breakdown in the neuronal cytoskeleton, mainly underpinned by protein modifications leading to the destabilization of microtubules, is central to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease. This is accompanied by morphological defects across the somatodendritic compartment, axon, and synapse. However, knowledge of what occurs to the microtubule cytoskeleton and morphology of the neuron during physiological aging is comparatively poor. Several recent studies have suggested that there is an age-related increase in the phosphorylation of the key microtubule stabilizing protein tau, a modification, which is known to destabilize the cytoskeleton in Alzheimer’s disease. This indicates that the cytoskeleton and potentially other neuronal structures reliant on the cytoskeleton become functionally compromised during normal physiological aging. The current literature shows age-related reductions in synaptic spine density and shifts in synaptic spine conformation which might explain age-related synaptic functional deficits. However, knowledge of what occurs to the microtubular and actin cytoskeleton, with increasing age is extremely limited. When considering the somatodendritic compartment, a regression in dendrites and loss of dendritic length and volume is reported whilst a reduction in soma volume/size is often seen. However, research into cytoskeletal change is limited to a handful of studies demonstrating reductions in and mislocalizations of microtubule-associated proteins with just one study directly exploring the integrity of the microtubules. In the axon, an increase in axonal diameter and age-related appearance of swellings is reported but like the dendrites, just one study investigates the microtubules directly with others reporting loss or mislocalization of microtubule-associated proteins. Though these are the general trends reported, there are clea

关键词： age-related changes aging cytoskeleton microtubules neuronal morphology

Optimal Offering of Energy Storage in uk Day-Ahead Energy and Frequency Response Markets

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Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy 2024年第2期12卷 415-426页

作者： Makedon Karasavvidis Andreas Stratis Dimitrios Papadaskalopoulos Goran Strbac Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Imperial College LondonLondonUK Statkraft uk Ltd. LondonUK Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of PatrasPatrasGreece IEEE

The offering strategy of energy storage in energy and frequency response(FR) markets needs to account for country-specific market regulations around FR products as well as FR utilization factors, which are highly uncertain. To this end, a novel optimal offering model is proposed for stand-alone price-taking storage participants, which accounts for recent FR market design developments in the uk, namely the trade of FR products in time blocks, and the mutual exclusivity among the multiple FR products. The model consists of a day-ahead stage, devising optimal offers under uncertainty, and a real-time stage, representing the storage operation after uncertainty is materialized. Furthermore, a concrete methodological framework is developed for comparing different approaches around the anticipation of uncertain FR utilization factors(deterministic one based on expected values, deterministic one based on worst-case values, stochastic one, and robust one), by providing four alternative formulations for the real-time stage of the proposed offering model, and carrying out an out-of-sample validation of the four model instances. Finally, case studies employing real data from uk energy and FR markets compare these four instances against achieved profits, FR delivery violations, and computational scalability.

关键词： Energy markets energy storage frequency response optimal offering robust optimization stochastic programming

Simulation of the deformable lateral boundaries in biaxial test using DEM

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Particuology 2024年第5期88卷 161-175页

作者： Ali Momeni Barry Clarke Yong Sheng Ali Hassanpour WSP 3 Wellington PlaceLeedsLS1 4APUK Hull university HullHU6 7RXUK School of Civil Engineering University of LeedsLeedsLS2 9JTUK School of Computer Science University of HullHullHU6 7RXUK School of Chemical and Process Engineering University of LeedsLeedsLS2 9JTUK

Applying the discrete element method(DEM)in soil mechanics can provide abundant information at the particle-scale and facilitates illustration of the macro-mechanical behaviour of soils based on the inter-particle *** triaxial test is one of the most common laboratory methods to study the macro-mechanical behaviour of particulate materials such as ***,many problems in geotechnical design can be assumed and simplified as a plane strain *** a biaxial test can be conducted to reproduce the macro-mechanical behaviour of soil,where the sample is enclosed by two horizontal rigid platens and a vertical latex membrane,which is a deformable continuous element and allows the enclosed specimen to deform freely while maintaining confining stress during *** paper presents an algorithm to represent physical and mechanical characteristics of latex membrane in the 2D DEM simulation of biaxial test using the PFC^(2D) *** investigate the impact of the lateral boundary conditions on the micro-macro mechanical behaviours of soil samples,two sets of DEM biaxial tests are conducted,*** rigid and deformable lateral boundary *** DEM modeling results indicate that the lateral boundary conditions have a significant effect on the micro-scale fabric properties,thickness and inclination of the shear *** comparison between these two simulations also demonstrates that the lateral boundary conditions play a major role in the peak and post-peak stress-strain behaviours as well as the dilation and critical state behaviours of granular soils.

关键词： Discrete element method Biaxial test Deformable boundaries Shear band Critical state Fabric anisotropy Geometrical stability index

SARS-CoV-2 and innate immunity:the good,the bad,and the"goldilocks"

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2024年第2期21卷 171-183页

作者： Benjamin L.Sievers Mark T.K.Cheng Kata Csiba Bo Meng Ravindra K.Gupta Department of Medicine University of CambridgeCambridgeUK Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology&Infectious Disease(CITID) Department of MedicineUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUk

An ancient conflict between hosts and pathogens has driven the innate and adaptive arms of *** about this interplay can not only help us identify biological mechanisms but also reveal pathogen vulnerabilities that can be leveraged *** humoral response to SARS-CoV-2 infection has been the focus of intense research,and the role of the innate immune system has received significantly less ***,we review current knowledge of the innate immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection and the various means SARS-CoV-2 employs to evade innate defense *** also consider the role of innate immunity in SARS-CoV-2 vaccines and in the phenomenon of long COVID.

关键词： SARS-CoV-2 Innate immune response Interferon Cytokines Inflammation Antiviral targets

Proteins as nanomagnets and magnetoreceptors

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Zoological Research 2024年第4期45卷 831-832页

作者： P.J.Hore Department of Chemistry University of OxfordUK

It is an appealing notion that a protein molecule could act as a nanomagnet.A genetically encodable biomolecule with a permanent magnetic moment at room temperature could have a range of applications:a magnetogenetic actuator,a magnetic tag for purifying and immobilizing enzymes,a contrast agent for magnetic resonance imaging,and a basis for a biomimetic magnetic sensing device,to name just a few.A magnetic protein could perhaps also function as the sensor in the magnetic compass that enables small songbirds to navigate the huge distances between their breeding and wintering *** though such possibilities may be,how realistic are they?

关键词： magnetic magnets enable

LKB1 depletion-mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transition induces fibroblast activation in lung fibrosis

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Genes & Diseases 2024年第3期11卷 417-426页

作者： Zijian Xu Elizabeth R.Davies Liudi Yao Yilu Zhou Juanjuan Li Aiman Alzetani Ben G.Marshall David Hancock Tim Wallis Julian Downward Rob M.Ewing Donna E.Davies Mark G.Jones Yihua Wang Biological Sciences Faculty of Environmental and Life SciencesUniversity of SouthamptonSouthampton SO171BJUK clinical and Experimental Sciences Faculty of MedicineUniversity of SouthamptonSouthampton SO166YDUK Institute for Life Sciences University of SouthamptonSouthampton SO171BJUK NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre University Hospital SouthamptonSouthampton SO166YDUK university Hospital Southampton Southampton SO166YDUK Oncogene Biology The Francis Crick InstituteLondon NW11ATUK

The factors that determine fibrosis progression or normal tissue repair are largely *** previously demonstrated that autophagy inhibition-mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT)in human alveolar epithelial type Il(ATIl)cells augments local myofibroblast differentiation in pulmonary fibrosis by paracrine ***,we report that liver kinase B1(LKB1)inactivation in ATIl cells inhibits autophagy and induces EMT as a *** IPF lungs,this is caused by the down-regulation of CAB39L,a key subunit within the LKB1 complex.3D co-cultures of ATIl cells and MRC5 lung fibroblasts coupled with RNA sequencing(RNA-seq)confirmed that paracrine signaling between LKB1-depleted ATIl cells and fibroblasts augmented myofibroblast ***,these data suggest that reduced autophagy caused by LKB1 inhibition can induce EMT in ATIl cells and contribute to fibrosis via aberrant epithelial-fibroblast crosstalk.

关键词： CAB39L Crosstalk EMT LKB1 Pulmonary fibrosis

Transfer learning from T1-weighted to T2-weighted Magnetic resonance sequences for brain image segmentation

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CAAI Transactions on Intelligence Technology 2024年第1期9卷 26-39页

作者： Imene Mecheter Maysam Abbod Habib Zaidi Abbes Amira Brunel university LondonUK Geneva university Hospital GenevaSwitzerland Geneva university GenevaSwitzerland university of Groningen GroningenNetherlands university of Southern Denmark OdenseDenmark university of Sharjah SharjahUAE De Montfort university LeicesterUK

Magnetic resonance(MR)imaging is a widely employed medical imaging technique that produces detailed anatomical images of the human *** segmentation of MR im-ages plays a crucial role in medical image analysis,as it enables accurate diagnosis,treatment planning,and monitoring of various diseases and *** to the lack of sufficient medical images,it is challenging to achieve an accurate segmentation,especially with the application of deep learning *** aim of this work is to study transfer learning from T1-weighted(T1-w)to T2-weighted(T2-w)MR sequences to enhance bone segmentation with minimal required computation *** the use of an excitation-based convolutional neural networks,four transfer learning mechanisms are proposed:transfer learning without fine tuning,open fine tuning,conservative fine tuning,and hybrid transfer ***,a multi-parametric segmentation model is proposed using T2-w MR as an intensity-based augmentation *** novelty of this work emerges in the hybrid transfer learning approach that overcomes the overfitting issue and preserves the features of both modalities with minimal computation time and *** segmentation results are evaluated using 14 clinical 3D brain MR and CT *** results reveal that hybrid transfer learning is superior for bone segmentation in terms of performance and computation time with DSCs of 0.5393±*** T2-w-based augmentation has no significant impact on the performance of T1-w MR segmentation,it helps in improving T2-w MR segmentation and developing a multi-sequences segmentation model.

关键词： computer vision convolution image segmentation learning(artificial intelligence)

Employing electrochemically derived pH gradients for Lab-on-PCB protein preconcentration devices

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2024年第1期10卷 79-87页

作者： Grace Maxted Pedro Estrela Despina Moschou Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering University of BathBath BA27AYUK Centre for Bioengineering and Biomedical Technologies(CBio) University of BathBath BA27AYUK

Protein preconcentration is an essential sample preparation step for analysis in which the targeted proteins exist in low concentrations,such as bodily fluids,water,or ***,very few practical implementations of miniaturized protein preconcentration devices have been demonstrated in practice,and even fewer have been integrated with other microanalytical *** approaches rely heavily on additional chemicals and reagents and introduce complexity to the overall *** this paper,we propose a novel miniaturized isoelectric focusing-based protein preconcentration screening device based on electrochemically derived pH gradients rather than existing chemical reagent *** this way,we reduce the need for additional chemical reagents to zero while enabling device incorporation in a seamlessly integrated full protein analysis microsystem via Lab-on-PCB *** apply our previously presented Lab-on-PCB approach to quantitatively control the pH of a solution in the vicinity of planar electrodes using electrochemical acid generation through redox-active self-assembled *** presented device comprises a printed circuit board with an array of gold electrodes that were functionalized with 4-aminothiophenol;this formed a self-assembled monolayer that was electropolymerized to improve its electrochemical *** preconcentration was performed in two *** first was open and needed the use of a holder to suspend a well of fluid above the electrodes;the second used microfluidic channels to enclose small volumes of *** here are the resulting data for protein preconcentration in both these forms,with a quantitative concentration factor shown for the open form and qualitative proof shown for the microfluidic.

关键词： electrochemical proof qualitative

Data Temperature Informed Streaming for Optimising Large-Scale Multi-Tiered Storage

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Big Data Mining and Analytics 2024年第2期7卷 371-398页

作者： Dominic Davies-Tagg Ashiq Anjum Ali Zahir Lu Liu Muhammad Usman Yaseen Nick Antonopoulos Department of Computing University of DerbyDerbyDE221GBUK Department of Informatics University of LeicesterLeicesterLE17RHUK Department of Computer Science COMSATS University IslamabadIslamabad 45550Pakistan Edinburgh Napier university EdinburghEH114BNUK

Data temperature is a response to the ever-growing amount of *** data have to be stored,but they have been observed that only a small portion of the data are accessed more frequently at any one *** leads to the concept of hot and cold *** data can be migrated away from high-performance nodes to free up performance for higher priority *** studies classify hot and cold data primarily on the basis of data age and usage *** present this as a limitation in the current implementation of data *** is due to the fact that age automatically assumes that all new data have priority and that usage is purely *** propose new variables and conditions that influence smarter decision-making on what are hot or cold data and allow greater user control over data location and their *** identify new metadata variables and user-defined variables to extend the current data temperature *** further establish rules and conditions for limiting unnecessary movement of the data,which helps to prevent wasted input output(I/O)*** also propose a hybrid algorithm that combines existing variables and new variables and conditions into a single data *** proposed system provides higher accuracy,increases performance,and gives greater user control for optimal positioning of data within multi-tiered storage solutions.

关键词： data temperature hot and cold data multi-tiered storage metadata variable multi-temperature system